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DIPTERA
Di: two
Ptera: wings
Complete development
Chewing (larva)
Sponging or piercing sucking (adult)
LEAFMINER• Several hundred species of foliage miners that can be moths,
beetles, flies or sawflies• Larva: 1/8" maggot• Adult: 1/8" mosquito-like
FUNGAL GNAT
HOST• General feeder
• Many feed on organic matter
• More severe in greenhouse potting soil• Potting soil sterile
FUNGAL GNAT
CONTROL• Clean up debris• Yellow sticky cards for adults• Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, (Gnatrol)• Drench soil with insecticide• Predatory nematodes
MOLE CRICKET• Southern: carnivore (4 dots)• Tawny: herbivore (plant pest)• Introduced species are problem• Native species not so much
THYSANOPTERA
Thysanos: tassel
Ptera: wings
Incomplete
Rasping-sucking mouthparts
Narrow, fringed wings (nymph wingless)
Can transmit diseases
Several generations / year
THRIPS (139)
DAMAGE• Mostly harmless to woody plantsMostly harmless to woody plants• Stippling and bleaching foliageStippling and bleaching foliage• Dead spots on leavesDead spots on leaves• Tar spots underside of leavesTar spots underside of leaves
THRIPS (139)
MONITOR• Branch beating (paper)• Sticky traps: blue for western flower thrip, yellow for other
species
THRIPS (139)
CONTROL• Maintain plant health to tolerate• Soap and Oil• Predatory wasp release in greenhouse
Why Biological Control?Why Biological Control?•Thrips control impacted implementation of IPM programs in many ornamental crop systems.
•Chemical control in the landscape is
NOT SUSTAINABLENOT SUSTAINABLE
SPIDER MITES• Microscopic• Red southern (red), two-spotted (clear with 2 black spots)• Can complete generation in 2 weeks
SPIDER MITES
HOSTS• Herbaceous plants, fatsia, butterfly bush, conifers…
• Foliage, fruit, and flowers• Feed on lower surface