Oregon Leaf — December 2014

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M91 WINS55.97% OF VOTE!

LEGALIZATION LEGALIZATION PASSES IN OREGON, ALASKA, D.C.

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EDITOR’S NOTE......................9 NATIONAL NEWS....................10ECONOMY........................18 CONCENTRATES.......................36 CORVALLIS ACCESS....................38 PORTLAND ACCESS....................40 HEALTH & SCIENCE.....................44BOTANICAL.........................46 FOLIAR FEEDING.......................52BEHIND THE STRAIN..................54

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Drug War PrisonersThe Human Solution’s dispatch

National News

16 Legal PerspectiveHow Measure 91 affects you

Steve Elliott with the roundup

Grow Tech Tips

Grower’s Gift GuideGive a loved one something nice

How to feed your babies

Tasty ReviewsTesting a 1:1 THC to CBD tincture

Holiday RecipesMedicated chocolate bark

contents DECEMBER 2014

CONTENTS PHOTOS BY DANIEL BERMAN/OREGON LEAF

COVER PHOTO by BOB MONTOYA for Oregon Leaf Northern Oregon Schnozberry

OREGON LEAF

Christians & CannabisOne man’s journey toward acceptance 50

On election day, voters from across the nation sent a resounding message of support for access to marijuana. They voted in measures for outright legalization and access to medical marijuana and decriminalization andrenewed reform of unreasonable drug arrests. Reporter Steve Elliott analyzes this year’s biggest changes.14

PROFILE Legalization

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REHASHEDNectar Cannabis in Portland gave away an ounce of medicinal cannabis to any veteran who walked in on Veterans Day, Nov.11, 2014. A veteran who declined to give his name came with his dog to take the offer.

DECEMBER 2014editor’s note

founder & editor-in-chief

Wes Abney

Daniel Bermanphotographer & designer

contributorsSARAH AITCHISONSAM BERESFORDSTEVE ELLIOTT WILL FERGUSON CARL KIILSGAARD JACOB NEWTON DR. SCANDERSONDR. SCOTT D. ROSEBEAU R. WHITNEYLAURIE WOLF & BRUCE WOLF

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Contact oregon Leaf editor Wes Abney to discuss advertising or displaying our magazine in a new location. We want to hear from you! Feel free to send submissions, share news tips, your take on a story or one we should hear. Phone 206-235-6721 Email [email protected]

JACOB THOM Oregon Director of [email protected] 503-516-5934

Department of CorrectionsOur November 2014 Strain of the Month story ended early in error. It should have said that “you can’t go wrong with this tasty, heady strain.” Pg. 14 (Hempstalk) was labeled as pg. 12.

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owe a congratulations to the voters of Oregon! What a great victory for the state and for the world! Legalization of

Cannabis has always been a dream of mine, and Oregon has taken a huge step in the right direction. Every adult in the state can now grow up to four plants recreationally. This is freedom. This is progress! Washington state made several major mistakes when it “legalized” pot, and people are still going to jail and prison in that state for possession of over one ounce or even a single plant of seed. It’s not even legal to share a joint with a friend. Disgraceful. Oregon has taken a negative to a positive, with reasonable regulation and taxation that will cause a whole new industry to grow. Pardon the pun. That all being said, I do have a warning of sorts for all the patients in Oregon. Do not let legalization fool you. This plant is medicine!

There is so much more to this amazing plant that we have not discovered yet, and we need to continue moving forward to treat the sick and dying people of the world. We need to keep performing research into the medicinal properties of Cannabis. We must not be content to simply just get high. Remember that Cannabis will never be truly legal until we can all grow the plant without fear of prosecution. Let’s keep fighting to make that a reality for all peoples, in all states, from all countries. Thanks for reading the Oregon Leaf, and caring about Cannabis, a gift to the world, and one worth sharing. So this holiday season, do the right thing — happily skip Black Friday and head straight for a green holiday. Cheers,

Thank you for checking out the 6th issue of oregon leaf!

Legalization is an important step but not the only one

WES ABNEY, EDITOR

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Almost 700,000 pot arrests last year

ccording to the annual Uniform Crime Report released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, some 693,481 arrests

were made nationwide for marijuana in 2013. More than 87 percent of those arrests were for possession, which means someone was arrest-ed for marijuana possession every 51 seconds in the United States. The same report last year showed that 749,842 marijuana arrests were made in 2012. “We’re pleased to see the drop, but arrest-ing even one adult for using a substance that is objectively less harmful than alcohol is in-excusable,” said Mason Tvert, director of com-munications for the Marijuana Policy Project. “Every year we see millions of violent crimes attributed to alcohol, and the evidence is clear that marijuana is not a significant contributing factor in such incidents. Yet our laws continue to steer adults toward drinking by threatening to punish them if they make the safer choice. These arrest numbers demonstrate that the threat is very real. “Law enforcement officials should be spend-ing their time and resources addressing serious crimes, not arresting and prosecuting adults for using marijuana,” Tvert said. “Every year, these statistics show hundreds of thousands of marijuana-related arrests are taking place and countless violent crimes are going unsolved. We have to wonder how many of those crimes could be solved — or prevent-ed — if police weren’t wasting their time en-forcing failed marijuana prohibition laws. “A majority of Americans think Cannabis should be legal for adults and treated similarly to alcohol,” Tvert said. “Voters in four states and the District of Co-lumbia have now passed laws that reflect that, and we expect several more will do over the next few years. It’s time for our laws to catch up with public opinion.”

The disturbing total flies in the face of clear support for marijuana across the U.S.

A

FBI report

hairwoman Sharon Foster, who’s been on the Liquor board six years, said she won’t seek another term while member and for-

mer state Sen. Chris Marr will leave his post in Jan-uary, the former Spokane auto dealer announced. In a statement to Gov. Jay Inslee, fellow board members and Board Executive Direc-tor Rick Garza, Marr thanked them all for their hard work over the past two years during which the state worked to im-plement the legalized, recreational use of Canna-bis, reports Jim Boldt at Cannabis Wire. Marr said he will pursue lobbying. He leaves the board at probably its second most important juncture — the real possibility of legislative action

The Washington State Liquor Control Board is responsible for implementing I-502’slegal recreational pot market. Now two of the board members are calling it quits.

C to blend the medical marijuana law with the state’s recreational use law. “Little did I know … that marijuana would be legalized and we’d have to build this whole market from scratch,” Marr said.

The departures leave the board with an institutional knowledge shortage, ac-cording to Cannabis Wire, and only one remaining member, Ruthann Kurose, who worked through the

implementation of Initiative 502. Those involved in Cannabis policy mention former state Rep. Lynn Kessler and former state Sen. Tracey Eide as possible replacement candidates.

Out of Time

marr leaves the boardat probably its second-most important juncture.‘‘

WSLCB Chairwoman Sharon Foster and member Chris Marrlisten to public comment on proposed changes under Initiative 502,

at a packed meeting Nov. 13, 2013 at Saint Martin’s University in Lacey, Wash.

national STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

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QuotedI DON’T THINK ANYONE IN THE INDUSTRY IS LOOKING TO MAKE PRODUCTS FOR CHILDREN, AND WE

RESENT THIS IDEA THAT PEOPLE AREN’T RESPONSIBLE FOR [WHAT] THEY BRING INTO THEIR HOME.-Elyse Gordon, owner of Better Baked, a Denver company that makes edible pot products including teas, energy bars and candies, according toan article in The New York Times last month reporting that the state plans to institute new restrictive measures to keep Cannabis away from kids. ‘‘

The first auction for Cannabis was held in Wash-ington, where I-502 producer Fireweed Farms sold 600+ pounds of flower to state licensed retailers.600

$34 million worth of pot plants, according to Nevada law enforcement, was seized in a raid in Nye County. More than 8,900

plants were cut down in total in a huge blow to that illegal grow.8,900

ccording to The New York Times, under a new plan from the Bill de Blasio administration to end

low-level marijuana possession arrests in New York City, those found with small amounts of marijuana would be issued a court summons and immediately released. This would be a shift from the current arrest practice, where police charge people with a misdemeanor — the person is then handcuffed, taken to the precinct and held for hours, fingerprinted and photographed, and eventually released with a court date and a virtually permanent arrest record. Ending arrests for marijuana possession is a constructive step towards reform, yet many questions and concerns about the new proposal remain. The new proposal comes on the heels of a recently released report by the Drug Policy Alliance and the Marijuana Arrest Research Project, which an-alyzed marijuana arrest and income data. It shows that low-income communities of color face dramatically higher rates of ar-rest for marijuana possession than do white communities of every class bracket. Most of those arrested are young men of color, even though young white men use

600,000 people have

been arrested in 20 years.‘‘

A

Mayor announces plan toend low-level pot arrests

New York

The charges would usually follow an illegal search and stop and frisk practices

marijuana at higher rates. And last month, a federal circuit ruling opened the way to com-mence long-awaited reforms to NYPD’s stop-and-frisk practices. New York state decriminalized personal pos-session of small amounts of marijuana in 1977, finding that arresting people for small amounts of marijuana “needlessly scars thousands of lives while detracting from the prosecution of seri-ous crimes.” Yet over the past 20 years, marijuana posses-sion has become a top law enforcement priority, with nearly 600,000 people having been arrest-ed under this provision in New York City alone. This was often as the result of an illegal search or as the result of a stop-and-frisk encounter. That’s when police illegally search a person or demand an individual “empty their pockets,” thus exposing marijuana to public view, which

is then a crime. The proposal un-derscores the need for statewide leg-islation that will fix problems with New York’s mari-

juana possession law and address the legacy of injustice associated with these broken policies — like the Fairness and Equity Act (Camara (A.10175)/Squadron (S.7927)) introduced ear-lier this year.

Quick Hits!

Police in Springfield, Panama caught Johnny Vihn Nguyen, 25, and Sarah Joanna Mills, 25 in the process of making over 30 pounds of synthetic pot, mixing

chemicals like acetone and bath salts with over the counter herbs.30

Tax percentage on recreational Cannabis proposed by Fairview, OR Mayor Mike Weatherby, a controversial move given that the state’s recreational law expressly

prohibits local taxes from targeting Cannabis sales.40

1.1 Federal agents in Massachusetts found over 1.1 million dollars in cash and 118 pounds of finished Cannabis in a raid that resulted in no arrests,

but surely one broke and pissed off dealer.

The amount in grams that New Yorkers are allowed to possess but not smoke under new decriminalization laws, which “Saturday Night Live” satirized in a recent

skit about the hypocrisy of possession-but-not-smoking laws. 25

33 Age of Michael Barboza, who attacked another driver in a road rage incident wielding a rake, a move that lead Boston PD to discover his single Cannabis plant.

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national STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinionnational STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

Active DoobieSoldiers in legal states must continue to pass regular drug tests

ith the number of states where marijua-na is now legal reaching four (plus the District of Columbia), the U.S. military

is still trying to enforce 20th century drug policies of zero tolerance toward Cannabis, despite shifting public opinion. Alaska, Oregon and the District of Columbia have joined Colorado and Washington as legal ha-vens for weed, but the Army has gone to great pains to remind troops that state law doesn’t help service-men who smoke pot, reports RT.com. The military is governed by federal laws, under which marijuana possession remains a criminal of-fense; use or possession of Cannabis also remains a crime under the Uni-form Code of Military Justice and can result in court martial. Each branch of the military claims to keep troops off marijuana by fre-quent drug testing and stiff penalties for those who test positive. According to Army testing data recently obtained by the Washington Times, 30,836 of the 41,000 soldiers stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord south of Tacoma were tested in fiscal 2014; that’s about 75 percent. Meanwhile, at Fort Carson, Colorado, all 26,000 active duty personnel were tested. The number of soldiers testing positive for pot at Lewis-McChord

W dropped from 315 in fiscal 2012 to 250 in fiscal 2013, according to Army data. The number of sol-diers testing positive for pot at Fort Carson also dropped over the same period, from 365 to 254. “The results of our continued drug testing demon-strate the commitment soldiers have to the Army profession, regardless of a state’s legalization of marijuana,” Army spokesman Lt. Col. Benjamin Garrett said. “With 98 percent of the Army population testing negative for illicit drugs, soldiers demon-strate their ability to take responsibility for themselves, reinforcing the fact that our drug

testing program is working.” Cases have already occurred of spouses of military service members getting stopped by base guards while driving on base, where marijuana legally autho-rized by a physician under state law can get the soldier in trouble under federal law. Civilians caught bringing mar-

ijuana onto military bases face federal legal action regardless of state law. For spouses that can mean getting kicked out of base housing; some can lose their jobs on base. Army Times reports that spous-es who smoke legal marijuana “would be putting their service member in a bad situation.”

The military is still governed by federal laws under which marijuana possessionremains a criminal offense, and a crimethat could resultin a court martial.

