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Ordering the International:Actors, Processes,
Structures
Basic Concepts and Analytical Levels of
International Relations
IntroductionIntroduction
Actor
Environment Actor
a) Who acts ?
b) Forms, occasions, reasons, causes, results of the behaviour of actors which crosses national borders or is directed towards the international system ?
IntroductionIntroduction
Process
a) Interaction of Actors
(Duration, Regularity,
Action-Reaction-Pattern ?
b) Forms, occasions, reasons,
causes, results ?
A C
B
IntroductionIntroduction
Structure
a) Like processes between actors repeated over time and thus solidified
b) Forms, reasons, consequences ?
Foreign Policy
1. Ressources2. Means3. Aims4. Interests5. Decision
making processes
International environment
National ActorBorder crossing
action
International Politics
Society A
Akteur A
Society B
Akteur B
IGO
Foreign Policy A
Foreign Policy B
Internationale Politik
The modern territorial State – Substrate of the Billard-Ball-Model of International Politics
Premiss: Legitimation of the state by successful completion of its functions: guarantee of law and order domestically and protection against (military)attacks in its external relations Factors of Change:
Development of the forces of production and destruction
Medieval starting point
Wall-protected impenetrability
Territorial State: hard shell of fortresses round periphery & parallell abolition of independence of interior fortified places by the central power
Gun powder revolution of the late middle ages: development of artillery and distance weapons
cancels
Fortress protected impenetrability
manifestations
Strategy military power
Politics:
Independence
Law Sovereignty
Modern State: domestically pacified and externally hard shelled defensible Unit with monopoly of the use of physical force on its territory
Impenetrability based on military, political, legal developments
Premiss: warfare rests in the horizontal
Air warfare: ballistic carriers and nuclear weapons of mass destruction
cancels
Military and political impenetrability protected by force
Air Warfare, in particular ballistic weapons of mass destruction
overcomes
Penetrability underlines Modern industrial dynamics
GlobalizationGlobalization functional Interdependence
Transnational networking
Further differentiation of international division of labour
Environmental problems & their secondary effects crossing borders
Intensification of social and cultural forces by social change
Replacement of Fordistic by Postfordistic Accumulation
Transnational Society (of Actors)
Society
A
Government
Society
B
Government
Society
C
Government
National Actor
Transnational Society
LOOKING AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FROM A RECENT INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE
LOOKING AT THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FROM A RECENT INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE
For some time already, the analysis of International Relations is characterised
by a change in perspective
- away from the state as a unitary actor acting as a gatekeeper between the
domestic and international policy areas
- up, down, and sideways to supra-state, sub-state, and non-state actors.
For some time already, the analysis of International Relations is characterised
by a change in perspective
- away from the state as a unitary actor acting as a gatekeeper between the
domestic and international policy areas
- up, down, and sideways to supra-state, sub-state, and non-state actors.
From the society of states, our focus of attention has consequently
shifted to transnational and transgovernmental societies which take the
form of boundary-crossing networks amongst individuals and non-
governmental organisations (NGOs).
From the society of states, our focus of attention has consequently
shifted to transnational and transgovernmental societies which take the
form of boundary-crossing networks amongst individuals and non-
governmental organisations (NGOs).
IGOIGO
INGOINGO
= government
= society
= foreign or international societal interactions = foreign or international political interactions
Society C
State C
Society A
State A State B
Society B
The traditional concept of international politics: States as international gatekeepers
The traditional concept of international politics: States as international gatekeepers
MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE: MAIN ACTORS AND LEVELS OF ANALYSISMULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE: MAIN ACTORS AND LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
GOVERNMENT A
GOVERNMENT B
GOVERNMENT C
International & national regimes
International & national regimes
Supranational and intergovernmental
actors
Supranational and intergovernmental
actorsTARGET STATE
TARGET STATE
Transnational groups
Administration Legislative branch Judiciary system
Central state
Administration Legislative branch Judiciary system
Central state
Administration Legislative branch Judiciary system
Regional/substate unit
Administration Legislative branch Judiciary system
Regional/substate unit
Individual cognition; Belief system;
Personal and national identity
Individual cognition; Belief system;
Personal and national identity
Domestic groups&issue-
specific groups
(commercial, religious,
and environmental)
Domestic groups&issue-
specific groups
(commercial, religious,
and environmental)
International levelInternational level
State levelState level
Regional levelRegional level
Individual levelIndividual level
Multilevel Governance
Flexibly organised common problem solving among different communities from the local via the regional
and state to the international level(and vice versa)
Flexibly organised common problem solving among different communities from the local via the regional
and state to the international level(and vice versa)
MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCEMULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE
Concept gains importance in contexts in which political institutions and their decision-makers lose part of their auto-nomy to act; political direction and problem solving has to rely on cooperation of political AND societal actors in networks and negotiation systems (Round Tables etc.)
Concept gains importance in contexts in which political institutions and their decision-makers lose part of their auto-nomy to act; political direction and problem solving has to rely on cooperation of political AND societal actors in networks and negotiation systems (Round Tables etc.)
IN DOMESTIC POLITICSIN DOMESTIC POLITICS
Concept covers the mechanisms, agreements, and patterns necessary to insure, in an anarchical international system* transnational cooperation* balances (of power/influence)* stabilitywithout formalised and insti-tutionalised organisations and treaty systems
governance without government
Concept covers the mechanisms, agreements, and patterns necessary to insure, in an anarchical international system* transnational cooperation* balances (of power/influence)* stabilitywithout formalised and insti-tutionalised organisations and treaty systems
governance without government
IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSIN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS