Organisms II

Phylum AnthropodaPhylum AnthropodaOrder Decapoda (Ten-Footed) Page 125

Ex: Shrimp, crabs, hermit crabsMost commercialized group of animals used as food

source

Suborder AnomoraEx: Hermit CrabPeculiarly shaped tailsNeither long of shortVery muscularDistinctly shaped to coil in shell

Phylum AnthropodaPhylum Anthropoda

• Sub Order Macura – Long “tailed”– Abdomen extended outward {elongated}– Ex Shrimp, Lobster

Phylum AnthropodaPhylum AnthropodaSuborder Brachyrea

Ex: Blue CrabsTrue CrabsShort “tailed”Reduced and often folded under body

Order Stomatopoda (Mouth Footed) Page 126Ex: Mantis Shrimp

Order IsopodaEx: Rolly pollysFlatten top to bottom

Phylum Echinodermata

• Spiny Skin

• Radial Symmetry

• Water vascular system

• Ability to regenerateCl. Asteroidea

Ex: Starfish and sea starsCan have 5,6,7 40 arms (rays)Some species, such as the Sun Star (40 arms)

destroy coral reefs

Phylum Echinodermata

Water Vascular SystemPath of water

Sieve plate (Water Enters) Stone Canal

Ring Canal Radial Canal Tube Feet

Cl. OphiurideaEx: Brittle Stars and Basket StarsSerpent-like tailJointed armsOne opening for anus and mouth

Phylum Echinodermata

Cl. EchinoideaEx: Sea Urchins and Sand DollarsMouth parts are unique feeding structures called

Aristotle's Lantern

Cl. HolothuroideaEx: Sea CucumbersMost have crown of tentacles around mouthWhen threatened will ball up or eviscerate (throw

up) its stomach to avoid predatorConsidered delicacy in some parts of the world

Phylum Echinodermata

Cl. CrinoideaEx: Sea LiliesCommonly called Sea feather or Feather starStarfish on a stick

Phylum Bryozoans

• Ex: Sea Moss

Phylum Hemichordates

• Missing link

• Same basic developmental characteristics as chordates

• 90 Species, most Acorn Worms

Phylum Chordata• Have a nerve cord

• Have gill slits (pharyngeal)

• Notochord– Backbone

Subphylum Urochordata• TunicatesCl. Ascidiacea

Ex: Sea squirtsFilter feedersTadpole larvae

Phylum Chordata

Cl. ThaliaceaEx: Sea squirts

Cl. Larvacea Page 308

Subphylum CephalochordataEx: Lancelets and AmphioxusLacks backboneHas all 3 characteristics

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Vertebrata• Chordates with backbone that enclose a nerve

cord or spinal cord• Also show bilateral symmetryCl. Agnatha

Jawless fishEx: Hag fish, lamprey

Cl. ChondrichthyesEx: Sharks, raysSkeleton made from cartilage

Phylum Chordata

Cl. OsteichthyesBony fishSkeleton of boneLargest group of living vertebrates

• Movement produced by myomeres

• Fish and Shark Digestion System– Food path: Esophagus Stomach, Typically a

curved J shape Intestine (Pyloric caecae) – Sharks have spiral valve to increase digestion

• Circulatory System– 2 Chambered heart

• Atrium or Auricle• Ventricle

• Fish Coloration– Use color for camo– Color is produced by special skin cells called

chromatophores– May also have structural color, which is

reflective of some colors

Fish Coloration

– Color can be used for• Warning or advertisement• Cryptic color

– Blends with in with the enviroment

• Disruptive coloration– Breaks up outline of fish– Harder for predators to see

• Counter shading– Dark top, light bottom

Locomotion

• Reasons for locomotion– Obtain food– Escape– Find mate

• Rhythmic side to side of body or tail

Forms• Triangular Ex: Trunkfish

• Flat Fish (Side to side) Ex: Spade

• Round Ex: Porcupine

• Flat Fish (Rotated) Ex: Sun Fish, Flounder

• Flat Fish (Top to Bottom) Ex: Seamoth, Skate

• Elongated (Stretched) Ex: Pin fish

• Eel like Ex: Eel

• Elongated (Top to Bottom) Ex: Seahorse

Jaws

• Anterior- Small mouth Ex: Parrot Fish

• Anterior-Ventral- Bottom dweller Ex: Catfish

• Dorsal- Filter feeder Ex: Herring

• Forward- Ex: Shark

• Spike tooth- Ex: marlins