Organic Farming Qta

8/10/2019 Organic Farming Qta

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Organic Farming

Getting backl to nature!


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FiBL, Research Institute of

Organic Agriculture, Switzerland


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Worldwide

Certified

organicfarmland

22mh

in over

100

countries

2004

Worldwide Certified organic farmland

22mh

in over

100 countries

2004


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x

Farmer

Market

Consumer

Develop right strategies for supporting

the driving forces


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Formal Definition of Organic Farming

Organic farming is an ecological productionmanagement system that promotes and

enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and

soil biological activity. It is based on minimal

use of off-farm inputs and on managementpractices that restore, maintain and enhance

ecological harmony. (National

OrganicStandards Board, 1998)


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Organic farming is based on less inputs, better market demand due to

having environmental and social concerns.It also based on local resources and technologies that provide farmer

better independence

and more control over their means of production.

Environmental impacts of organic farming are:

IMprovement of soil biological activity.

Improvement of physical characteristics of soil.

Reducing nitrate leaching.

Increasing and improving wild life habitant.


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Insect-controlling Plants.

Plants of pest control should posses the following characteristics:

Be effective at the rate of max 3-5% plant material based on dry weight.

Be easy to grow, require little space and time for cultivation and procurement.

Be perennial.

Recover quickly after the material is harvested.

Not to became weed or a host to plant pathogen or insect pest.

Possess complementary economic uses.

Pose no hazard to non-target organisms, wild life, humans or environment.

Be easy to harvest.

Preparation should be simple, to too time consuming or requiring too high atechnical input.

Application should not be phytotoxic or decrease the quality of crop, e.g., taste or

texture.


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Species Plant parts with

insect controlling

properties

Mode of action Target pest

Soursop

Custard apple

(Annona reticulata)

Seeds, leaves, unripe

fruit.

Contact and stomach

problem, ovicidal,

insecticidal, repellent,

antifeedent and

antinematode.

Aphid, caterpillars, Green bug,

Mediterranean fruit fly.

Basil.

Sweet Basil (Ocimum

basilium), Holy Basil

(Ocimum Sanctum).

Leaves and stem. Repellent, insecticidal,

fungitoxic and mollu

scicidol.

Fruit fly, leaf miners, red spider and

mites.

Chillies. Fruit Stomach position

insecticidal, repellent,

antifeedent, fumigant-

viroid.

Ants, aphid, caterpillars and slugs.


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G li B lb I ti id l ll t A hid h fli it hit fl


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Garlic.

Allium Sativum (Fam.

Lilaceqe).

Bulbs. Insecticidal, repellent,

antifeedent, fungicidal,

nematocidal and

effective against ticks.

Aphids, house flies, mites, white fly,

bacteria, cucumber and scab.

Ginger.

Zingber officiale (Fam.

Zingiberacae).

Rhizome. Repellent, insecticidal,

nematocidal and

fungicidal.

American bowl worms, aphid, thrips,

white fly, and mango anthracnose.

Neem. Seeds and leaves. Insecticidal, repellent,

antifeedant acaricidal,

growth inhibiting

nematocidal, fungicidal,

anti-viral. Neem

compounds act mainly

as stomach poison andsystemic.

American boll-worms, ants, deserts,

locust, leaf hoppers, leaf miners, mites,

scales, termites, thrips, white fly.

Papaya.

Carcia papaya.

Leaves, seed, unripe

and fruit.

Flower thrips and fruit

fly.

Mosaic virus and powdery mildew.

Tobacco.

Nicotana tabacum,Nicotana Rustica,

Nicotana glutnosa, and

Fam. Solanaceae.

Leaves and stalk. Insecticida, repellent,

fungicidal, acaricidalcontact, and stomach.

Aphids, caterpillars, leaf miners, mites

and thrips.

Tumeric.

Curcum domstica (Fam.

Zigiberaceoe).

Rhizome. Repellent, insecticidal

and antifungal.

Aphids, caterpillars, mites and rice leaf

hoppers.


