ORGANISATIONAL B - KopyKitab · PDF fileTypeset at Sara Assignments, Shahdara, Delhi-110032 Printed at Anubha Printers, Greater Noida-201 308 Sales Offices ... AMITY Universities etc.)

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR(PRINCIPLES, THEORY AND PRACTICES)

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR(PRINCIPLES, THEORY AND PRACTICES)

BHARATI RATHOREMBA (HR & Marketing) from MDU, Rohtak

Executive MBA (HR & Marketing) from IIT BombayPh.D (Pursuing)

Asian Books PAsian Books PAsian Books PAsian Books PAsian Books Private Limitedrivate Limitedrivate Limitedrivate Limitedrivate Limited7/28, Mahavir Lane, Vardan House, Ansari Road,

Daryaganj, New Delhi-110 002.

Organisational Behaviour (Principles, Theory and Practices)Bharati Rathore

Asian Books Private LimitedRegistered and Editorial Office7/28, Mahavir Lane, Vardan House, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110 002Ph.: 011-23282098, 23271887, Fax: 011-23262021E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: http://www.asianbooksindia.com

© Publishers

First Edidtion 2013

ISBN 978-81-8412-188-9

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or other-wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.Published by Kamal Jagasia for Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., 7/28, Mahavir Lane,

Vardan House, Daryaganj, New Delhi -110 002Typeset at Sara Assignments, Shahdara, Delhi-110032Printed at Anubha Printers, Greater Noida-201 308Sales OfficesNew Delhi 7/28, Mahavir Lane, Vardan House, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi – 110 002

Ph.: 011-23287577, 23259161, Fax: 011-23262021,E-mail: [email protected]

Bangalore 103, Swiss Complex, 33, Race Course Road, Bangalore - 560 001Ph.: 080-22200438, 32942173, 41136055 Fax: 080-22256583,E-mail: [email protected]

Guwahati House No. 48, Lamb Road, Latashil, P.O. Latashil, Distt. Kamrup (Metro),Guwahati - 781 001, AssamPh.: 0361-2131153, 2635729, E-mail: [email protected]

Kolkata 10 A, Hospital Street, Kolkata - 700 072Ph.: 033-32506706, 22153040, 22159899, Fax: 033-22159899,E-mail: [email protected]

Mumbai 103, Blackie House, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Opp. GPO, VT, Mumbai - 400 001Ph.: 022-32037931, 32047807, 22657807,E-mail: [email protected]

Resident OfficesChennai Shop No. 19, First Floor, Real Regency Complex, 102, Pycroft Road,

Royapettah, Chennai - 600 014Ph.: 09382807734, E-mail: [email protected]

Hyderabad 3-5-315, Street No. 7, Vittalwadi, Narayanguda, Hyderabad - 500 029Ph.: 09391061131, E-mail: [email protected]

Pune Shop No. 5-8, G.F. Shaan Brahma Complex, Near Ratan Theater,Budhwarpeth, Pune - 411 002, Ph: 09370866353,E-mail: [email protected]

This Book is dedicated toMy little Rock Star

“Chia”Bharati Rathore

The author is confident that the present work will come as a relief to the students wishing to go througha comprehensive work by explaining difficult concepts in the layman's language, offering a variety ofcase studies and multiple choice questions to top it and covering all the syllabi prescribed at variouslevels in universities.

This book promises to be a very good starting point for beginners and an asset to advanced users too.This book is written as per the syllabus of Gautam Buddh Technical University, Lucknow (GBTU),

MTU, Noida and MDU, Rohtak for the complete coverage of the syllabus for the courses of BBA andMBA also the contents of this book is useful for the students of other universities (viz., RTU, PTU,AMITY Universities etc.) students of PGDM and specially NET aspiring candidates can use this book. Adifficult concept of Organisational Behaviour is given in an easy way, so that students can able to understandin an efficient manner.

It is said “To err is human, to forgive divine”. In this light I wish that the shortcomings of the bookwill be forgiven. At the same the author is open to any kind of constructive criticisms and suggestions forfurther improvement. All intelligent suggestions are welcome and the author will try her best to incorporatesuch in valuable suggestions in the subsequent editions of this book.

