ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The Chemistry of LIFE!!

All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds:

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids

**All contain**: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

1. Carbohydrates

• All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio

• Functions: Energy & structural support

• Exist as:a. Monosaccharides

b. Disaccharides

c. polysaccharides

a. Monosaccharide“simple sugar”

3 Forms1. Glucose - made by plants;

source of energy

2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!!

3. Galactose – found in milk

These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures.

b. Disaccharide“double sugar”

3 Forms1. Sucrose – Table Sugar

glucose + fructose

2. Maltose - Malt Sugar glucose + glucose

3. Lactose – Milk Sugarglucose + galactose

•How do monosaccharides form disaccharides?

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

c. Polysaccharide“Many Sugars”

3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose.

1. Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles)

2. Starch - Energy storage in plants (Roots, Stems, Leaves)

3. Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell(Fiber Prevents Colon Cancer)

Pectin & Carrageenan