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eptember’s Hempstalk Festival was a well-organized, orderly event, where plenty of information about the Can-

nabis hemp plant and its many uses was dis-seminated by activists and speakers, along with bands, vendors and bounteous opportu-nities for people-watching. What I did not see — and I attended the entire two-day festival — were people smok-ing or selling weed inside the event. Portland parks officials waited only a day after Oregon’s historic vote to legalize mar-ijuana under Measure 91 to mail a letter to Hempstalk organizer Paul Stanford. It was a firm denial of his request to have next year’s festival at Portland’s Tom McCall Waterfront Park, or any other public property. City officials claim attendees smoked mar-ijuana at the event and that organizers were “unable or unwilling to intervene,” but Stan-ford told me that when parks officials told him they’d seen someone selling marijuana inside the event, he told them to throw the guy out immediately. “While they did throw out the person in question, now they are trying to claim that we were somehow associated with him — and frankly, I believe the guy was a plant,” Stan-ford told this magazine. The denial of a 2015 permit is the latest development in a saga that includes rejection of the 2014 event, an unprecedented appeal, a Portland City Council debate about the deci-sion, and a convoluted permitting process that ended days before the two-day event. Stanford had described Waterfront Park, home of Hempstalk, as “the only place” in Portland where people wouldn’t be using pot. “This is all about the police and the prohibi-tionist reactionaries, who are attacking us for any reason they can find,” said Stanford, who has attorneys filing an appeal to the city. “We will prevail, we will never surrender.”

SCity denies permit for 2015 in latest stunt

Portlandkeeps on harassingHempstalk

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Portlandkeeps on harassingHempstalk

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national STEVE ELLIOTT is the editor behind tokesignals.com, an independent blog of Cannabis news and opinion

country has accelerated the mo-mentum to legalize marijuana and end the wider drug war. Marijuana legalization measures

were voted in last month in Oregon, Alaska and Washington, D.C., while groundbreaking criminal justice reforms passed in California and New Jersey. “This Election Day was an extraordinary one for the marijuana and criminal justice reform move-ments,” said Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance. “Oregon proved that Colorado and Washington were no flukes. “Washington, D.C., voters sent a powerful mes-sage to Congress that federal marijuana prohibition has no place in the nation’s capital,” he said. “Voters in Florida and Guam demonstrated that medical marijuana could win big even in fairly con-

Our servative jurisdictions. California and New Jersey revealed an electorate eager to reduce prison popu-lations and the prison industrial complex. “These victories are even more notable for having happened in a year when Democrats were trounced at the polls,” Nadelmann added. “Reform of marijuana and criminal justice poli-cies is no longer just a liberal cause but a conserva-tive and bipartisan one as well. On these issues at least, the nation is at last coming to its senses.” November’s successes will boost efforts underway in California, Massachusetts, Maine, Nevada and Arizona to end Canna-prohibition in 2016. A wider spectrum of drug policy reforms was on the ballot this November than ever before in U.S. history, on everything from sentencing and bail re-form to decriminalization, MMJ and legalization.

alaskaAlaska is becoming the first “red” state and the fourth nationally to approve the legal regula-tion of marijuana. Ballot Measure 2 has 11,391 votes separating the “yes” and “no” votes — up an additional 1,767 votes from election night. Drug Policy Alliance supported this initiative with assistance on the drafting, and financial and other support.

CaliforniaCalifornia voters took a significant step toward ending mass incarceration and the war on drugs by approving Proposition 47. On the heels of reforming the state’s three-strikes law in the 2012 election, Californians overwhelmingly voted to change six low-level, nonviolent offenses – including simple drug possession – from felonies to misdemeanors. Drug Policy Alliance helped draft the ini-tiative and provided financial support for the campaign, Nadelmann said.

fLORIDAFifty-seven percent of voters in Florida ap-proved Amendment 2 to legalize medical mar-ijuana, a ballot initiative that makes Florida,

November’s successes will boost the efforts underway in California, Massachusetts, Maine, Nevada and Arizona to end Canna-prohibition in the next elections.

ACROSS THE NATION, PEOPLE ARE DEMANDING

LEGALIZATION!NEW RECREATIONAL


with its huge population and bellwether status in American politics, the very first state in the South to see a majority vote for mmj. Despite that 56% vote of support, it won’t be en-acted into law because Florida requires 60 percent to pass a ballot initiative. No other state does. There may not yet be a medical Cannabis law in Florida, but these results send a powerful message through-out the South — and through Capitol Hill.

guamGuam’s medical marijuana initiative won by 56 percent, making it the first U.S. territory to ap-prove such a law. Guam is conservative politically, and home to a significant U.S. military presence, so this resounding victory is another confirmation of medical marijuana’s broad support across the political spectrum. Drug Policy Action support-ed this initiative with assistance on its drafting.

NEW JERSEY Voters there approved Public Question No. 1 to re-form New Jersey’s bail system. This will reduce the number of people behind bars for low-level drug law violations and ushers in broader bail reform because it is linked to comprehensive legislation, already signed by the governor, that overhauls the state’s broken bail system. DPA’s New Jersey office played a pivotal role in this campaign.

new mexicoIn New Mexico, voters in Santa Fe and Berna-lillo counties voiced overwhelming support for marijuana decriminalization. Both the Santa Fe

and Bernalillo county ballots asked voters wheth-er they supported decriminalization of 1 ounce or less of marijuana at a city, county and state level. The passage of the advisory questions proves that voters in both counties want to decriminalize small amounts of marijuana. While this doesn’t change current law, it is a vital step in ensuring elected of-ficials know where New Mexicans stand on this issue. Bernalillo and Santa Fe counties represent one-third of the state’s population.

OREGON

Oregon voters overwhelmingly elected to make their state the third in the nation to legally regulate the production, distribution and sale of marijua-na. Passage of Measure 91 accelerates the nation-wide momentum in favor of legalizing marijuana. Like the historic laws adopted in Colorado and neighboring Washington two years ago, this new law will legalize possession of small amounts of marijuana for adults 21 and older and create a statewide system to regulate production and sales. DPA’s lobbying arm, Drug Policy Action, was the single largest donor to the Oregon campaign and was deeply involved in the measure’s drafting and on-the-ground campaign.

Washington, D.C.Voters in the District of Columbia have approved Initiative 71, a ballot initiative that legalizes posses-sion of up to 2 ounces of marijuana for adults over the age of 21 and allows individuals to grow up to six marijuana plants in their home. D.C. laws have prevented the ballot initiative from addressing the taxation and sale of marijuana,

but officials there are considering a bill that would tax, regulate and strictly control the sale of marijuana to adults. The Drug Policy Alliance and Drug Policy Action provided significant financial assis-tance and played a leadership role in the Ini-tiative 71 campaign — coordinating efforts around coalition building, voter outreach and advising on the drafting of the law, said Ma-lik Burnett, the initiative’s campaign co-chair. This was the first legalization campaign in which the racial bias of marijuana enforce-ment played a major role. And it won with 69 percent of the vote — only 30 percent of voters cast ballots against the measure, and in only one of the city’s 143 precincts were there more votes against it than for it.

NEW RECREATIONAL

NEW RECREATIONAL

5 States with legalized recreational marijuana Alaska, Colorado, Oregon,Washington state and D.C.

23States (and d.c.)

with legalizedmedical marijuana

AlaskaArizona

California Colorado

ConnecticutD.C.

DelawareHawaiiIllinoisMaine

MarylandMassachusetts

MichiganMinnesotaMontanaNevada

New Hamp.New Jersey

New MexicoNew York

OregonRhode Island

VermontWashington

M91 WINS55.97% OF VOTE!


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OPINION

The author is a Portland attorney specializing in medical and recreational marijuana law. www.paulloneylaw.com

1) WILL THE OREGON LIQUOR CONTROL COMMISSION ALLOW INVESTMENT BY NON-OREGON RESIDENTS? Measure 91 is silent as to residency requirements. Some people are advocating that the OLCC adopt require-ments that will require that licensees be residents of Oregon for a period of time prior to submitting an appli-cation. Oregon is witnessing out-of-state investors buying property or Cannabis-related businesses. Some people feel we should protect the mom and pop businesses, the pioneers of the recreational market. Others are excited about allowing out-of-state investment opportunities. Should the OLCC protect Orego-nians or allow a free flow of commerce?

2) IS EVERYONE REALLY ABLE TO NOW GROW FOUR CANNABIS PLANTS? No. First, this measure is limited to people 21 years of age and older. Second, there is a limit of four plants per household no matter the number of adults living in the household. Lastly, if you live within 1,000 feet of a school, you are unable to grow your four plants under Measure 91.

3) WILL THE OLCC LIMIT THE NUMBER OF RETAIL LICENSES IT GRANTS? Measure 91 allows the OLCC to take into account public interest or convenience, and seasonal fluctuations in populations, when deciding to issue licenses. This allows the OLCC to provide enough licenses to serve the needs of a population during peak seasons. This measure allows the OLCC to consider saturation issues and potentially limit the number of retail licenses based on population.

4) ARE LICENSED COMMERCIAL GROWERS ALLOWED TO GROW UNDER THE OMMP? Measure 91 is silent on this issue. However, this issue will be brought up and clarified during administrative rule making and the upcoming legislative session. The issue of proper tax collection under Measure 91 while limiting the potential for Measure 91 marijuana to be diverted into the Oregon Medical Marijuana Program will need to be addressed.

5) CAN A LOCAL JURISDICTION ZONE RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS OUT OF EXISTENCE? Cities and counties can adopt reasonable time, place and manner regulations of nuisance aspects for retail establishments. The city or county must make a specific claim of the adverse effects arising from the nuisance. This issue will most likely be addressed case by case in the court system. This is where Oregon business owners can look to Colorado and Washington for statistics and informa-tion on the nuisance effects, if any, arising from retail stores. Business owners might want to meet with local bureaucrats and politicians to address their concerns prior to Measure 91’s implementation.

6) WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR THE STATE OF OREGON AND THE RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA MARKET NOW DEVELOPING? The voters have spoken and want to see a viable commercial market for recreational marijuana. The OLCC realizes this, but will be subject to pressure from people who oppose Measure 91. Therefore, supporters of Measure 91 have to be vigilant and participate in the rule-making process. Remember what happened with HB3460? Proponents thought we would have medical marijuana dispen-saries statewide, and then SB1531 snuck up on people who were not vigilant and cities and counties were allowed to impose moratoriums.

By ATTORNEY PAUL LONEY for OREGON LEAF

The election is over and Oregon is now among four states to allow recreational marijuana use and sale. Now is when legalization here will be implemented. But the new law isn’t without problem areas needing to be addressed.

Reviewing Measure 91LEGAL Q & A

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Reviewing Measure 91LEGAL Q & A

Who would have believed that the total market reve-nue for Oregon Cannabis is over $600 million per year? Even after adjusting for only 50 percent of recreational users converting over to the legal market, the market is a robust $300 million every year.

Year Medical Recreational 2015 $58.8 million $559.3 million 2016 $59.6 million $565.8 million 2017 $60.3 million $572.4 million 2018 $60.9 million $579.2 million

There is clearly a strong enough market to support hav-ing a separate dispensary program on the medical side. I predict that unlike in Colorado, where medical actually grew after the recreational market was legal-ized, the Oregon medical market will be flat or decrease. In Colorado, where taxes are a low at 2.9 percent for medical sales but in excess of 23 percent for recreation-al, people have signed up for their medical cards in large numbers because it is easy and cheap to get a card and earn your money back in saved taxes. In Oregon however, the payback period is much lon-ger so there is less of an incentive to get a medical card. We will likely see fewer people get a medical card in Oregon. The market should remain in the $60 million range for the foreseeable future. The Oregon recreational market is much larger in its potential. It is 10 times the size of the Oregon medical market. It’s so large, that I expect to see an influx of investment into Oregon for every level of production over the next six – 12 months as we prepare for the recreational market to kick in. Given the size, there is enough room to accommodate several large players in the flower, oil and edibles space. To those who have invested in this market, kudos to you for your vision. For those just peering in, the risk is already here. The risk of being left behind by others.


OPINION

By PROFESSOR BEAU R. WHITNEY for OREGON LEAF

Why Measure 91 will be great for Oregon’s economy

Beau R. Whitney is aneconomics professor at the University of Phoenix and Chief Operations Officer at Golden XTRX, an oil extraction company based in Portland. www.goldenxtrx.com

the smoke and haze clears after elec-tion night here in Oregon, I have been asked by many about my Can-nabis economic forecast for Oregon and how measure 91 will impact the

market.When I first started looking into the demand for Cannabis in Oregon almost a year ago, I wanted to build a very simple model so that people could under-stand how I arrived at the conclusion that it will be a huge economy grower. I checked with the small number other Cannabis economists around the United States to see what their approach was, my goal being to build a model to be able to compare different states on an apples-to-apples basis. One economic forecast that I looked at closely was the original forecast used in the Colorado recreational initiative. The variables used in Colorado were simple, and I could assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Colorado forecast. It was also helpful that there was some data on Cannabis sales that could be compared to the original forecast.

When I eventually was able to calculate the Total Available Market (TAM), I was completely stunned at how large a market already exists here in Oregon. In 2015, I forecast a total medical revenue of $59 mil-lion and a recreational market of $560 million.