BHARATI RATHORE

Preface

No task is a single man's effort. Cooperation and Coordination of various peoples at different levels gointo successful implementation of this book.

There is always a sense of gratitude, which every one expresses others for their helpful and needlyservices they render during difficult phases of life and to achieve the goal already set.

It is impossible to thank individually but I am here by making humble effort to thanks some of them.

At the outset I am thankful to the almighty that is constantly and invisibly guiding every body andhave also helped us to work on the right path. We would like to express our sincere feeling of gratitude tothe Prof. S. Bhargava and Prof. Dinesh Sharma, SJM, SOM IIT Mumbai. They always motivate me toachieve high academic excellence.

I am very much thankful to my husband Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Assistant Professor (CSE), GalgotiasCollege of Engg. & Technology, Greater Noida (U.P.), for guiding me. He is the main source of inspirationfor me. Without his help this book is not possible.

I express my sense of gratitude to Mr. A.S. Khan, Production Manager, Asian Books Pvt. Ltd.,whose depth of knowledge, manner of motivation and valuable suggestions has left an everlasting imageon my mind.

I am deeply indebted to my parents, whose friendly suggestions and penetrating criticism has givena direction in completing this text.

I wish my thanks to all my friends and colleagues who helped and kept me motivated for writing thistext.

I also thank the Publisher and the whole staff at Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., for bringing this text in a nicepresentable form.

Finally, I want every one who has directly or indirectly contributed to complete this authentic work.

BHARATI RATHORE

Acknowledgement

MBA 014: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR(MTU and GBTU — Ist Semester)

Max. Hours : 40

UNIT-I (8 Sessions)

Concept, Nature, Characteristics, Conceptual Foundations and Importance, Models of OrganisationalBehaviour, Management Challenge, A Paradigm Shift, Relationship with Other Fields, OrganisationalBehaviour: Cognitive Framework, Behaviouristic Framework and Social Cognitive Framework.

UNIT-II (10 Sessions)

Perception and Attribution: Concept, Nature, Process, Importance. Management and BehaviouralApplications of Perception. Attitude: Concept, Process and Importance, Attitude Measurement. Attitudesand Workforce Diversity. Personality: Concept, Nature, Types and Theories of Personality Shaping,Personality Attitude and Job Satisfaction. Learning: Concept and Theories of Learning.

UNIT-III (10 Sessions)

Motivation: Theories of Motivation: Early and Contemporary views, three level Work MotivationModel, Motivating a Diverse Workforce. Leadership: Style and Theories of Leadership-Trait, Behaviouraland Situational Theories, Leadership Styles in Indian Organisations. Analysis of InterpersonalRelationship, Group Dynamics: Definition, Stages of Group Development, Group Cohesiveness, Formaland Informal Groups, Group Processes and Decision Making, Dysfunctional Groups.

UNIT-IV (12 Sessions)

Organisational Power and Politics: Concept, Sources of Power, Distinction Between Power, Authorityand Influence, Approaches to Power, Political Implications of Power: Dysfunctional Uses of Power.Knowledge Management & Emotional Intelligence in Contemporary Business Organisation,Organisational Change: Concept, Nature, Resistance to change, Managing resistance to change,Implementing Change, Kurt Lewin Theory of Change. Conflict: Concept, Sources, Types, Functionalityand Dysfunctionality of Conflict, Classification of Conflict Intra, Individual, Interpersonal, Intergroupand Organisational, Resolution of Conflict, Meaning and Types of Grievance and Process of GrievanceHandling. Stress: Understanding Stress and Its Consequences, Causes of Stress, Managing Stress.Organisational Culture : Concept, Charactersitics, Elements of Culture, Implications of Organisationculture, Process of Organisational Culture.

MBA 103: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR(MD University, Rohtak, Haryana)

External Marks: 80Internal Marks: 20

Time: 3 hrs.

Course Objective

This course aims to provide insights necessary to understand behavioural processes at individual, teamand organisatinal level enable students to learn how to influence the human behaviour in organisations.

Unit-I

Foundation and background of OB, contemporary challenges-workforce diversity, cross-cultural dynamics,changing nature of managerial work, ethical issues at work, emotional intelligence in contemporarybusiness.