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Textural Classes


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Nutrients Forms Absorbed by PlantsNutrients Cations Anions Fertilizer Carriers

N (Most Mobile) NH4+ NO3

- NH4NO3CO(NH2)2

P (Mobile) H 2PO4-, H PO4

2+ NH4HPO4, CaH2PO4

K (Mobile) K+ KCL, KNO3, K2SO4

Ca (Relatively immobile) Ca2+ CaCO3, Mg CO3

Mg (Mobile) Mg2+ MgO, MgSO4, 7H2

S (Relatively immobile) SO 2+ Ca SO4.2H2O

Fe (Relatively immobile) Fe2+ FeSO4.9H2O

Cu (Relatively immobile) Cu2+ CuSO4.5H2O

Zn (Low Mobility) Zn2+ Zn SO4.H2O

Mn (Moderately mobile) Mn2+ MnO, MnSO4. 2H

2O

Mo (relatively mobile) MoO4 Na2MoO4.2H2O

B (Relatively immobile) BO33+ B2O3

Cl (Mobile) Cl

Na (Mobile) Na

Silicon (Not reported) S (OH)

Fertilizers analysis


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Fertilizers analysis

Common name Grade or Analysis (%)

N P2O5 K2O Sulphur

Nitrogenous fertilizers

Urea 46 0 0 0

Ammonium sulphate 21 0 0 24

Calcium ammoniumNitrate (CAN)

26 0 0 0

Phosphatic fertilizers

Single Superphosphate (SSP) 0 18 0 12

Triple superphosphate (TSP) 0 46 0 1.5

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18 46 0 0

MonoammoniumPhosphate (MAP)

11 52 0 2

Potassic fertilizers

Sulphate of potash (SOP) 0 0 50 18Muriate of potash (MOP) 0 0 60 0

Complex fertilizers

Nitrophosphate(Nitrophos)

23 23 0 0

Complete NPKs 15 15 15 5

10 20 20 6.8


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Managanes defeciency Interveinal

chlorosis

young and

spur

leaves

Magnesium -- Apples


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Magnesium Apples

Deficiency

Interveinal

chlorosis to

necrosis

Oldest leaves

affected first

Drop of oldest

leaves

Enhanced

fruit ripening

and drop

Input to soilComponent Loss from soil


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The Sulfur Cycle

Animal

manuresand biosolids

Mineral

fertilizers

Crop

harvest

Runoff and

erosion

Leaching

Absorbed or

mineral sulfur

Plant

residues

Plant

uptake

Sulfate

Sulfur

(SO4)

Atmospheric

sulfur

Elemental

sulfur

Organicsulfur

Reduced sulfur

Volatilization

Atmosphericdeposition

-



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The Potassium Cycle

Animal

manures

and biosolids

Mineral

fertilizers

Crop

harvest

Runoff and

erosion

Leaching

Soil solution

potassium (K+)

Plantresidues

Plant

uptake

Mineral

potassium

Fixed

potassium

Exchangeable

potassium



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The Phosphorus Cycle

Animal

manuresand biosolids Mineral

fertilizers

Crop

harvest

Runoff and

erosion

Leaching

(usually minor)

Organic phosphorus

Microbial

Plant residue

Humus

Primary

minerals

(apatite)

Plant

residues

Plant

uptake

Soil solution

phosphorus

HPO4-2

H2PO4-1

Secondary

compounds(CaP, FeP, MnP, AlP)

Mineral

surfaces

(clays, Fe and

Al oxides,carbonates)

Atmospheric

deposition

The Nitrogen Cycle



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The Nitrogen Cycle

Atmospheric

nitrogen

Atmosphericfixation

and deposition

Animal

manures

and biosolids

Industrial fixation(commercial fertilizers)

Cropharvest

Volatilization

Denitrification

Runoff and

erosion

Leaching

Organic

nitrogen

Ammonium

(NH4)

Nitrate

(NO3)

Plant

residues

Biological

fixation by

legume plants Plant

uptake

-+


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Our purpose to produce compost is to develop ecologically sound solution to


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utilise wastes, by cheapest methods and provide environmental friendly way to

produce valuable fertiliser for crop production.

Panhwar fruit farm is located 25-37'N and 68-36'E of Hyderabad, where we start

using our own compost on 100 acres (42 hectares) fruit orchards. We made

compost by putting following things together. There are:

1 cubic meter = 35.2 cubic feet - sawdust.

Urea= 1 kg.

Triple phosphate = 1 kg.

Potassium sulphate = 1 kg.

CuSO4 = 200 grams.

ZnSO4 = 250 grams.

FeSO4 = 250 grams.

MnSO4 = 150 grams.

Boron = 150 grams.

Beneficial Insects can play an


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important role

Lacewing larvae on sunflower

head

Ladybird beetle

adult


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Documents

Organic Farming Qta