As

After many discussions with legislative tax economists in Oregon about the strengths and weak-nesses of the Colorado assumptions, I settled on five basic variables to study in Oregon: > Total usage per year, 3.5 ounce/ person per year > Percentage of users buying black market, 50%> The amount of tax per ounce, about $35/ounce > Population growth, according to Census and PSU > Percentage of self-declared users, 12.9 percent of the population, according to the Center of Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality

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2350 State St. Salem,OR 97301503-990-6 723

The best little joint in town


court supporters who have been showing up in court; it has made a big difference to them.We are showing the community that we stand behind our plant defendants! Jude Joseph Ortiz, a father of five from Ya-kima, will be sentenced soon in a case that arose from a raid in August 2011 of his moth-er’s home for a legal grow. After a trial and the incarceration of his other family members, he is facing 24 years. The court canceled his sentence several times regardless of our rallies, protest and support in the courtroom from his family and Human Solution members. A formal complaint was filed to the Wash-ington Bar Association about the lack of help from the public defender. Please write a letter to judge David Elofson requesting a retrial and fair treatment for our hero, Jude. The Kettle Falls 5 trial starts Dec. 1, and we will have an update on their trial in the next issue. We encourage everyone who has any kind of business associated with marijuana to support these defendants. Any of us could have our family torn apart, possessions and family heritage stolen, and money and medicine con-fiscated by our federal government.

O r e g o n N e w s

total end to prohibition is the ulti-mate goal for pro-Cannabis activists, but the passage of Measure 91 has

the potential to keep people out of jail for a plant. The Multnomah County District At-

dispatch By MIGGY420, SHAREN MARSHALL, MINDI GRIFFITH & KRISTIN FLOR

N e w s f r o m t h e f r o n t l i n e s o f t H E H U M A N S O L U T I O N

DECEMBER PRISONER UPDATE

P r i s o n o u t r e a c h

good man is being treated like a criminal by an asshole with power. The man, im-prisoned for a plant, lost the opportunity

to be a father. A daughter lost her opportunity to be with her father. This man would’ve been more of an asset to the world, to his nation, to his community. This man’s name is Richard DeLisi. After being incarcerated for more than 25 years, he will see a judge Dec. 1 to correct his 90-year pris-on sentence. Join the Human Solution’s mission to free Richard by joining the DeLisi Project. We are trying to flood the judge with letters from across the nation. Visit our website for more details. Another man who has been in prison since the 1980s risks going into solitary confinement every week to call into our radio show. Craig Cesal has lost his life as a U.S. citizen, but not as a human being. Craig is being forced to sign medical forms against his will, and forced into isolation and vari-ous other forms of torture, all after being convicted for a plant. After his medical care was denied, the Human Solution flooded the prison with calls. Ferntucky Medical adopted Craig and hired an attorney to help him. Craig was told “people” do not like the external support he is getting, but please send Craig a letter of encouragement and let him know his sto-ry will not be lost in the sorry chronicles of the drug war. You can find his address on our website. Finally, we highlight this month’s prisoner who needs adoption. Vietnam War veteran Kenny Kubinski is in his 60s, he’s kind, gentle and humble,

A

A

D

No one should go to jail for a plant!

and he is serving a life sentence because a prosecu-tor accused him of using his crop-dusting plane to import and distribute marijuana. When Kenny was charged, he was a husband and a father of three children. His wife also was charged and served seven years, forcing their children into the foster care system. Kenny’s sentence stripped him of the life he established on the outside, a life that we all deserve: To be with the ones we love. Kenny was accused of importing and distrib-uting marijuana, but does it really matter what his role was when it comes to a plant? The sentence that Kenny and so many others have received shouldn’t be called a life sentence. It’s a death sentence, because that’s all that prison allows once you’re behind those walls. If you find time this holiday season, send Kenny Kubinski some emotional or financial support, and consid-er permanently adopting him. No jail for a plant!

W a s h i n g t o n n e w s

ebbie Brechler and Josh Mauk have won their fight for their children. A guardian ad litem determined the kids are right

where they belong. If everything goes well, they will not have state Child Protective Services in their lives too much longer. However, they still face state charges and are in risk of losing their freedom. As a result of Jack and Sally pin sales, Josh and Debbie were able to hire David Arganian. A silent auction fundraiser at MMJ Universe in Black Dia-mond, Wash. raised more money to hire David. Thank you to all who helped. Thank you to all the

dec. 2014 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF /21You can help drug war prisoners. Visit www.the-human-solution.org to learn about this mission.

THERE ARE NO VICTIMS

BESIDES THE DEFENDANTS

AND THEIR FAMILIES IN

THIS CASE.

torney’s Office released a statement after voters le-galized recreational Cannabis use in Oregon: “Be-cause it is clear that a significant majority of voters in Multnomah County support the legalization of marijuana in certain amounts, this office will dis-miss the pending charges related to conduct which will otherwise become legal July 1, 2015.” Measure 91 will allow adults to grow four plants and to possess up to 8 ounces of dried Cannabis per household. The measure also ends an officer’s ability to obtain a warrant due to the smell of Can-nabis. The district attorney will dismiss about 50 pending Cannabis cases in Multnomah County. However, one case in Oregon that does appear to be going forward is the State vs. Joy Graves. Joy is an ordained spiritual leader of the federally recognized Oklevueha Native American Church. She and her co-defendant, Raymond Martin, are facing 10 years for cultivation charges because she grew Cannabis, an important part of the ceremo-nies she leads, on church property. She pled with the court Oct. 30 to dismiss the case due to a lack of jurisdiction. She is adamant that this matter is federally protected and not in the realm of the states’ control because she consumes Cannabis for spiritual use. At the October hearing, church elder James Warren “Flaming Eagle” Mooney was called as a witness by the defense. He affirmed the validity of Joy’s branch of the Oklevueha Native American Church. James testified to the history of Cannabis as a sacrament and healing plant on our planet and the important way the earth-based faith uses it for worship. He also discussed federal laws protecting Native Americans from religious persecution. The district attorney questioned James’ testimony by saying Cannabis came to the United States from Mexico. James laughed and stated he felt it was a ridiculous statement and that Cannabis grows all over the world. James then let out a “Geesh.” After hours of testimony from James and Joy, the court determined they were out of time and need-ed to schedule a new court date. The attorneys for Raymond and Joy asked the court to consider dropping the restraining order between the two de-fendants. Joy is Raymond’s spiritual leader and the no-contact order prevented him from seeking her guidance. The judge did agree to allow them to see each other for spiritual reasons, but said no intoxi-cants would be allowed. Raymond’s attorney reminded the court that it is OK for alcohol to be part of a religious ceremo-ny and to be served to minors and that Cannabis should be no different. Joy is very concerned for her church member and co-defendant.

Joy explained, “(Raymond Martin) came all the way from Kansas City, Missouri, trusting that this church would give him sanctuary as the refugee he was. He was in prison for meth back there and fought out, was falling back into it — his mother and kids agreed it was best that our church help him get clear of that garbage. They thought send-ing him out would save him from that life. Oregon wishes to punish him for the only plant that can.” There are no victims besides the defendants and their families in this case. Joy has been a Cannabis activist in Oregon for many years. It is time we support her and help keep her and Raymond out of prison. Join us Dec. 4 at 3:30 p.m. in the Grant County Circuit Courthouse in Canyon City, Oregon. The power of court support is ending prohibition around the nation — every person who shows up to support Raymond and Joy will make a difference.

N a t i o n a l n e w s As a result of Joy’s raids, she and Crockett An-derson have formed a chapter of The Human Solution in Oregon. Billy Fischer also started our first chapter in Idaho. Throughout the nation this month, chap-ters have formed in California, Alaska, Florida and Arizona to fight prohibition. The Human Solution has a goal to have a chapter in every city to provide support to our defendants and prisoners. It is our mission to end this war. We are trying to raise awareness about jury nullification, the prison systems and our civil rights. Call 951-934-0055 or go to thsintl.org to start a chapter in your area. Please listen to our radio show, live every Sunday morning. No one deserves to go to prison or die for our plant. No victim = no crime = not guilty.


feature By OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIB UTOR DR. SCANDERSON

The thing about concentrates

Thousands of butane canisters litter the ground following an explosion caused by an illegal lab outside of Humboldt last month. Police are still searching for the reckless producers.

Photo courtesy Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office

If you’ve been anywhere near the medical marijuana movement in the past three years or merely exist in this pot culture time warp, you have seen the figurative (and actual) explosion of hash concentrates.Whether you prefer BHO, PHO, CHO, Co2 Oil, Honey Oil, Oil, Earl, Wax, Honeycomb, Comb, Crumble, Shatter, Sap, Sand, Beach Sand, Ice Wax, Ice Shatter, Bubble, Full Melt, RSO, Phoenix Tears, De-Waxed Shatter, Over Shatter, Sugar Wax, Dabs, Terp Sauce or Unicorn Blood, to name a few products, you’ll be medicating with a concentrated THC extraction created through a solvent or solventless method. The over-whelmingly largest amount of hash that has been introduced recently is from a solventless-extraction process known as butane extraction, which produces a product commonly known as BHO or Butane Hash Oil. With more cool names than a shelf of strains to describe it and its ingestion, hash in its many forms has slowly evolved as the leading alternative to dried blooms. So how is it affecting patients and enthusiasts?

PHOTOS by NATE WATTERS for OREGON LEAF


THE GOODThe most effective Cannabis treatments for life-threatening diseases are concentrates. When properly and responsibly administered, no other form of Cannabis is more effective in administer-ing Cannabis for relieving symptoms. Using various methods of concentration, the medicinal benefits of Cannabis have been elevat-ed to levels that would otherwise be impossible to ingest. It’s precisely at those levels, and some-times only at these levels, that treatment is effec-tive. It’s also due to the benefits of extracted and concentrated Cannabis that healthier ingestion for various treatments can be used, including oral ingestion, topical and vaporization. Evolving technology, ongoing research, and the design of existing devices and mechanisms have exciting promise for expanding the effectiveness of Cannabis treatments. Improved technology leads to increased precision in the creating the product. The potential to separate individual canna-binoids and terpenes now exists along with the possibility of its application at a pharmaceutical level. This could dramatically expand the range of ailments that medical Cannabis can treat and the speed of its effectiveness in providing relief. As patients and enthusiasts, it’s delightful to have an entirely new set of options for flavors, consistencies and methods. The bouquet of new tastes, smells and effects can be overwhelmingly amazing. The advent of the concentrated market allows for new ways to enjoy our favorite terps and cannabinoids. This enthusiasm has opened up many oppor-tunities for others to create, innovate and service this new excitement. “Dab Life” culture, T-shirts, pins, stickers, containers, tools, mats, pads, attach-ments, torches, hats and the extraction process has provided arenas for people to make a valuable contribution to this market and create an income. There’s nothing new about people using glass art for medication, but the art of making glass pieces for people to smoke concentrates has exploded. Bob Snodgrass, Jerome Baker Designs and many others laid the foundation for a revolution that would find its second wind in the emergence of BHO. I know people who have whimsically de-cided to take up glassblowing, started hanging out 7 Point Studio in Seattle and now work with some of the world’s best glassblowers. The chance to express their creativity through glass and enjoy a market that provides financial security for their passion, is a welcomed friend.

THE BAD About five years ago, I witnessed the thing of urban legends right outside my booth at Hempstalk in Portland. Someone was taken away by ambulance because of Cannabis. The rumor at the time was that some noob decided to huff a huge amount of “ear wax” then became convinced he was having a heart attack and passed out. Nothing probably happened to the young lad aside from some treatment for dehydration and heat exhaustion, but a line had been crossed. I nev-er remember anyone, no matter how inexperienced, being able to ingest enough Cannabis in one sitting to pass out in a fit of anxiety. I’ve sat through some rough times while smokign regular flower, but the worst case would be group encouragement, perhaps a little retching, followed by hours of sleep and fogginess. The widely available forms of highly concen-trated Cannabis allow users to take single dabs of 80 percent THC as though it were a bong hit. The results and corresponding media coverage are right there to exaggerate. I’ve always associated the ingestion of Cannabis as part of a lifestyle associated with health, wellness, mindfulness and compassion. Very little danger can be derived from growing a plant beneficial to hu-mans and ingesting it. The federal government classifies Cannabis as a Schedule 1 narcotic, in the same category as hero-in and bath salts. Discovering a way to administer Cannabis that uses a blow torch and a small glass device doesn’t help its image problem. Not only has weed smoking progressed to levels that an outsider might reasonably compare med-icating with concentrates to freebasing pot, but people left and right have blown up their homes, themselves, and people and homes all around them just attempting to make these Cannabis products. It’s clear the butane hash revolution has brought increased risks associated with production and in-gestion. It’s no longer people cooking butter on a stove top. These are volatile chemicals that require knowledge, experience and respect in handling. The lack of access to quality information on how to safely and effectively produce Cannabis concen-trates has led to many accidents and pushed too much of the production underground. Assisted by testing facilities, producers can learn how to create a safe production facility, good prod-ucts and an effective extraction. Good people are instituting checks and balances on concentrates by working with agencies, and establishing standards.