Unit-II

Individual behaviour and processes: individual differences-values and attitudes; Perception-concept,process and applications; Personality-concept, determinants and theories applications; Learning andReinforcement, Stress-symptoms, causes, consequences and management.

Unit-III

Interpersonal and team processes: group behaviour, group development, group dynamics, social loafing;developing teams-self directed work teams, virtual teams; team building; Empowerment-concept,significance, process, prerequisites, Conflict-concept, sources, types, management of conflict, Power-concept, sources, approaches; organisational politics.

Unit-IV

Organisational processes and structure: organisational structure and design, Work and job design;organisational learning; organisational culture; organisational change and development.

Note:

1. Instructions for External Examiner: The question paper shall be divided in two sections.Section ‘A’ shall comprise of eight short answer type questions from whole of the syllabus carryingtwo marks each, which shall be compulsory. Answer to each question should not exceed 50 wordsnormally.

2. Section ‘B’ shall comprise 8 questions (2 questions from each unit). The students will be required toattempt four questions selecting one question from each unit.

3. All questions will carry equal marks.

Session 2012-13

Contents

Preface ................................................................................................................................................ viAcknowledgement ................................................................................................................................... vii

1. Introduction and Foundation of Organisation Behaviour ......................... 1–15

1.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................. 11.2 Origin of Organisational Behavior ...................................................................................... 11.3 Historical Background for Modern Organisational Behaviour ........................................... 21.4 Approaches to Organisational Behaviour ............................................................................ 31.5 The basics of management .................................................................................................. 41.6 Components of Organisation ............................................................................................... 51.7 Characteristics/Features of Organisation ............................................................................. 61.8 Importance/Need/Advantages/Significance of Organisation .............................................. 71.9 Principles of Organisation ................................................................................................... 81.10 Steps in the Process of Organisation ................................................................................... 91.11 Structure of Organisation ................................................................................................... 111.12 Considerations for Building Organisational Structure ...................................................... 121.13 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 131.14 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 131.15 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 14Questions ................................................................................................................................... 15

2. Models of Organisational Behaviour ............................................................ 16–28

2.1 Concept of Organizational Behaviour System ...................................................................... 162.2 Models or Frameworks .......................................................................................................... 162.3 Roles, in the context of Organisational behaviour: ............................................................... 172.4 Contemporary Organizational Behaviour ............................................................................. 202.5 Fundamental Concepts of Organisational Behaviour ............................................................ 212.6 The Theory of Management .................................................................................................. 232.7 Developments in Management and Organisational Behaviour ............................................. 232.8 Postmodernism ...................................................................................................................... 242.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 262.10 Questions for Discussion ....................................................................................................... 262.11 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 26Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 28

xii Organisational Behaviour (Principles, Theory and Practices)

3. Framework of Organisational Behaviour ..................................................... 29–35

3.1 Theoretical Foundation for Organisational Behaviour .......................................................... 293.2 Challenges for Management and Organizational Behaviour ................................................ 303.3 Relationship with Other Fields .............................................................................................. 323.4 Emotional Intelligence In Contemporary business ................................................................ 343.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 343.6 Questions ............................................................................................................................... 343.7 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 35Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 35

4. Perception ............................................................................................................ 36–46

4.1 Meaning and Defination ........................................................................................................ 364.2 Perceptual Selectivity ............................................................................................................ 364.3 Perceptual Organisation ......................................................................................................... 394.4 Process of perception ............................................................................................................. 404.5 Attribution ............................................................................................................................. 414.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 454.7 Questions for Discussion ....................................................................................................... 454.8 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 45Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 46

5. Personality and Emotions .............................................................................. 47–72

5.1 Personality Traits ................................................................................................................... 475.2 Structure of Personality ......................................................................................................... 495.3 Development: Psychosexual Stages ...................................................................................... 505.4 Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives............................................................................... 535.5 Behavioural Perspectives ....................................................................................................... 545.6 Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning ............................................................................................ 545.7 Skinner’s Operant Conditioning ............................................................................................ 565.8 The Power of Reinforcement ................................................................................................. 565.9 Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory ...................................................................................... 575.10 Observational Learning ......................................................................................................... 575.11 Self-Efficacy .......................................................................................................................... 585.12 Sources of Efficacy ................................................................................................................ 615.13 Implications for Efficacy in the Workplace and POB ........................................................... 635.14 Evaluating Behavioural Perspectives .................................................................................... 645.15 Management of Emotions ...................................................................................................... 655.16 Emotional Intelligence ........................................................................................................... 655.17 Managing emotions at Workplace ......................................................................................... 665.18 Coping with Anger ................................................................................................................ 675.19 The Four Branches of Emotional Intelligence ....................................................................... 675.20 A Brief History of Emotional Intelligence ............................................................................ 68

