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January 1928 = Gregor Strasser appointed
“Organizational Leader” of NSDAP
Gau reforms
Importance of professional branches
Importance of uniforms
Importance of ranks
Reorganizing . . .
June 1929 = Nazis won majority election at Koburg
December 1929 = Nazis won 11% of the vote in Thuringia
Wilhelm Frick elected Interior and Education Minister
February 1930 = Horst Wessel died
1923-1933 = 199 Nazi “martyrs” killed
Local Elections
1928 Reichstag Elections:
12 seats won by Nazis
September 1930 Reichstag elections:
107 seats won by Nazis
Hitler was not serving in the Reichstag
October 1930 = trial of NSDAP army officers
Legally Seizing Power?
July 1931 = bank collapse in Germany
Two days later, NSDStB seizes control of national college student gov’t
Increasing violence between Communists and Nazis
12 Sept. 1931 = Nazis provoke fights with Jews
October 1931 = Harzburg Front coalition
NSDAP, DNVP, and the Stahlhelm
1931 = Political Polarization
1913 = 3%
1923 = 4%
1928 = 6%
1929 = 8.5%
1930 = 14%
1931 = 22%
1932 = 30%!!!
1936 = 7.5%
1939 = 0.5%
Unemployment Stats
1932 = five major elections in Germany
February 1932 = Hitler becomes a German citizen
Announces candidacy for President two days later
18 March 1932 = first round of voting . . .
Hitler gets 30% of the vote . . .
Hindenburg gets 49.6%
Weimar’s Final Year
10 April 1932 results:
Ernst Thälmann (KPD) = 10%
Adolf Hitler (NSDAP) = 37%
Paul von Hindenburg (Independent) = 53%
13 April = Brüning(Catholic Center Party) banned the SA and the SS
Invoked Article 48
Second Round of Presidential Election
Elections in Prussia, Bavaria, Württemberg, Anhalt,
and Hamburg
84% of the electorate
Election results . . .
Prussia = 162 seats won by Nazis
Bavaria = 42 seats won by Nazis
May 1932 = Reichstag suspended after violence
May 1932 = Brüning’s gov’t collapses
New national election
Landtag Elections (24 April)
Hitler flies to 50 cities in 15 days
Nazis win 230 of 608 seats (38%)
SPD only win 133 seats
No coalition gov’t . . .
New Chancellor = Franz von Papen
But now Hitler wants to be Chancellor!
Hindenburg says no . . .
July 1932 Reichstag Election
September 1932 = Communists and Nazis bring a
vote of no confidence to the Reichstag floor
Papen dissolves the Reichstag
New elections!
November 1932 Reichstag Election
November 1932 = Nazis lose votes
From 230 seats to 196 seats
KPD = from 89 to 100 seats
SPD also loses seats
Nazi Reversal
Lippe’s Landtag election
Nazis win big (39% of seats), claim tide has turned
Dismissed Papen seeks revenge on new Chancellor
Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher
Papen smooths Hitler’s path to the Chancellorship
Makes a deal with NSDAP and DNVP
Bleak Winter of 1933?
28 January 1933 = Schleicher resigns
30 January 1933 = Hitler is appointed Chancellor
Frick is appointed Minister of Interior
Hermann Göring is appointed Minister of Prussia
Another election called for March!
Machtergreifung(30 January 1933)
Arsonist burns down Reichstag
Hitler blames the Communists
4000 political operatives arrested
KPD still wins 81 seats . . .
But the NSDAP wins 288 (44%) . . .
Still no majority!!!
Reichstag Fire (27 February 1933)
Economic fears and unemployment
No confidence in democracy
Longing for a strong leader
Polarization of politics
Reorganized NSDAP
Devious behind-the-scenes politicking
Summary