THE UGLY Increased demand for BHO has provided leeway for growers to hide mistakes and disguise the use of chemical toxins by blowing their blooms into oil. The average patient is capable of discerning high-quality dried flower from those that were not grown to potential and mishandled during drying and curing. The same is not true of BHO. In fact, it’s extremely difficult to get information about the material that was processed once it’s been extracted. If growers make critical errors during the grow that results in below average Cannabis, they can hide it by processing it into oil. If extractors are skilled enough, they will be left with at least a reasonable-quality BHO. It’s true that the best product in concentrates begins with the best start-ing material, but lots of BHO is made from trim. For some, this practice is limited to turning poorly grown plants into concentrates. But a more serious problem is growers disguising dangerous pesticides and chemical treatments, and diseases and infesta-tions, by turning their round into BHO. Butane can transmit mold and other harmful pathogens to the product, if it exists in the starting material. Little information is available on the amount of residuals from chemical pesticides that can be ingested. But like any business seeing tremendous growth, some contributors and innovators will look to in-vent contrived new standards. Take for instance your rig: the pieces you smoke from. They have got-ten pricey as demand increased. Spending $250 to $350 in a glass shop five years ago gave would get you just about every heady piece, donut, implosion and wigwag in the shop, with the exception of a small number of elaborate pieces that were as much for display as for sale. Now you can’t get full-size, completely clear name brands for that. Who is being serviced when identical glass pieces are being churned out, marketed and price gunned at $800 to $1,000? Both good and bad, the hash revolution is here to stay. With the advent of solventless extraction, the majority of the concerns and issues that exist sim-ply melt away. Combined with some of the newer regulations that ensures increased safety through mandates for safer equipment and processes, it’s my hope that the hillbilly blasting of the past will return to more patient-focused processes and procedures. Provided that basic safety measures are used and the production of the product is left to those with experience, intelligence and the resources to pro-duce it properly, concentrated Cannabis has a via-ble, safe and absolute space in this world.


feature By SAMUEL BERESFORD

be a millionaire by 30, just watch!” my own words rang in my ears. How had greed be-come a core of my being? When did I stop caring as much about people, as I had when

I was younger? Why was I sitting here thinking about a conver-sation that had happened years ago with someone I don’t even talk to very often? I was stoned. At least that was what my friends were calling it. It was the first time I had been under the influence of Cannabis. My en-docannabinoid system was firing at maximum capacity. I was there in the room doing the mundane routine of life, but I was simultaneously deeply evaluating my life. It seems like I do that a lot now. I think that it’s a good thing. I’ve been accused all my life of being ADHD. Which I reply is really “HD ADD.” I’m high definition. In all seriousness, Adderall is perfectly synthe-sized amphetamines. I’m a PK. That’s an affectionate name we give those rebellious teens who we joke about: Pastor’s kids. My dad’s a pastor. When I moved out, I was a hardcore Christian. I had strong faith, but I had been sheltered from the harshness of the world. One day I caught a roommate of mine in college smoking pot. I knew he had a history with other drugs so I reminded him of how marijuana was a gateway to worse drugs. I was trying to show him compassion and help him with his addiction. He confronted me head-on in my ignorance. He said words that still ring in my head: “You of all people should have no right to judge me!” “…” “Cannabis is an herb from the dirt that bears seeds, accord-ing to your own faith and Bible, God made pot as good food.” “… But …” “Sam, you’re a Christian whose own scripture says God made pot as food to give thanks for. You’re also one of those crazy creationists who doesn’t even believe in the evolution theory. In fact, you’ve even challenged my thinking before because of your willingness to look at science more carefully than most creation preachers I’ve met. Prove to me that Cannabis is bad for me; I’ll stop using it. I respect your ability to get to the bottom of the marijuana argument. And if you prove it’s worse for me than alcohol or cigarettes, I’ll even stop smoking altogether.” I agreed, and I took the agreement seriously. He had challenged my morality, intelligence, faith and perspective on the world.

I just didn’t fully know it yet. I researched it every free moment for nine months; I even had friends accuse me of being addicted to re-searching pot. All this time I had never tried Cannabis. I thought it would be an easy task to win this debate. Little did I know … To start out, I looked up the National Insti-tute for Drug Abuse. I figured that should be a good place to start. Since I did my research in 2003, the tune has changed slightly in a lot of governing agencies. If you look now, they actually admit some therapeutic benefit of Cannabis and they even fund some research now, including an ongoing study on how the anti-psychotic effects of cannabidiol might lead to new treatments for schizophrenia.This realization that I’d been deceived all my life led me on a journey. I found out Cannabis was a better treatment for Alz-

heimer’s disease than many primary treatments. I learned it cured asthma in some people who smoked or vaporized it. I learned it had both neuro-protective and generative properties. I learned that for some, it made them hungry, for others it suppressed appetite. It helped some people lose weight, and boost their metabo-lism and immune system function. Little by lit-tle I was unraveling my entire view of marijuana. I learned it was relatively harmless, less addic-tive than coffee and actually beneficial in many cases. I was shattered in many ways. What about God? What about my Jesus, who died for my sins, and rose again to give me hope of a new life af-ter this shadowland of life and death? I had read many books from different perspectives. Books like “More Than a Carpenter” by Lee Strobal, an inves-tigative journalist. He had evaluated the story of Jesus in an effort to debunk it, but what he found were many mountains of what are considered


C O N F E S S I O N S O F A S TO N E D PA S TO R ’ S K I D

feature By SAMUEL BERESFORD

be a millionaire by 30, just watch!” my own words rang in my ears. How had greed be-come a core of my being? When did I stop caring as much about people, as I had when

I was younger? Why was I sitting here thinking about a conver-sation that had happened years ago with someone I don’t even talk to very often? I was stoned. At least that was what my friends were calling it. It was the first time I had been under the influence of Cannabis. My en-docannabinoid system was firing at maximum capacity. I was there in the room doing the mundane routine of life, but I was simultaneously deeply evaluating my life. It seems like I do that a lot now. I think that it’s a good thing. I’ve been accused all my life of being ADHD. Which I reply is really “HD ADD.” I’m high definition. In all seriousness, Adderall is perfectly synthe-sized amphetamines. I’m a PK. That’s an affectionate name we give those rebellious teens who we joke about: Pastor’s kids. My dad’s a pastor. When I moved out, I was a hardcore Christian. I had strong faith, but I had been sheltered from the harshness of the world. One day I caught a roommate of mine in college smoking pot. I knew he had a history with other drugs so I reminded him of how marijuana was a gateway to worse drugs. I was trying to show him compassion and help him with his addiction. He confronted me head-on in my ignorance. He said words that still ring in my head: “You of all people should have no right to judge me!” “…” “Cannabis is an herb from the dirt that bears seeds, accord-ing to your own faith and Bible, God made pot as good food.” “… But …” “Sam, you’re a Christian whose own scripture says God made pot as food to give thanks for. You’re also one of those crazy creationists who doesn’t even believe in the evolution theory. In fact, you’ve even challenged my thinking before because of your willingness to look at science more carefully than most creation preachers I’ve met. Prove to me that Cannabis is bad for me; I’ll stop using it. I respect your ability to get to the bottom of the marijuana argument. And if you prove it’s worse for me than alcohol or cigarettes, I’ll even stop smoking altogether.” I agreed, and I took the agreement seriously. He had challenged my morality, intelligence, faith and perspective on the world.

“I’ll

I just didn’t fully know it yet. I researched it every free moment for nine months; I even had friends accuse me of being addicted to re-searching pot. All this time I had never tried Cannabis. I thought it would be an easy task to win this debate. Little did I know … To start out, I looked up the National Insti-tute for Drug Abuse. I figured that should be a good place to start. Since I did my research in 2003, the tune has changed slightly in a lot of governing agencies. If you look now, they actually admit some therapeutic benefit of Cannabis and they even fund some research now, including an ongoing study on how the anti-psychotic effects of cannabidiol might lead to new treatments for schizophrenia.This realization that I’d been deceived all my life led me on a journey. I found out Cannabis was a better treatment for Alz-

heimer’s disease than many primary treatments. I learned it cured asthma in some people who smoked or vaporized it. I learned it had both neuro-protective and generative properties. I learned that for some, it made them hungry, for others it suppressed appetite. It helped some people lose weight, and boost their metabo-lism and immune system function. Little by lit-tle I was unraveling my entire view of marijuana. I learned it was relatively harmless, less addic-tive than coffee and actually beneficial in many cases. I was shattered in many ways. What about God? What about my Jesus, who died for my sins, and rose again to give me hope of a new life af-ter this shadowland of life and death? I had read many books from different perspectives. Books like “More Than a Carpenter” by Lee Strobal, an inves-tigative journalist. He had evaluated the story of Jesus in an effort to debunk it, but what he found were many mountains of what are considered


C O N F E S S I O N S O F A S TO N E D PA S TO R ’ S K I D


proofs of authenticity in his field. So many that he con-verted to Christianity. I had also read about Josephus, who had given a secular but very accurate historical ac-count of Jesus. All of my research after leaving home had until now kept pointing me back to my creator. I had only strengthened my faith in a loving creator who sent his spirit in the form of a man to die and rise from the dead. It was a chance to repent and attain perfection. And it was for everyone, not only the priest class or rul-ers. They had excluded the people from a way to recon-nect with God, and it had been happening for centuries before he came. I was afraid that somehow by accepting Cannabis as good, I would be turning my back on truth and love. That was a lie, but a very persuasive one. This is where my references get biblical. I know this makes some people uneasy. To those wary about a Bible thumping now, please know I’m a loving, share-my-faith-willingly type, not a foaming, hateful, cram-it-down-your-throat type. I believe an intelligent designer designed the world we live in. I also believe he created a plant that heals our body and soul, and makes us seek truth about life. The first verse I found pertaining to Cannabis is Genesis 1:29 (New Living Translation Bible). “Then God said, “Look! I have given you every seed-bearing plant throughout the earth and all the fruit trees for your food.” To be fair, my roommate who challenged me found that one. So I looked up the old Hebrew word for food and it was the same word trans-lated as “meat” in verse 13 of 1 Corinthians 8 (NLT): “Now regarding your question about food that has been offered to idols. Yes, we know that “we all have knowl-edge” about this issue. But while knowledge makes us feel important, it is love that strengthens the church. Anyone who claims to know all the answers doesn’t really know very much. But the person who loves God is the one whom God recognizes. So, what about eating meat that has been offered to idols? Well, we all know that an idol is not re-ally a god and that there is only one God. There may be so-called gods both in heaven and on earth, and some peo-ple actually worship many gods and many lords. But for us, There is one God, the Father, by whom all things were created, and for whom we live. And there is one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things were created, and through whom we live. However, not all believers know this. Some are accus-tomed to thinking of idols as being real, so when they eat food that has been offered to idols, they think of it as the worship of real gods, and their weak consciences are vio-lated. It’s true that we can’t win God’s approval by what we eat. We don’t lose anything if we don’t eat it, and we don’t gain anything if we do. But you must be careful so that your freedom does not cause others with a weaker conscience to stumble. For if others see you — with your “superior knowledge” — eating in the temple of an idol,

won’t they be encouraged to violate their conscience by eat-ing food that has been offered to an idol? So because of your superior knowledge, a weak believer for whom Christ died will be destroyed. And when you sin against other believers by encouraging them to do something they believe is wrong, you are sinning against Christ. 13 So if what I eat causes another believer to sin, I will never eat meat again as long as I live — for I don’t want to cause another believer to stumble. I had suddenly lost permission to judge Cannabis us-ers from my own Bible. I also discovered that Cannabis is special type of plant called an entheogen, which are plants that make you seek God. That news shocked me, but there was a final straw for me that made me try Cannabis. In the beginning, I mentioned what my roommate would do if I won. But I forgot to mention that I had promised to try Cannabis if I lost. About nine months into my research, I found this little nugget of knowledge. This is what to show

any Christian giving you a hard time for consuming Cannabis: Cannabis is mentioned by name five times in the Hebrew Old Testament. My name is Samuel. When I found out kaneh bosm (transliteration of He-brew for Cannabis) was named in the Bible, I searched Kaneh. I found out that Samuel, the person I was named after in the Bible, had a father named ElKaneh, or Lord of Kaneh. Samu-el also grew up in the temple, doing temple tasks. In fact, it is almost sure

that he helped in the making of the anointing oil that had 6.25 pounds of Cannabis (250 shekels of kaneh bosm). Jesus Christ means Jesus, Anointed One. Christ, be-ing a title, means that Jesus (Yeshua is a more accurate pronunciation) was anointed with a skin-permeable oil that contained a high concentration of cannabinoids. There is even a recipe with strict instructions not to misuse the holy oil. The word “Christian” was once a de-rogatory term, used by Romans, to describe the anoint-ed followers of Jesus. Christian was the first negative slang term for stoner! What I now reference is a personal experience I had. I don’t share it often out of fear of what people will think, but I use Cannabis and I pray to Jesus. That’s already enough to make people think I’m crazy. I was stoned. It was months after my first use of Can-nabis. I was having second thoughts about everything and was scared — perhaps I had lost my salvation. I had just seen a demon leave my room and I was trembling. I started trying to control my breath. I slowly relaxed, and as I did, I went into a trance. At least that’s the best that I can describe. I already knew Cannabis opens you to spiritual matters and I was aware that good and bad spirits existed. I had just tested a dark one and watched it retreat in fear. It had scared me considerably as it left. I opened my eyes. I knew it was dark in my room, but