Contents xiii

5.21 Measuring Emotional Intelligence ......................................................................................... 685.22 Performance Cluster for Emotional Intelligence ................................................................... 695.23 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 705.24 Questions for Discussion ....................................................................................................... 705.25 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 71Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 72

6. Learning and Reinforcement ........................................................................... 73–86

6.1 Meaning and Definition ......................................................................................................... 736.2 Theories of Learning ............................................................................................................. 736.3 Principles of Learning ........................................................................................................... 776.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 846.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 846.6 Questions for Discussions ...................................................................................................... 856.7 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 85Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 86

7. A Major Concern: Stress ................................................................................. 87–94

7.1 Meaning and Definition ......................................................................................................... 877.2 The Emergence of Stress ....................................................................................................... 877.3 Causes of Stress ..................................................................................................................... 897.4 Signs and symptoms of stress overload ................................................................................. 917.5 Things that influence your stress tolerance level .................................................................. 927.6 Consequences/Importance of Stress ...................................................................................... 927.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 937.8 Questions for Discussion ....................................................................................................... 937.9 Case Study ............................................................................................................................. 94Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 94

8. Values and Attitudes ....................................................................................... 95–102

8.1 Meaning and Definition ......................................................................................................... 958.2 Implicit and explicit attitudes ................................................................................................ 958.3 Attitude Formation ................................................................................................................ 958.4 Attitudes and its Components ................................................................................................ 968.5 Functions of Attitudes ........................................................................................................... 978.6 Measurement of Attitude ....................................................................................................... 988.7 Attitude and Workforce Diversity ......................................................................................... 998.8 Women in the Workplace .................................................................................................... 1008.9 Race in the Workplace ......................................................................................................... 1008.10 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1018.11 Questions for Discussions .................................................................................................... 1018.12 Case Study ........................................................................................................................... 101Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 102

xiv Organisational Behaviour (Principles, Theory and Practices)

9. Theory of Motivation ..................................................................................... 103–116

9.1 Meaning and Definition ....................................................................................................... 1039.2 Importance of Motivation .................................................................................................... 1039.3 Features of Motivation ......................................................................................................... 1059.4 Advantages of Motivation ................................................................................................... 1069.5 Three Types of Motivation Theory ..................................................................................... 1079.6 Major Theories of Motivation ............................................................................................. 1079.7 Process Theories .................................................................................................................. 1119.8 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1139.9 Questions for Discussion ..................................................................................................... 1149.10 Case Study ........................................................................................................................... 115Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 116

10. Management of Conflict ............................................................................... 117–127

10.1 Meaning and Definition .................................................................................................... 11710.2 Threshold of Conflict ........................................................................................................ 11710.3 Concept of Conflict ........................................................................................................... 11710.4 Functional and Disfunctional Outcomes of Conflict ......................................................... 11810.5 Organisational Conflict ..................................................................................................... 11810.6 Levels of Analysis ............................................................................................................. 11910.7 Sources of Conflict ............................................................................................................ 12010.8 Conflict Management in the New Paradigm/Resolution of Conflict ................................ 12110.9 Understanding the Theory: Conflict Styles ....................................................................... 12210.10 Understanding The Theory: The “Interest-Based Relational Approach” ......................... 12410.11 Using the Tool: A Conflict Resolution Process ................................................................ 12410.12 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 12610.13 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 12610.14 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 126Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 127

