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Organic Rankine CyclePower Generation
Pratt & Whitney Power Systems ORC Power Solutions
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ORC Applications
• PWPS / Turboden designs & manufactures Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbogenerators
• 30 years of ORC experience
• Sizes from 1MW to 10 MW an up.
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Heat In – Power Out
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
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ORC THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLETE
MPE
RAT
UR
E
ENTROPYWATER
THERMAL OIL
THERMAL OIL
Evaporator
Pump
Condenser
WATER
Regenerator
Generator
The turbogenerator uses the hot temperature thermal oil to pre-heat and vaporize a suitable organic workingfluid in the evaporator (8 3 4). The organic fluid vapor powers the turbine (4 5), which is directly coupled to theelectric generator through an elastic coupling. The exhaust vapor flows through the regenerator (5 9) where itheats the organic liquid (2 8). The vapor is then condensed in the condenser (cooled by the water flow) (9 61). The organic fluid liquid is finally pumped (1 2) to the regenerator and then to the evaporator, thuscompleting the sequence of operations in the closed-loop circuit.
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EFFICIENCY APPLICATION HEAT CARRIER HEAT RELEASE
Efficiency is a Function of Temperature
Biomass / HeatRecovery / CSP
Thermal Oil590°F
Water80°F
24%
Biomass (CHP) Thermal Oil590°F
Water170°F19%
Heat RecoveryThermal Oil
530°FWater80°F19%
Geothermal / HeatRecovery
Water355°F
Water85°F16%
Geothermal Water220°F
Water50°F10%
Geothermal / HeatRecovery
Water195°F
Air60°F
7.5%
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ORC Configurations
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TD UNITS – MAIN COMPONENTS
7
Evaporator
Preheater
Condenser-Recuperator
Feed Pump
Electric cubicles
Electric generator
ORC turbine
ORC heat input (thermal oil) ORC heat output (hot water)
1 MWe modular ORC unit
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BIOMASS CHP APPLICATIONS
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HIGH OVERALL CHP EFFICIENCIES
100 %
20 %
2 %
78%
Thermal power from thermal oil
Thermal power to heat users
Thermal losses (insulation and generator losses)
Gross electric power
• Gross electric efficiency: nearly 20%• Overall energy efficiency: 98%• Gross electric efficiency: nearly 20%• Overall energy efficiency: 98%
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CHP UNITS – STANDARD SIZES
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Heat Recovery Applications (HR & HRS)
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HEAT RECOVERY APPLICATIONS
Typical limitsGAS
>480°F (250°C)LIQUID
>195°F (90°C)STEAM / VAPOR
Cement
Glass
Oil & Gas
Chemicals
Steel / Non Ferrous
Pulp & Paper
Food
Waste treatment
Thermal Oxidizers
Power generation
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HIGH ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY UNITS
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IC ENGINES: UP TO 10 % ADD’L POWER
ORCTURBODEN
Heat recovery exchanger
gas/thermal oil
Exhaust gas Filters /
Chimney
Heat dissipation system
(dry or wet)
Cooling water circuit
ELECTRIC POWER
Thermaloil circuit
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IC Engine – TYPICAL OUTPUTS
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GAS TURBINES: UP TO 30% ADD’L POWER
Heat recovery
exchanger
Filters / Chimney
Heat dissipation system (dry or wet)
Cooling circuit
ELECTRIC POWER
Gas Turbine
Thermal oil / Steam / Pressurised water
circuits
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ORC suitable for heat recovery in:• Remote/unmanned locations with variable operating loads (ex., gas
compressor stations)• Continuous applications• “Peak load” power stations (easy and fast start-up procedures)
NOTE: Indicative values assumingambient air temperature of 15°C, Gas Turbines operating at nominal load; calculations based on Gas Turbine exhaust gas properties as reported in specific suppliers web sites.
GAS TURBINES – TYPICAL OUTPUTS
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SYSTEM ADVANTAGES
• Completely automated – no operator in most case• Very low O&M Costs• No effect on main power plant operation• Simple Start/Stop procedures• Maintains good efficiency at partial load• Low turbine RPM, low mechanical stress• Can reach efficiencies up to 25%• Do not consume water• Remotely monitored and controlled• Turn-down to 10% of nominal power• Quiet Operation
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Installed Cost
• Installed cost varies widely• ~$1800 – $3000/kW• Depends on:
- Heat quality and Accessibility- Cooling: air/temp, water/humidity- Electrical interconnect - Project location- Labor rates
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Electricity Price for 5yr Payback
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THANK YOU !