I saw a bright light — so bright I squinted. I looked down to try and adjust to the light and saw grass. So I began to walk. This wasn’t real, I knew that. But it felt real, it looked real, it even sounded real. I could detect sweet smells mingling in the air. Some I recognized, others I didn’t. I heard a deep voice say my name in a way that was soft but at the same time powerful: “Samuel.” Most people don’t call me that, but it was a voice that sounded like a roaring stream and trickling brook all at once. I looked in the di-rection of the voice and realized it was the source of the bright light. At this point we had a conversation, Creator God and I. I know because I asked specific questions to know for sure it wasn’t another dark spirit. The other one had looked bright at first before dissolving into a dark wind with a shriek. I tested it with some-thing I knew from the Bible. It is supposed to help distinguish whether a spirit is from God or not (1 John 4). Somehow through the light I could feel a smile. And my questions were patiently affirmed. It’s hard to describe. I would ask a question in English, but then I would say the same thing again with images, emotions and consciousness. I would then forget what the question was, and then I would hear “yes” or “no.” Finally I would hear my own ques-tion repeated. I think that was because I had asked in prayer that I would know for sure, that what I was seeing and hearing was from outside of my own consciousness. I wanted authenticity, not blind faith. Our conversation went on for hours. The cre-ator is made much more available to everyone than most realize. When I came out of my trance, I knew some things for sure. Not just based on re-search anymore, but from the voice of my shepherd. I knew that Cannabis could open you to spiritual activity, good and evil. I knew that Cannabis was created for purposes in health in the early church. I also knew that the modern church needs to be spiritually fed. There is a large body of stubborn be-lievers holding to the teachings of Jesus but miss-ing the power behind the anointing of his words. I knew I had to do something about it. Be thankful. 1 Peter 2:5 (NLT) “And you are living stones that God is building into his spiritual temple. What’s more, you are his holy priests. Through the mediation of Jesus Christ, you offer spiritual sacrifices that please God.” John 21:17 (NLT)A third time he asked him, “Simon son of John, do you love me?” Peter was hurt that Jesus asked the question a third time. He said, “Lord, you know everything. You know that I love you.” Jesus said, “Then feed my sheep.” All Bible verses are available at biblegateway.com NLT stands for New Living Translation.

SAMUEL BERESFORD is a Washington medical marijuana patient treating his chronic and debilitating back pain under RCW 69.51a. Email >> [email protected]

proofs of authenticity in his field. So many that he con-verted to Christianity. I had also read about Josephus, who had given a secular but very accurate historical ac-count of Jesus. All of my research after leaving home had until now kept pointing me back to my creator. I had only strengthened my faith in a loving creator who sent his spirit in the form of a man to die and rise from the dead. It was a chance to repent and attain perfection. And it was for everyone, not only the priest class or rul-ers. They had excluded the people from a way to recon-nect with God, and it had been happening for centuries before he came. I was afraid that somehow by accepting Cannabis as good, I would be turning my back on truth and love. That was a lie, but a very persuasive one. This is where my references get biblical. I know this makes some people uneasy. To those wary about a Bible thumping now, please know I’m a loving, share-my-faith-willingly type, not a foaming, hateful, cram-it-down-your-throat type. I believe an intelligent designer designed the world we live in. I also believe he created a plant that heals our body and soul, and makes us seek truth about life. The first verse I found pertaining to Cannabis is Genesis 1:29 (New Living Translation Bible). “Then God said, “Look! I have given you every seed-bearing plant throughout the earth and all the fruit trees for your food.” To be fair, my roommate who challenged me found that one. So I looked up the old Hebrew word for food and it was the same word trans-lated as “meat” in verse 13 of 1 Corinthians 8 (NLT): “Now regarding your question about food that has been offered to idols. Yes, we know that “we all have knowl-edge” about this issue. But while knowledge makes us feel important, it is love that strengthens the church. Anyone who claims to know all the answers doesn’t really know very much. But the person who loves God is the one whom God recognizes. So, what about eating meat that has been offered to idols? Well, we all know that an idol is not re-ally a god and that there is only one God. There may be so-called gods both in heaven and on earth, and some peo-ple actually worship many gods and many lords. But for us, There is one God, the Father, by whom all things were created, and for whom we live. And there is one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things were created, and through whom we live. However, not all believers know this. Some are accus-tomed to thinking of idols as being real, so when they eat food that has been offered to idols, they think of it as the worship of real gods, and their weak consciences are vio-lated. It’s true that we can’t win God’s approval by what we eat. We don’t lose anything if we don’t eat it, and we don’t gain anything if we do. But you must be careful so that your freedom does not cause others with a weaker conscience to stumble. For if others see you — with your “superior knowledge” — eating in the temple of an idol,

won’t they be encouraged to violate their conscience by eat-ing food that has been offered to an idol? So because of your superior knowledge, a weak believer for whom Christ died will be destroyed. And when you sin against other believers by encouraging them to do something they believe is wrong, you are sinning against Christ. 13 So if what I eat causes another believer to sin, I will never eat meat again as long as I live — for I don’t want to cause another believer to stumble. I had suddenly lost permission to judge Cannabis us-ers from my own Bible. I also discovered that Cannabis is special type of plant called an entheogen, which are plants that make you seek God. That news shocked me, but there was a final straw for me that made me try Cannabis. In the beginning, I mentioned what my roommate would do if I won. But I forgot to mention that I had promised to try Cannabis if I lost. About nine months into my research, I found this little nugget of knowledge. This is what to show

any Christian giving you a hard time for consuming Cannabis: Cannabis is mentioned by name five times in the Hebrew Old Testament. My name is Samuel. When I found out kaneh bosm (transliteration of He-brew for Cannabis) was named in the Bible, I searched Kaneh. I found out that Samuel, the person I was named after in the Bible, had a father named ElKaneh, or Lord of Kaneh. Samu-el also grew up in the temple, doing temple tasks. In fact, it is almost sure

that he helped in the making of the anointing oil that had 6.25 pounds of Cannabis (250 shekels of kaneh bosm). Jesus Christ means Jesus, Anointed One. Christ, be-ing a title, means that Jesus (Yeshua is a more accurate pronunciation) was anointed with a skin-permeable oil that contained a high concentration of cannabinoids. There is even a recipe with strict instructions not to misuse the holy oil. The word “Christian” was once a de-rogatory term, used by Romans, to describe the anoint-ed followers of Jesus. Christian was the first negative slang term for stoner! What I now reference is a personal experience I had. I don’t share it often out of fear of what people will think, but I use Cannabis and I pray to Jesus. That’s already enough to make people think I’m crazy. I was stoned. It was months after my first use of Can-nabis. I was having second thoughts about everything and was scared — perhaps I had lost my salvation. I had just seen a demon leave my room and I was trembling. I started trying to control my breath. I slowly relaxed, and as I did, I went into a trance. At least that’s the best that I can describe. I already knew Cannabis opens you to spiritual matters and I was aware that good and bad spirits existed. I had just tested a dark one and watched it retreat in fear. It had scared me considerably as it left. I opened my eyes. I knew it was dark in my room, but

I saw a bright light — so bright I squinted. I looked down to try and adjust to the light and saw grass. So I began to walk. This wasn’t real, I knew that. But it felt real, it looked real, it even sounded real. I could detect sweet smells mingling in the air. Some I recognized, others I didn’t. I heard a deep voice say my name in a way that was soft but at the same time powerful: “Samuel.” Most people don’t call me that, but it was a voice that sounded like a roaring stream and trickling brook all at once. I looked in the di-rection of the voice and realized it was the source of the bright light. At this point we had a conversation, Creator God and I. I know because I asked specific questions to know for sure it wasn’t another dark spirit. The other one had looked bright at first before dissolving into a dark wind with a shriek. I tested it with some-thing I knew from the Bible. It is supposed to help distinguish whether a spirit is from God or not (1 John 4). Somehow through the light I could feel a smile. And my questions were patiently affirmed. It’s hard to describe. I would ask a question in English, but then I would say the same thing again with images, emotions and consciousness. I would then forget what the question was, and then I would hear “yes” or “no.” Finally I would hear my own ques-tion repeated. I think that was because I had asked in prayer that I would know for sure, that what I was seeing and hearing was from outside of my own consciousness. I wanted authenticity, not blind faith. Our conversation went on for hours. The cre-ator is made much more available to everyone than most realize. When I came out of my trance, I knew some things for sure. Not just based on re-search anymore, but from the voice of my shepherd. I knew that Cannabis could open you to spiritual activity, good and evil. I knew that Cannabis was created for purposes in health in the early church. I also knew that the modern church needs to be spiritually fed. There is a large body of stubborn be-lievers holding to the teachings of Jesus but miss-ing the power behind the anointing of his words. I knew I had to do something about it. Be thankful. 1 Peter 2:5 (NLT) “And you are living stones that God is building into his spiritual temple. What’s more, you are his holy priests. Through the mediation of Jesus Christ, you offer spiritual sacrifices that please God.” John 21:17 (NLT)A third time he asked him, “Simon son of John, do you love me?” Peter was hurt that Jesus asked the question a third time. He said, “Lord, you know everything. You know that I love you.” Jesus said, “Then feed my sheep.” All Bible verses are available at biblegateway.com NLT stands for New Living Translation.

To those wary about a Bible thumping, please know I’m a loving, share-my-faith-willingly type, not a foaming, hateful, cram-it-down-your-throat type.

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OREGON LEAF

Available From Rip City Remedies3325 SE Division St. Portland, OR 97202(503) 235-6000 www.ripcityremedies.org

Test Results by 3b Analytical

The experience of opening a jar of this Chem Bubba is like opening an old fashioned bottle of 7-Up, with a fizzy sweet smell of lemon-lime tingling your lungs. The powerful blend of Chem Dog and Bubba Kush comes from the outdoor garden of Green Force Garden. The flower is a beauty in looks and smell. The sweet notes burst out of the flower, with a light kushy nutty note at finish that is more prevalent in the smoke than the aromatics. Each bud is hand trimmed and cured to perfection, with frosty trichomes shining out of the light green flower. The flower is soft like a pillow with just the right firmness in the middle, making it easy to roll up or to smoke from a traditional pipe or bong. The smoke from the flower is sweet and smooth, and tastes of delicious sweet resin that comes from the natural sun in outdoor production. The effects are strong, both cerebrally and for pain management. We found a euphoric creative energy that blended well with a strong body high and couchlock sensation. This strain works well for daytime use, or is great to enjoy a movie or other entertainment at the end of a long day.

STRAINOF THE MONTHBy WES ABNEY | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN


>>The flower is soft like a pillow with just the right firmness...

CHEM BUBBApasses microbial test

23.58% THC //.06% CBD



recipes By LAURIE WOLF for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by BRUCE WOLF for OREGON LEAF

TASTY TIP: There is no such thing as too much aged balsamic vinegar, or a year’s supply of Mama Lil’s Peppers. Gift certificates to havens like Olympic Provisions and Salum make great gifts.

CHOCOLATE BARK WITH NUTS & SEEDS

1) In the top of a double boiler melt the chocolate along with the Canna-butter. Stir until it all melts. 2) Pour the choc-olate onto parch-ment paper and spread with a rubber scraper until somewhat even. 3) Top the still wet chocolate with all of the remaining ingredients and allow to set in the fridge for at least 30 minutes. Break into pieces to eat or package.

2 cups chopped bittersweet chocolate

1-2 tablespoons Canna-butter

¼ cup pepita seeds

¼ cup sliced almonds

¼ cup chopped cashews

Sprinkle with sea salt

INGREDIENTS

Homemade treats can make for the best gifts. This year. I am giving all my card-carrying friends some medicated butter and oil for Christmas. That way people can make their own medicated magic. I made this butter with the powerful Chem Dog strain, a personal favorite. I have four pounds of Chem Dog butter that I am going to turn into hundreds of holiday cookies!


INGREDIENTS1 cup peanuts1 cup pecans1 cup whole almonds1 cup cashews1 cup pepita seeds4 tablespoons Canna-butter3 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce1 teaspoon salt½ teaspoon garlic powder½ teaspoon onion powder

SPICY HOLIDAY NUTS1) Heat oven to 250 F. When ready, place the nuts on a baking sheet (make sure it has sides) and bake for 30 minutes.

2) In a small saucepan heat the Canna-butter and Worcestershire on low. Add salt, garlic and onion powder and stir til’ ingredients are dissolved.

