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CHAPTER SEVEN
MOTIVATION
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MOTIVATION DEFINITION
VITELESMotivation represents an unsatisfactory
need which creates a state of tension ordisequilibirium, causing
the individualto move in a goal directed patterntowards resorting a
state of equilibirium, by satisfying the need.
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MOTIVATION DEFINITION
ROBBINSMotivation is the process thataccounts for and
individualsintensity, direction andpersistence of effort toward
attaining a goal.
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THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
CONTENT PROCESSMaslow
VroomAlderfer
Adams
Herzberg LockeMcclelland
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MASLOWS NEED HIERARCHY
MODEL
Self actualization needs
Esteem needs
Affiliation needs
SecurityneedsPhysiologicalneeds
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ALDERFERS ERG THEORY
Existence needs
Relatedness needs
Growth needs
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HERZBERGS TWO-FACTOR
THEORY Hygiene Factors Motivation Factors*Wage & salary *The
job itself *Company policies *Recognition
& administration rules *Achievement*Interpersonal relations
*Responsibilitywith peers, supervisors*Growth &subordinates
Advancement
*Working conditions &Job security
*Supervisors technicalcompetence
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McCLELLANDS THEORY OF
NEEDS
Need for Achievement
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power
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VROOMS EXPECTANCY
MODELExpectancy -persons perception of thelikelihood that a
particular actionInstrumentality -persons belief and
expectation that his performance will lead toa particular
desired reward
Valence -the value a person assigns to his desiredreward
Motivation Force M=E*I*V
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EQUITY THEORY (ADAMS)
Major source of job dissatisfaction
Outcome - Input ratio
O1 O2I1 I2 inequity
