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Order Rodentia Family Geomyidae. Diastema 1 pair incisors Ears shorter than tail External fur-lined pouches Tail less than ¾ length of head, body Hind feet smaller than forefeet. Geomys bursarius. Order Rodentia Family Heteromyidae. Diastema 1 pair incisors Ears shorter than tail - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Order RodentiaFamily GeomyidaeDiastema1 pair incisorsEars shorter than tailExternal fur-lined pouchesTail less than length of head, bodyHind feet smaller than forefeet
Geomys bursarius
Order RodentiaFamily HeteromyidaeDiastema1 pair incisorsEars shorter than tailExternal fur-lined pouchesTail more than length of head, bodyHind feet larger than forefeet
Perognathus flavescens
Perognathus flavescensIdentification: Dorsum cinnamon with blackish hairs; venter lighter; light-colored patch behind ears and around eyes
Distribution: West (Loess Hills), southeast, central Iowa
Habitat: Grassy slopes; well drained; small burrows
Perognathus flavescens
Diet: Seeds of grasses, other herbs
Reproduction: 2-3 litters of 3-8 annually
Conservation: Endangered; several isolated populations
Order RodentiaFamily CastoridaeDiastema1 pair incisorsEars shorter than tailHind feet webbedTail scaly, paddle-shaped
Castor canadensis
Castor canadensisCommon name: Beaver Order RodentiaFamily CastoridaeGenus CastorSpecies Castor canadensishttp://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/dnr/fur/species/beaver.htmlPresented by Catherine Luria
Identification Largest rodent in IowaTL 94-120 cm; tail, 23-37 cm; hind foot, 17-19 cm; ear, 30-35 mmUsually weighs 15-30 kg, up to 45 kghttp://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/dnr/fur/species/beaver.htmlCastor canadensis
DistributionMuch of North America from central Alaska and Northern Canada to Northern MexicoFound throughout Iowa and north-central United Stateshttp://www.huntington.edu/thornhill/images/wildlifephotos/beaver.jpgCastor canadensis
HabitatStreams, rivers, marshes, and lakesOften near willow, aspen, and other preferred food sourceshttp://www.huntington.edu/thornhill/images/wildlifephotos/beaver.jpgCastor canadensis
DietSummer: grasses, leaves, roots of aquatic plants, bark stripped from building materials, sometimes berriesWinter: leaves and inner bark of stored saplings and branchesPrefers willow, aspen, cottonwood, alder; tends to avoid pine except for buildingwww.wildflorida.org/ critters/beaver.asp
Castor canadensis
DietStores food for winter by anchoring branches and saplings to bottom of poolFeed pile is 3-6 feet deep and up to 30-40 feet wideBeaver leaves den through underwater entrance, gets food from the pile, and returns to the den www.occdsb.on.ca/ ~sel/rideau/beaver.htm
Castor canadensis
ReproductionBreeding starts in January of FebruaryFemale bears 1-6 kits (usually 3-4) in April, May, or JuneYoung are weaned in 6 weeks but will stay with family group 1-2 yearsCastor canadensis
ReproductionFamily groups consist of around 12 beaversOne or more pairs of adultsYoung of that yearYearlings Yearlings leave or are driven off as kits matureCastor canadensis
Conservation StatusValuable peltOnce trapped to extinction in some areasProtective legislation and natural emigration have allowed beaver to reoccupy much of its former rangeNow fairly common, even considered a pest in some areashttp://www.wildernessclassroom.com/www/schoolhouse/boreal_library/animals/photos/beaver.jpgCastor canadensis
DiseaseCan carry rabiesCarries tularemaiaBacterial infectionTransmitted to humans through contact with beaver tissue or blood or through contaminated waterCauses headache, fever, chills, vomiting, aches and painshttp://www.wildernessclassroom.com/www/schoolhouse/boreal_library/animals/photos/beaver.jpgCastor canadensis
Dam buildingDams constructed of branches, rocks, leaves, and other debris and filled with mud from the stream bottom4-7 feet acrossAdded to as water level risesSmaller dams are sometimes constructed to relieve pressure on main dam
http://www.exzooberance.com/virtual%20zoo/they%20swim/beaver/Beaver%20485050.jpgCastor canadensis
Why do beavers build dams?Increases the depth and surface area of the stream or pondEasier to drag branches, etc.Prevents the underwater entrance to the den or lodge from freezing overProtects against predationAllows greater access to foodhttp://www.bfro.net/avevid/nelson/images/beaver%20dam.jpgCastor canadensis
Beaver Lodges Built against the back of the den or against the stream bankDome-like structure built of sticks and mudUnderwater entrance(s)
http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/animals/images/bvr2.jpgCastor canadensis
OtherPrimarily nocturnal/crepuscularPresence easily detected by chewed saplingsLittle predation: mink take young and large carnivores may attack adults
Castor canadensis
ReferencesIllinois Department of Natural Resources. Ecology and Conservation of Illinois Fur Resources. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/dnr/fur/index.html
Iowa Association of Naturalists. Iowa Mammals. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/publications/ian601.pdf
Jones, J. Knox, Jr. and Elmer C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-Central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Kays, Roland W. and Don E. Wilson. 2002. Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.