3) Remove the tray from the oven and pour the sauce over the nuts. Toss well and return to the oven for an additional 30 minutes. Allow to cool thoroughly before eating or packaging.

7 ounces Canna-butter, softened2 tablespoons finely chopped scallion1 tablespoon finely chopped cilantro1 clove garlic, mincedJuice of ¼ limePinch sea salt

INGREDIENTS

SCALLION, CILANTRO& LIME GARLIC BUTTER1) In a medium bowl combine all the ingredients. Divide the butter between two 4-ounce sealable jars. Keep in the fridge. Makes 2-4 1-oounce jars

TESTED by cascadia labs45mg THC/0% CBD

Drip’s medicated ice cream has four flavors to try: Oregon Blackberry, Cookies & Cream, Salted Caramel and Honey Ginger Lime, but we tried and liked the Oregon Blackberry. We enjoyed the ice cream thoroughly — it didn’t have a noticeable Cannabis taste but

an hour after we ate the ice cream, the effects kicked in. We began feeling euphoric, energetic and motivated. This is an excellent medicine for daytime. It would be nice to see this tasty treat have a smaller serving size or more potency so patients wouldn’t need to eat all of it to obtain the medicine inside.

Oregon BlackberryIce Cream

by Drip Ice Cream

Va l u e : Ta s t e :

E f f e c t: Packaging:

O v e r a l l :

THE SCORE


TASTY

Reviews By Will ferguson for oREGON lEAF Photos by Daniel Berman/oregon leaf

Ancient Panacea Tincture

by Alchemy Project

This tincture is available only at Urban Farmacy in Port-land and features a great 1:1 CBD to THC ratio. It is nade with Harlequin-Tsuna-mi and Girl Scout Cookies flower, this tincture blends essential oils of ginger and frankincense into a medicat-ed tincture perfect for cold and flu season. This is one of the best-tasting tinctures we have tried. We put two droppers under our tongue. After about 45 min-utes, we noticed the calming and pain-relieving affects of the CBD. The buzz continued for four hours, leaving us pain-free. The dosage is best for low tolerances or beginning edible use.



O v e r a l l :

THE SCORE

TESTED by Canna lab1:1 THC TO CBD RATIO 3.5MG/DROP

By Will ferguson for oREGON lEAF Photos by Daniel Berman/oregon leaf

Ancient Panacea Tincture

by Alchemy Project

concentrates By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTO by DANIEL BERMAN/OREGON LEAF

36/ dec. 2014 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF TESTED by Cascadia labs

77.79% THC

TEST RESULTS

Strong grapefruit, citrus flavor that is best dabbed at lower temperatures

Processed by Exact Extracts for Dab Society Extracts



O v e r a l l :

THE SCORE

Blue City Diesel Shatterhis classic strain can usually be found in several access points around Portland. The extract was packaged in raw parchment paper inside of a

childproof plastic envelope displaying test results and the name of the lab. This shatter has a pull and snap consistency and is best stored in a cool environment. When snapping off a few dabs, we noticed a real blueberry citrus

taroma reflective of the quality starting material, and strict processing standards. The extract has incredible terpene preservation and a strong grapefruit, citrus flavor that is best dabbed at lower temperatures to maximize taste. The effects arrive instantly, providing a warm, cerebral head high that had us motivated and energized, perfect for patients suffering from

depression, fatigue and nausea. The use of research-grade N-butane, a custom-built closed-loop system and proper purge cycles make this extract the new standard to beat.

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access

Concentrates 4/5

THE CONCENTRATE’S SHELF was nicely stocked with a variety of PHO, BHO, CO2 and kief options for patients. Vendors included Mad Farma, Pop Naturals, Open Vape and Headline Alternatives. Reimbursement rates for concentrates run from $20 to $35 per gram. It would be nice to see a wider selection of BHO shatter and crumble.

Strains 4/5

THE AGRESTIC has a fine selection of high-quality flowers. Strains such as Cinex, Lemon Skunk, Purple Kush, Cherry Pie and high CBD ACDC were available ranging in price from $6.50 to $10.50 per gram. Nugrun Enterprises, Higher Minds Horticulture and Soul Gardens are just a few of the farmers providingThe Agrestic with quality flowers. Daily specials on flowers are tailored to the budgets of all patients. The strains are displayed nicely in glass jars in an elegant display case.

Edibles 5/5

A VARIETY of high-quality medibles were available. Med with Love, Jolly Green Troches, Doc Ault’s and Humdinger Sweets were a few of the medible vendors. Only vegan medibles are available, but Owner Kayla Dunham has teamed up with Humdinger Sweets to provide patients a tasty and professionally decorated mix of medicated artisan chocolates and truffles.

the agrestic By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Reviewed

Nice plants


Environment 5/5

I WOULD DESCRIBE The Agrestic as warm and welcoming — patients are served with care quickly and effectively. The waiting room has a variety of free publications, complimentary tea and water, and a TV, ensuring patient comfort while waiting for the medicine room to free up. This is a one-person-at-a-time dispensarywhich helps respect everyone’s privacy.

Overall 18/20

THE AGRESTIC is a patient access center with affordable, high-quality meds and con-centrates and edibles to suit all needs. The location off of State Route 34 allows for easy transit from neighboring towns and counties. Unparalleled cleanliness and or-ganization make this access point stand outamong many other Oregon dispensariesthat have not paid similar attention to detail.

THE AGRESTIC LLC

1665 SE 3rd St. Corvallis, OR 97333541-753 -4182 TheAgrestic.com

22/25

THE SCORE

va l u e : ta s t e :

e f f e c t: packaging:

o v e r a l : t o ta l :

TOASTED COCONUT ALMOND TRUFFLE

THIS HYBRID grown by Nugrun Enterprises packs a strong lemon scent fueled by trichome-covered calyxes. Lemon Skunk is a citrus-smelling pheno of Skunk #1 that’s most effective for patients suffering from fatigue, nausea and stress. When smoked in a bong, we saw trace amounts of residual nutrient salts, indicated by the blackish color of the ash, making this slightly harsh.

23/30

THE SCORE

a r o m a : d e n s i t y :

c u r e : appearance:

f l av o r : e f f e c t:

t o ta l :

22.8% THC // 0.04% CBD

LEMON SKUNK H Y B R I D TEST results by 3b analytical

THIS MEDIBLE by Humdinger Sweets is one of the best-tasting medibles we’ve experienced. When ingested, we noticed no canna taste — a rarity for medibles these days. The effects started to kick in about an hour after we consumed the truffle, leveling out to a euphoric, pain-alleviating buzz. It has a perfect dose of 25mg of THC for those with lower tolerances or who are getting used to using medibles in treating their particular conditions.

25.16mg THC $3

Light fills the medicine room.


access

Concentrates 4/5

A WIDE SELECTION of concentrates was on the shelves at Exodus Wellness Center. Varieties of propane hash oil, butane hash oil and C02 extracts were available. Reimbursements range from $20 to $35 per gram for products from Sirius Extracts, Mad Farma and Golden Xtrx — a few of the extraction companies that occupy the concentrate shelf.

Strains 4/5

THE DISPENSARY OFFERS a nice selection of indica, sativa and hybrid strains for patients. Obama Kush, Cherry Pie and Lemon Diesel are a few patient favorites. Flower donations run from $5 to $10 per gram. Flower vendors at this spot include Parker Farms, Klean Karma Farms and Digging Dirt Farms.

Edibles 3/5

AMONG THE PRODUCTS we noticed were Lunchbox Alchemy rations, Coma Treats, Cheeba Chews, Vitonic and Jolly Green Troches. A variety of chocolates, ice cream, cookies, pretzels and candies were stocked. The diffferent medibles were neatly displayed in a glass case and separated by brand.Various dosages and medicat-ed treats were available to suit patient preference.

exodus wellness center By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

Reviewed

Owner and budtender


Environment 3/5

YOU CAN’T MISS the large waiting room with a sea of picnic tables, complimentary tea, coffee, magazines and an ATM for patients wishing to donate with cash. Part of the medicine room was also a kitchen where food and drinks were made. That was an inefficient use of space, and one we had never encountered. Perhaps this could be blocked off with a room divider of sorts?

Overall 14/20

EXODUS WELLNESS CENTER is an access point filled with friendly faces and kind hearts. The location on Southeast Powell Bou-levard makes for easy access from the eastside.The repurposed house maintains a warm and inviting atmosphere in which patients are put first. That said, greater attention to professionalism is needed. For instance: no shouting across the store.

EXODUS WELLNESS CENTERAND SOCIAL CLUB

16211 SE Powell Blvd. Portland, OR 97236 971-242-8079 ExodusWellnessCenter.com

By WILL FERGUSON for OREGON LEAF | PHOTOS by DANIEL BERMAN

The repurposed housemaintains a warm and inviting atmosphere.

THIS GDP AND DURBAN POISON CROSS boasts dark purple hues contrasted by bright orange hairs. Cherry Pie was recommended to us by the bud-tenders at Exodus Wellness and it did not disappoint. When smoked in an organic hemp rolling paper, we tasted hints of cherries complemented by a chocolate undertone. The flowers could have been flushed better — the exhale was slightly harsh. Overall, this Cherry Pie is a perfect 50/50 hybrid for patients suffering from a variety of debilitating conditions.

21/30

THE SCORE




t o ta l :

CHERRY PIE H Y B R I D

21 .14% THC // 0.44% CBD // 0.1% CBN

THIS STRAIN has unknown genetics and is available only at Exodus Wellness.The flowers are a bright green with neon orange hairs popping out from every crevice. When rolled up with organic raw papers, we noticed a sweet, citrus flavor that made for a tasty joint. Mrs. P is especially effective for patients suffering depression, anxiety and stress. The smoke is primarily euphoric.

25/30

THE SCORE




t o ta l :

21.4% THC // 0.07% CBD

MRS. P H Y B R I D

TEST results by Green leaf lab

A patient checks inand another hangs out.

6850 N. Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97217 || 503-285-4768

Wide selection of nutrients and soilFriendly, knowledgeable, experienced staff

100% locally owned

6850 N. Interstate Ave Portland, OR 97217 || 503-285-4768

Wide selection of nutrients and soilFriendly, knowledgeable, experienced staff

100% locally owned


health & science

BY OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR

DR. SCOTT D. ROSE

Does cancer, heart disease, mental illness or some other malady run in your family? Do you think developing those diseases is inevitable because their programming is within you? A tenet of con-ventional biology is that the trait and character of organisms are determined by genes. The concept of genes controlling life is in all biology texts and course work. How much influence and control might peo-ple have over their genes? Can a particular disease process be affected in a positive way by influencing the genes? The emerging science of epigenetics is offering answers that put the control of our genes within reach. DNA is the hereditary material found in hu-mans and most other organisms. DNA was first identified by Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher in the late 1860s, but it was not until the early 1950s that U.S. biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA. Among the developments that di-rectly followed from its discovery were prenatal screening for disease genes, genetically engineered foods, the ability to identify human remains, the design of treatments for diseases and the testing of physical evidence in order to convict or exonerate criminals. DNA consists of four basic molecules, but hu-

man DNA contains about 3 billion of those mol-ecules. The order, or sequence of those four mol-ecules determines the information for building and maintaining an organism. The specific order of these molecules is responsible for the genetic code. Most of the DNA is found within the nu-cleus of every cell in the body. In fact, it is packed along with protein into structures called chromo-somes so tightly that each cell contains almost 6 linear feet of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes – 23 pairs, one pair from each parent. The major protein type that is packed into the chromosome with DNA are histones. Histones are proteins that act as a spool on which DNA can wind. Those proteins play a major role in gene regulation. When DNA was

discovered, these proteins were large-ly disregarded and the focus has been solely on the genetic material. The Human Genome Project was conceptualized during the 1980s to map the human genome. It was un-dertaken during the 1990s, and results were reported in 2000. One prem-

ise of the research was that one gene should exist for ev-ery protein in the body. The findings were that 30,000 genes and almost

250,000 to 1 million proteins exist. That was not the only surprise. It was initial-ly thought that the complexity of an organism would require a higher number of genes. That proved false because a microscopic roundworm has 18,000 genes. That means humans only have 12,000 more genes than that of a microscopic creature – not the estimated 100,000 as once thought. It then became evident that there was more to the expression of genes than just the ge-netic material itself. The field of epigenetics (epi- means above or around) is the study of the factors that influence the orchestration of the chemical reactions that activate and deactivate the genome in specific lo-cations and at specific times. Epigenetics can be used to describe anything other than the DNA sequence itself that influ-ences the development of an organism. Scientists began reporting in the early 2000s that environ-mental influences from neglectful parenting to air pollution can affect chemical tags that turn genes on or off. For instance, one study of Swedish historical records showed that men who had experienced famine before puberty were less likely to have grandsons with heart disease or diabetes than

men who had plenty to eat. Perhaps our well-fed pop-

ulation is not offering the same protection against these diseases to future

generations – heart disease and diabe-tes have been on the

rise. This idea of an envi-ronmentally responsive

genome stirs debate, but

Do you think THAT YOU’RE a victim of your heredity?