11. Leadership Theories with Empowerment and Power ........................... 128–148

11.1 Definition and Meaning of leadership .............................................................................. 12811.2 Leadership versus Management ........................................................................................ 12811.3 Concepts of Leadership ..................................................................................................... 12911.4 Four Factors of Leadership ............................................................................................... 12911.5 The Two Most Important Keys to Effective Leadership .................................................. 13011.6 Leadership Theories .......................................................................................................... 13111.7 Transactional and Transformational Leadership ............................................................... 13711.8 Empowerment ................................................................................................................... 13911.9 Job Enrichment .................................................................................................................. 14011.10 Job Enrichment Techniques .............................................................................................. 14111.11 The Process of Employee Empowerment ......................................................................... 142

Contents xv

11.12 The Six Sub Goals of Employee Empowerment ............................................................... 14211.13 Elements of Empowerment ............................................................................................... 14411.14 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 148Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 148

12. Interpersonal and Team Processes Group Behaviour ......................... 149–177

12.1 Groups ............................................................................................................................... 14912.2 Group Behaviour ............................................................................................................... 14912.3 Nature of Groups ............................................................................................................... 14912.4 The Meaning of a Group and Group Dynamics ................................................................ 15012.5 The Dynamics of Group Formation .................................................................................. 15012.6 Theories of Group Formation............................................................................................ 15112.7 Practicalities of Group Formation ..................................................................................... 15212.8 Types of Groups ................................................................................................................ 15312.9 Implications from Research on Group and Team Dynamics ............................................ 15412.10 Group/Team Effectiveness ................................................................................................ 15612.11 Dysfunctions of Groups and Teams .................................................................................. 15712.12 Why do People Work in Groups? ..................................................................................... 15812.13 Stages of Group Development .......................................................................................... 15912.14 Group Member Resources ................................................................................................. 16212.15 Characteristics of Group ................................................................................................... 16212.16 Group Dynamics in Organizations .................................................................................... 16512.17 Advantages of Group Decisions ........................................................................................ 16612.18 Disadvantages of Group Decisions ................................................................................... 16712.19 Decision-making in Groups .............................................................................................. 16712.20 Team Building ................................................................................................................... 17012.21 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 17612.22 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 17612.23 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 177Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 177

13. Organisational Structure and Design ....................................................... 178–190

13.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 17813.2 Organisational Structure .................................................................................................... 17813.3 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 18813.4 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 19013.5 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 190Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 190

14. Organisational Culture .................................................................................. 191–209

14.1 Meaning and Definition .................................................................................................... 19114.2 Functions of organisational culture ................................................................................... 19114.3 Types of Culture ................................................................................................................ 193

xvi Organisational Behaviour (Principles, Theory and Practices)

14.4 Management’s responsibilities .......................................................................................... 19414.5 Cultural Attributes ............................................................................................................. 19714.6 Cultural Control Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 19814.7 Shared Values .................................................................................................................... 19914.8 Shared Mental Models and Consensual Schema .............................................................. 20014.9 Social Identities ................................................................................................................. 20014.10 How is Culture Developed, Reinforced, and Changed? ................................................... 20114.11 Changing Social Values .................................................................................................... 20114.12 Symbolic Action ................................................................................................................ 20114.13 Selective Hiring ................................................................................................................. 20214.14 Changing Mental Model and Basic Assumptions ............................................................. 20214.15 Work and Job Design ........................................................................................................ 20214.16 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 20714.17 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 20814.18 Case Study ......................................................................................................................... 208Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 209

15. Organisational Change and Development ............................................... 210–215

15.1 Organizational Change and Development ........................................................................ 21015.2 Historical Roots ................................................................................................................. 21015.3 Modern Theoretical Foundation ........................................................................................ 21015.4 What Is Meant by a Learning Organisation? .................................................................... 21115.5 Organisational Behaviour in the Learning Organisation .................................................. 21215.6 Learning Organisations in Action ..................................................................................... 21315.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 21415.8 Questions for Discussion ................................................................................................... 21415.9 Case study ......................................................................................................................... 214Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 215

Multiple Choice Questions .................................................................................. 216–262

Bibl iography ..................................................................................................................... 263

Organizational Behaviour

Publisher : Author :

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/1375

Get this eBook

http://www.kopykitab.com/Organizational-Behaviour

Documents

ORGANISATIONAL B - KopyKitab · PDF fileTypeset at Sara Assignments, Shahdara, Delhi-110032 Printed at Anubha Printers, Greater Noida-201 308 Sales Offices ... AMITY Universities etc.)