Organic ChemistryCarbon-based molecules – What we are made of!

Learning Focus• Describe the structure of important

biochemical compound – carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids and explain their function within the cells

• Identify common functional groups within biological molecules, and explain their contributions to the function of each molecule.

• Identify and describe the main types of biochemical reactions: acid-base, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and condensation

• Draw 3D molecular models of important biochemical compounds.

Carbon – Central Element of LifeBackbone of all organic moleculesCarbon forms four chemical bonds:

Source:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Ch4-structure.png

Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Methane-2D-stereo.svg

The Role of Carbon Backbone of all organic molecules

Can form long chains, ring structures, and complex 3D shapes

Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Maitotoxin.png

The Role of CarbonCarbon’s bonds can be single, double or

tripleSource:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethane-2D.png Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethene_structural.svg

Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Acetylene-2D.png

Which bond do you think takes more energy to break?

Types of Organic MoleculesOrganic compounds with only Hydrogen and Carbon

are called HydrocarbonsHydrocarbon types:

Alkanes (single bonds)Alkenes (double bonds)Alkynes (triple bonds)

Hydrocarbon = non-polar covalent

Other organic compounds are classified by their functional group

Acetylene

Functional groupsA group of atoms within an organic compound that

give the compound it’s characteristic chemical and physical properties is called a functional group

Functional groups are where much of the bonding i.e. reactions) takes place in biological molecules.

They are attached to the carbonbackbone of organic molecules

Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FG-vs-moiety.png

Common Functional groups

Skeletal Organic MoleculesIllustrations that “assume” hydrogen

Example:

Practice QuestionsIdentify the circled functional groups

• Identify as many functional groups as you can:

• Read pg. 26 on bonding capacity• Pg 27 – Understanding concepts - Practice

• Bonding capacity – Tip• One way to remember the bonding capacity of

the most 4 common elements in order is through the acronym HONC (pronounced “HONK”).

• H = 1, O = 2, N = 3, C = 4