EPIGENETICS!WHY WHAT YOU EAT CAN MAKE OR BREAK GENETIC HEALTH.


the notion that epigenetic marks are transmitted across generations is even more provocative. A gene, when “turned on,” is expressed, and when “turned off,” is inhibited. In the case of genes that cause disease, such as oncogenes that cause cancer, we wish for these genes to be inhibited. Epigenetic silencing is one way to turn genes off. Within the cell, three mechanisms have been found thus far – methylation, histone modification and RNA-asso-ciated silencing. Methylation requires a biochemical unit consist-ing of one carbon and three hydrogen atoms used as a tag on genes to turn on and off. RNA-associated silencing occurs when a gene can be down-regulat-ed or silenced by small bits of RNA. Histone mod-ification affects how the DNA is stored. The DNA and histone complex is referred to as chromatin. When the chromatin is loose, it is active and the gene might be expressed. If it is condensed, then it is inactive and the gene cannot be expressed. The delicate balance of gene control is evidenced in the findings of a study conducted by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State that demonstrat-ed how histone modifications can affect the expres-sion of many degenerative diseases, ranging from cancer and heart disease to bipolar disorder and even aging itself. Now, if a tumor suppressor gene (anticancer gene) is hidden in dense chromatin, it cannot be used, and in this way too much histone will “turn off ” those can-cer suppressors and allow cancer cells to proliferate. Here’s where epigenetics comes in. Certain green leafy foods, including broccoli, brussel sprouts, bok choy, cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables, plus garlic and onions, contain substances that act as histone inhibitors, which essentially block the histone, allowing the tumor suppressor genes to be expressed and fight cancer. By regularly consuming these foods, one will naturally support the body’s ability to resist cancer formation and will likely do so for future genera-tions. This is an example of food as an environmen-tal influence. Bruce Lipton is a U.S. developmental biologist and author of “The Biology of Belief.” He states, “Here is my definition of the environment: it is ev-erything from the core of your being to the edge of the universe.” Lipton contends this environmental influence would include everything from your thoughts and belief systems, to toxic exposures and exposure to sunlight, exercise, and, of course, everything you choose to put onto and into your body. According to Lipton, the secret of life does not lie within the DNA, but rather within the mech-

Dr. Scott D. Rose has written about Cannabis and health for years in the Northwest Leaf. He is an acupuncturist with a pain resolution practice in the Crown Hill neighborhood of Seattle.

CERTAIN GREEN LEAFY FOODS, including broccoli, brussel sprouts, bok choy, cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables, plus garlic and onions, contain substances that allow the tumor suppressor genes to be expressed and fight cancer. By regularly consuming these foods, one will naturally support the body’s ability to resist cancer formation and will likely do so for future generations. This is food acting as an environmental influence.

anisms of each cell membrane of the 50 trillion cells that make up the body. Each cell membrane has receptors that pick up various environmental signals, and this mechanism controls the “reading” of the genes inside the cells. There is a choice to read or not read the ge-netic blueprint, depending on the signals being received from the environment. Just because the genetic programming of cancer or heart disease is in the DNA does not mean that it is certain to arise. Far from it. According to Lipton, “This new biology takes us from the belief that we are victims of our genes, that we are biochemical machines, that life is out of our control, into another reality, a reality where our thoughts, beliefs and mind control our genes, our behavior and the life we experience.” What this all means is you are not controlled by your genetic makeup. Instead, your genetic readout – which genes are turned on and which are turned off – is primarily determined by the healthiness of your environment. One of the most important and core beliefs in conventional biology has been that the traits and character of organisms are controlled by their

genes. What seems to control the genes is the epigenome. The concept of self-emerg-ing genes, turning themselves on and off, now seems antiquated. Just as quantum mechan-ics caused a major shift in the understanding of physics, epigenetics is causing a profound shift in biological belief. So you are in control of your genes. It is your environment and lifestyle that determine the tendency to express disease. Prevention is key, but if disease has already formed, perhaps the right epigenetic information would reset the cells on a path to health. The body is wired to heal itself if given the opportunity, perhaps part of the opportunity is the correct informa-tion. This is where conventional, alternative, spiritual and energy ideas find commonality. Leading a healthful lifestyle, which includes exercising regularly, getting high-quality nu-trition, limiting exposures to toxins and keep-ing a positive mental outlook all contribute to the expression of genes with beneficial, disease-fighting behaviors. In the words of Lipton, “ Become a master of your life, rather than a victim of your heredity.”

20 unexpected uses for cinnamon: www.tinyurl.com/cinnamonleaf

BY NORTHWEST LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR

SCOTT D. ROSE

health & science

T H E S ECRET POWE R of c i n n a m o n

BY NORTHWEST LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIBUTOR

DR. SCOTT D. ROSE

Commonly known as Cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, true cinnamon (C. verum).

Parts used: Bark of young branches and shoots. The bark con-tains volatile oils.

Active constituents: Pharmacopeial-grade cinnamon bark must con-tain not less than 1.2 percent volatile oil. Cinnamon contains volatile oils (1 percent to 4 percent) of cinnamaldehyde (60 percent to 80 per-cent); eugenol (up to 10 percent); and trans-cin-namic acid (5 percent to 10 percent).

Historical uses: Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to dispel cold, relieve pain, and open channels and collaterals. To en-courage production of qi and blood; To tonify kidney yang, augment ming men (life gate) fire; Also used as a styptic (stops bleeding); works well for shaving.

Medicinal uses: Essential oil has antibacterial and fungistatic properties.; Helps to support/maintain healthy blood glucose levels.; Provides antioxidants; Increases appetites;Used in herbal medicine for digestive disturbances/dyspeptic complaints/indigestion, such as mild spasms of the gastrointestinal tract, bloating and flatulence.

A B O T A N I C A L M O N O G R A P H

PHOTO BY CREATIVE COMMONS

Cinnamomum verum is native to India and Sri Lanka while C. aromaticum is native to China.

Side effects & toxicity: Generally safe. Hypersensitivity/allergy of skin and mucosa may occur. Discontinue if that occurs.

Contraindications: Not to exceed 0.99 grams per day, bark powder.For use beyond six weeks, consult a health care practitioner. If breastfeeding, consult a health care practitioner prior to use for doses of 1 or more grams per day.

Drug interactions: None known.

Dosage: For blood glucose effect: 3 to 6 grams per day bark powder, not to exceed 4 grams per single dose. Unless otherwise prescribed: 2 to 4 grams per day of cut or ground bark.Infusion or decoction: 0.7 to 1.3 grams in 150 milliliters of water, three times daily.Fluid extract 1:1 (grams/milliliter): 0.7 to 1.3 milliliters, three times daily.Tincture 1:5 (grams/milliliter): 3.3 to 6.7 milliliters, three times daily.Essential oil: 0.05 to 0.2 milliliters.



By OREGON LEAF SPECIAL CONTRIB UTOR DR. SCANDERSON

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WHETHER IT WAS FROM spilled medium, dead plant matter or the general dust and dirt that accumulate through venting/entry exit, grow rooms get dirty and quickly. Often times, getting to the cracks and spaces where dirt

accumulates isn’t easily accomplished without risking damage to the plants. Handheld vacuums are ideal for cleaning up after yourself every time you enter and exit the garden.

I don’t care what method you grow in — how big your space is, or what your current practices are — one can always get the garden cleaner and nothing makes this task easier than a trusty handheld vacuum on your side. The Dyson is

pretty much the Apple iPhone 12 of handheld vacuums and this thing is like holding a race car in your hand. Everything and anything in its path is demolished with a push of the trigger, which helps preserve its average 20-minute, rechargeable runtime.

Turn it to boost mode and you only have about five to six minutes of total use, but it’s like dropping the nitrous boosters in on your vacuum. Be certain your cat isn’t anywhere in sight!

A little bit further down the price range exists much less powerful handhelds that are still quite effective and provide much of the same benefit. The recommended Dirt Devil is a wet/dry handheld which has the added benefit of being manufactured to

tolerate wet and moist material. I wouldn’t recommend draining your reservoirs with it like a shop vac but usually we growers are sucking up lots of moist material, spills and damp matter. Add in a handheld vacuum to carry around like a sidearm on your

utility belt next to your new precision shears and complete the arsenal of luxury garden devices.

THE DYSON IS PRET T Y MUCH THE APPLE IPHONE 12 OF HANDHELD VACUUMS...”

Dirt Devil Extreme Powerwet/dry hand-vac $59.99

Maybe you’re a gardener and want to celebrate another year with the plant by rewarding yourself with a new piece of gear or a gadget. Maybe you’re very close to, live with, date or otherwise want to celebrate a grower in your life and just don’t know what that newest hotness is. Each year, a barrage of products are introduced to the market and I am blessed with the responsibility of sorting through them and reviewing a few of my favorites. In this guide, I’ve picked products in a variety of price ranges that most growers would agree are pretty darn cool items.

One of the most used and abused pieces of equipment in indoor gardens is a pair of shears. They come in all shapes and sizes, but I’ve found those designed by hydroponic nutrient and other companies, that seem to market themselves to Cannabis growers, to be the very worst of the bunch. You really do get what you pay for! Having a high-quality, reliable, durable pair of garden shears, that stay sharp and operating smoothly for extended periods of time, is akin to Popeye having his spinach. Ask any seasoned gardener how long those same low-cost shears stay sharp, move smoothly without jamming or have their mechanisms break apart rendering them all but useless without repair. It’s exactly this scenario that makes a high-quality pair of shears like the two I recommend such an excellent gift for growers. But very few people want to dive deep into their pockets to support the costs of gardening and purchase shears costing five-times more than what they’ve been accustomed to for years. Yet like appreciators of fine cars, exotic functional glass and the like, there is a market for luxury, even in the garden. Switch their daily driver garden scissors onto a high quality pair of precision shears, and don’t be surprised if you find a tool belt filled with handmade Japanese squeezable cutlery slowly being acquired at upwards of $100 a pair...

Burgon and Ball Pruning Shears

$49.99

Hasami Shears$39.99

THE GROWER’S GIFT GUIDE

feature

Trim Bins $69.99This product keep what can be

a somewhat messy process well-contained and, yes, even tidy. You can set it on a table or in your lap and off you go!

Ask anyone who is accustomed to spending 10 hours or more

hand-trimming frosty nugs and they’ll mention how the body slowly

petrifies into what can only be described as a T-Rex trying its best to trim up a kola.

Trim Bins are durable and

well-thought out, with cutout spaces for your arms to sit in that act as a nice guide and armrest to keep a relaxed posture during extended trimming sessions. Very few growers like to trim, but the Trim Bin improves efficiency by cleverly collecting all the kief that falls from the buds as they are being trimmed, then sifts it through a micron screen leaving the user with a nice, white/blond kief after each session.

Sticky Bye-Bye $11.99-$17.99

TIRED OF COMING TO BED with stinky hands that adhere to everything they come in contact with? Sticky Bye Bye! If you’re concerned about being in public after trimming and having that penetrating scent of freshly trimmed blooms pouring off your hands, Sticky Bye Bye. Looking for an all natural way to completely remove grease, resin and other grime associated with being a farmer? Guess!? You shake it up, scoop a little into your hands and scrub them with it before regular washing with soap and water. It feels very similar to wet sand in the container and smells like a nice orange oil scent or like Sour Tangie blooms. While I found it awkward and a bit weird at first to pre-wash with this oily concoction, my hands emerged soft, clean and not sticky with one use. And they smelled great!


Method Seven OperatorHPS plus+ sunglasses $79.00

MANY CANNABIS FARMERS bloom their plants under High Pressure Sodium lamps that cast a bright orange red spectrum of light. This color is good for the plants but makes it difficult for we humans to see precisely what’s going on with the plants. Much of the finer subtleties the plant may display through color changes are all but invisible under HPS lamps. This holds true for almost all the different specialty lamps used for cultivating Cannabis and Method Seven has a solution for HPS lamps, Metal Halide or LED lights. By tinting the sunglass lenses to compensate for the missing colors we are accustomed to seeing under a fuller spectrum (like outside), growers can observe the rich green and orange colors of Cannabis ripening in natural looking light. It makes it incredibly easier to notice early changes in leaf, petiole, stem or pistil color (early indicators of problems or imbalances the plants may be experiencing). You can more easily learn what stage of life the plant is at! Method Seven also has designed filters for use on your camera lenses, so we can now share what we are seeing with patients, our Youtube viewers and Instagram followers alike.

THE SUNGLASSES LET GROWERS OBSERVE THE RICH GREEN AND ORANGE COLORS OF CANNABIS RIPENING IN NATURAL-LOOKING LIGHT.”

THEY CAN ALWAYS USE MORE... Great gifts that are super easy to find, cost little, and yet have a tremendous impact on the day-to-day workflow.

