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ORGANIC MOLECULES
BYDAWN THOMPSON
Organic molecules
Carbohydrates
CARBOHYDRATES ELEMENTS: C H O H:O = 2:1 BUILDING BLOCKS: monosaccharides (glucose,
simple sugars) FUNCTIONS:1. preferred energy source - glucose/short term glycogen/long term 2. storage material – starch/plants glycogen/animals
3. structural material- cellulose/plant cell wall
chitin/fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton
SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread
End in ose
More carbohydrate info
MonoS: single sugar unit C6H12O6
glucose, fructose DiS: double sugar unit C12H22O11
sucrose. PolyS: many glucose units (C12H10O5)n
arranged differently cellulose, glycogen, starch
Proteins
PROTEIN ELEMENTS: C H O N sometimes P and S BUILDING BLOCKS: amino acids 20 types variable
amino gp carboxyl gp FUNCTIONS: 1. growth and repair 2. enzymes – speed reactions
3. hormones –insulin, controls blood sugar
4. nails, hair, muscle, hemoglobin 5. last resort source of energy
SOURCES: dairy products, peanuts, meat
BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids bond together making proteins.
C—N peptide bond forms between amino acids
Amino acids end in ine or ate
Lipids
LIPIDS ELEMENTS: C H O #H huge compared to O
BUILDING BLOCKS: fatty acids and glycerol (E)
FUNCTIONS: 1. energy source
2. insulation
3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane
SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat
Other info about lipids Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid Insoluble Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids
with single bonds along C chain, animal lipids. Not good, solid.
Unsaturated fats: contain double bond/s along C chain. Plant lipids, good, liquid.
Waxes Phospholipids Steroids: cholesterol
Nucleic acids
NUCLEIC ACIDS ELEMENTS: C H O P BUILDING BLOCKS: nucleotides
Sugar+phosphate+N base
FUNCTIONS: 1. genetic blueprints 2. transferring information
EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA,