Single sugar unit Empirical formula: C:H 2 :O Glucose (C 6 H 12
O 6 ) Fructose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5 ) 2 linked
sugar units Ex: Sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) Lactose (C 12 H 22 O 11
)
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a large molecule made up of many sugar subunits Examples:
Starcha molecule plants use to store energy Cellulosemake up plant
cell walls Glycogena molecule animals use to store energy in
blood
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Organic Molecule Name Structure of monomer/subunits Structure
of polymer Functions Elements Monomer name & Examples Polymer
name & Examples
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Obtain Carbon molecules, construction paper, glue/tape,
scissors Cut out all monosaccharide shapes along solid lines
Monosaccharide: glue one glucose to paper Dehydration synthesis:
cut out the H and OH to make space for the new bond. Make a water
molecule: Attach H-OH, glue to paper. Make disaccharide: Attach
subunits, glue to paper Repeat for polysaccharide
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1. Enzymes (protein catalysts)speed up chemical reactions 2.
Transport proteinsallow chemicals to enter/exit cells through the
cell membrane 3. Antibodiesfight off disease 4.
Communicationhormones (insulin), Growth Factors, other signals 5.
Structural proteinsfound in hair, muscle, tendons
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There are 20 amino acids that make up human proteins.
Amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids. The
sequence is specific for each protein
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If you change the shape, you will affect the function (either
making it less efficient, or totally dysfunctional)
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alpha helice : beta sheet :
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1. Energy Storage: Triglycerides in blood stores 2X more energy
than starch 2. Cell Membrane Components: Phospholipids &
cholesterol 3. Sex Hormones: steroids, including testosterone and
estrogen 4. Insulation: fat provides warmth and organ cushioning 5.
Water proofing: Oils and Waxes waterproof leaves and water
animals
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Glycerol +3 Fatty Acid Chains HHHHHH
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Saturated fatty acids: all single bonds straight chain solid at
room temp Unsaturated fatty acids: At least one double bond in one
of the chains Bent chain Liquid at room temp ** The triglyceride
above is an unsaturated fatit has one fatty acid chain with a
double bond (bent chain) **
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Phospholipids: Change one of the chains to a phosphate group
Steroids: Four fused carbon rings, honeycomb structure
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1. What is the primary function of lipids? 2. Which is NOT an
example of a lipid: a) Glucose b) Cholesterol c) Testosterone d)
Phospholipid 3. What subunits make up a lipid? 4. Why dont lipids
mix with water? 5. What are the differences between a saturated fat
and an unsaturated fat?
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DNA must remain inside the nucleus RNA can leave the nucleus
and go into the cytplasm
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MonomerPolymer Carb Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Front: Draw
monomer & Polymer structures. Write examples for each. Back:
Identify functions & examples with descriptions Summarize your
Knowledge