POWDER-FREE NITRILE GLOVES

RAZORBLADES

GREEN SCRUB PADS

No grower should be without this tool at their disposal. For some gardens it’s one of the most essential in the arsenal. In any event you can almost never go wrong getting your Cannabis growing enthusiast a high quality pH probe. Even if they already have a meter that they use regularly, this equipment can naturally lose calibration and eventually fail over time. But there’s really never an ideal time to lose your pH readings, so having an extra probe on hand is always a great idea. Additionally have a couple different probes allows one to check the accuracy and consistency of the calibration and readings being taken.

Oakton Ecotestr pH 2 $70

Blue Lab pH probe $90


STORY & PHOTOS by BOB MONTOYA for OREGON LEAFfeature

reetings from northern oregon. I came across a gem of a farm called Gonzo Farms while looking for a new strain not yet flowered. I have always reported on a Micro Strain when it was

already established. This month I have been tracking what will be called OPD, or Oregon Purple Danish. The father of OPD is Schnozberry, by Alphakronic Genes. The female Schnoz is a go-to for mitigating the uncomfortable side effects of chemotherapy. It is known for easing nausea and anxiety, helping rest and soothing anxiety commonly experienced when a person’s health is at its worst. Schnozberry is an indica-heavy hybrid (90 per-cent indica, 10 percent sativa) that shows its heri-tage in many shades of its father, Purple Urkel, and mother, Snowdog’s heavy trichome density. The mother of OPD is Cheese Quake by TGA Seeds. In a cross of Urkle and Cheese Quake, the latter strain gives the cheesy smell that will most likely show up in the cross-breed. Known for its in-tense high the 60 percent indica, 40 percent sativa, the strain is nearly 20 to one THC to CBD ratio. It’s a great daytime medicine that may curb your appetite and keep your toes tapping. On the farm, down in a little clearing at the bot-tom of a hill, there was a circle of Cheese Quake females arranged in a ring around a very tall, very potent male Schnozberry plant. The girls were cov-ered in his pollen,there were already some seeds. Mike plucked a bud and squeezed a seed out for inspection. It was a beautiful little bean with fine stripes. And the surface of the freshly gathered seed had little hairs on it, like the silk within the husk of an ear of corn. There is something to be said for fresh obser-vations. It was something I had never seen before. The Oregon Purple Danish is on its way to flower — we’ll know more in 8-10 weeks. Thanks to Mike and Naomi for their generosity and sharing insight into where our medicine comes from and how it is developed.

GOREGROW

Schnoz-berry

90-percent

indica strain


Bob Montoya is a Cannabis photographer, veteran & well-seasoned grower hailing from Olympia, WA.

Cheese QuakeCheese Quake females & Schnozberry males

SchnozberryPollen Sacs

It was something I had never seen before.


GROWTECH

Perhaps you’ve achieved a degree of consistency in your garden. You have a few rounds under your belt, you have the climate di-aled in, you know what and

when to feed them, you know how to work with your plants through their stretch, and how and when to help them through ripening and harvest.

Now, you might want to improve your plants’ health without changing what’s already working. If you’re running a water culture or min-eral-based feeding program, you might consider

harnessing the power of organics without the challenges they can create in con-

tainerless mediums. Assuming you have a reasonable grasp of the basics, adding in a foliar program might be the boost your garden needs.

Foliar feeding refers to applying nutrients, microbes, botanicals and other

beneficial compounds by spraying leaves and stems. You’re probably familiar with the

process of plants drawing up nutrients and water through their roots. The plant also has a capacity to take in water and nutrients through the above-

ground surface tissue, especially the leaves and stems. The plant’s leaf surface is covered with tiny holes known as stomata, which help the plant carry out several essential processes. A plant can regulate the size of the stomata to either increase or decrease the exchange of gas and liquid through those tiny holes. This allows the plant to regulate temperature and moisture and receive and exchange key elements such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. The plant’s sto-mata, and the first layer of cells that cover the plant, also allow the plant to take in liquid nutrients.

In this month’s Grow Tech, we will explore general foliar feeding methods and tips for apply-ing a foliar feeding program.

I do not advocate using foliar feeding if you are not acutely aware of the mean climate throughout various times of the dark period for your garden. I have found it’s imperative that you have the proper equipment to compensate for the shifts in climate that will invariable occur upon introducing nighttime spraying.

Using foliar feeding as a complement to an es-tablished feeding regimen allows you to maximize the available mechanisms the plant has for invigo-rating health — it mimics the general conditions a plant thrives in under nature. Furthermore, foliar style does not “compete” with other compounds in the rhizosphere or create imbalance. For instance, if you notice a plant is beginning to show a deficien-cy of some kind, you can freely administer through foliar without introducing a new element to an already balanced soil or nutrient reservoir. Foliar allows mineral-based feeding programs to be com-plemented by organic amendments without any of the associated risks of feeding organic nutrients in certain hydroponic environments. When properly administered, your plants will love it!

Because foliar is most effectively used to com-plement an established feeding program, supple-menting with foliar products that are tailored to the stage of growth the plant is in has the most favorable results. You might be trying to improve root growth and branching, shoot, stem and fo-liage gains, transition, flower opening, bulking, ripening and so on. Most of the products you are accustomed to using will include instructions for foliar administration. This allows the gardener the flexibility to provide the plant with parts of the feeding program through various mechanisms.

TIPS FOR FANTASTIC FOLIAR FEEDING GET A QUALITY SPRAYER

Foliar feeding relies on a plant’s ability to ab-sorb liquids through stomata and epidermis. The smaller and wetter the application, the better the


DR. SCANDERSON

Foliar Feeding Frenzy Tailoring plant growth with a supplemental feeding program


rate of absorption. The range of applicators range dramatically in technology and cost, but I highly recommend the best sprayer your budget can tol-erate. For around $30, you can get a high-quality pump sprayer that will maintain a mist as long as the container remains pressurized. Compared to the $3 hand-pump sprayer common for most household cleaners, it might seem expensive but the cheaper spray bottles are not designed to be sprayed continuously for minutes, which is what’s necessary for proper foliar applications. They will begin to clog and break after a short time, and they do not create a consistently reliable mist.

If you have a larger garden or want the high-est-end product, get an atomizer. This electrically powered device turns the solution into a fog that is blown out a hose over the plant. The small mi-cron size that the atomizer delivers the foliar feed through is extremely easy for the plants to absorb. Also, because it uses a blower, you get complete and total coverage with minimal time.

USE AN EMULSIFIER

The second tip also concerns improving the effi-ciency of the delivery of nutrients to the plants in a foliar program. Because the nutrients used to apply to the plants in a foliar feeding are in solution, the solvent needs to be readily absorbed by the plants. In this case, water is being used. By mixing a wetting agent with the water before adding your foliar nu-trient, you make it easier for your plants to absorb. How can you make water wetter? The “wetness” of water concerns the amount of cohesion attributed to the solvent. Water has a high amount of cohe-sion, causing significant surface tension. Water molecules are strongly attracted to each an-other and form a loose cohesive bond to resist the pull of gravity.

When you spray a solution onto your plants that has not been treated with an emulsify-ing or wetting agent, you likely will find large beads of solution on your plants. Solution is transported over the plant’s tissue so the more surface area of the plant you can get in contact with the foliar solution the more efficient the delivery of that solution. By adding something like a drop or two of common household dishwashing soap you interrupt that strong bond held between water molecules and make the water less cohesive, thus wetter. Spraying solution that has a wetting agent in it doesn’t create beads, it just soaks the plant surface fully and evenly, which is what you want.

DO IT WITH THE LIGHTS OUTApply foliar only during the dark period.

While it’s true that plants that have been rained on

do not burn under the sun, until you have the sun working for you in your indoor garden you haven’t got a reasonable comparison and your plants are more likely to suffer if you apply foliar feeds with the lights on. Furthermore, turn all fans that shake the leaves off before applying your foliar spray.

Depending on your garden, you might have an exhaust and intake or air conditioner that supports

climate control. Leave that on to maintain ideal conditions. However, turn off all wall and floor fans that you use to push air around the room.

Spray your plants as close to the lights turning off as you can — give them the maxi-mum amount of time for the foliar to be absorbed. The least

amount of darkness time I recommend allowing for safe foliar application is three hours. If you don’t have three hours or more before your lights turn on, you’re better off skipping that application. The best results seem to come by giving the plants six hours or more after application. WAIT

The results of applying foliar can provide an overnight visual improvement, which is ... awe-some. Don’t get carried away, though. Giving the plants two to three days between applications lets the nutrients fully absorb. Some products are de-signed only for weekly application. Furthermore, because I recommend applying additives and

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supplements through foliar, and not the prima-ry elements the plant needs, your plants wouldn’t benefit from more frequent applications.

GO EASY Start as light as possible. Try, for instance,

50 percent of the manufacturer’s recommended dose. Don’t over do or you might find yourself walking into your garden as excited as a kid on Christmukkkah ready to unwrap your new “su-percharged” garden present only to find your leaves hooked into an eagle claw with frayed edg-es fried to the tips.

Gradually increase dosage, say 15 percent at a time, keeping in mind the stage of development your plants are in. By gradually and slowly in-creasing the dose, it becomes easier to recognize the sweet spot where the plants noticeably re-spond favorably to the application. I recommend stopping once you’ve found this spot for each stage. Trying to find the threshold can stress the plant out. More is not better.

Although maintaining an ideal climate and basic understanding of the plants’ feeding pro-gram is a prerequisite for initiating a foliar pro-gram, it’s certainly something that can add a sus-tained level of health and vigor to your plants. If you have specific questions on foliar feeding or application methods, contact me at [email protected],follow me on insta-gram at drscanderson_gT, look for my product review of foliar products in next month’s issue and as always, Happy Gardening!

Foliar feeding will ensure the plant receives proper nutrients.

54/ DEC. 2014 FACEBOOK.COM/NWLEAF

BEHIND THE STRAIN

EPOXY OG

This is an excellent plant for gardeners of all skill levels. A newer gardener will enjoy the benefit of adding the flavors and smells of Gorilla Glue to their garden without the almost-unmanageable growth pattern that comes with the clone. More experienced gardeners may find the opportunity to push their maximum for yields and quality combination of this very special plant. Patients who already enjoy the Gorilla Glue No. 4 are sure to enjoy this offspring. It brings with it much of the same potency and flavors of the glue, but sharper.

Even an experienced patient will surely feel the strong creeper effects.

GENETICS: (DOUBLE BARREL OG KUSH

[WHITE FIRE X RASCAL’S]) X (GORILLA GLUE NO. 4)

BREEDER: RED EYE GENETICS

FLOWER TIME: 60-65 DAYS

LINEAGE This project marks my first attempt at offering anything to the breeding process outside of feedback as a tester. Having worked with Double Barrel OG Kush from Dank House Seeds for many years, it was my great privilege to crack one last round of seeds and select a male for a breeding project planned by Red Eyed Genetics. Red took the male and pollinated several of his elite female stock including the epic Gorilla Glue No. 4, an amazing line of head-numbingly strong medicine.


DR. SCANDERSON

Drop me a [email protected]

Watch a videoYoutube.com/DrScandersonGt

HOW IT GROWSIn choosing a male I was looking for the “dracarys” pheno, which after many packs, became easy for me to spot. I like this pheno because it, first and foremost, created the highest quality yields of straight gassy, pine sol kush that reliably tested over 20 percent in combined THC. I also felt this would make an excellent breeding male because of its unusually strong structure, tamed-down stretch and better-than-average yield for any OG. By combining the stability in growth with the outlandishly chaotic, stretchy and floppy Gorilla Glue No. 4, the epoxy OG offers strong, stable branching that responds well to topping. Epoxy OG is no light feeder — this plant has vigor from the Glue and DBOG combination that will make it take-off fast and furiously. Not afraid to charge into flower and, like many of the high-resin content strains, it starts taking P and K early in flower. The plant has only a medium stretch, perhaps doubling in flower. And while the growth pattern will result in a yield commensurate with the experience the gardener has with pruning and site selection, it finishes strong and heavy for an OG in fewer than 70 days and under most conditions.

EFFECTStesting in reliably at over 22 percent combined THC means this is a potential day-ender. Albeit at lower dosages the user is generally invigorated by the eye-opening, sativa-like effects of the Gorilla Glue. The flavors are so enticing that higher dosages almost seem necessary. It’s at these higher levels where even the most experienced patients will surely feel the strong creeper effect that is a balance of indica and sativa. It likely draws on some of the recessive traits of the parental lineage in this area.

Bulbous, soft, spear-looking blooms remind me of a SD dominant Sour Kush. The smell is definitely Double Barrel OG dominant and loud. The DBOG brings kushy notes of earthy pine complete with a gassy sulfur finish. Breaking off a piece from a glistening nugget, it takes the room hostage ripe with kush and overpowering gas and diesel smells. While the smell provides a nice balance of the heritage, once you smoke this medicine you know what the mama adds. Straight dark chocolate gassy gas of Gorilla Glue, amplified only slightly by the accent of kush notes. Those notes are not found in the mom, which expresses more of a piney path of flavors.

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Documents

Oregon Leaf — December 2014