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This article was downloaded by: [Central Michigan University] On: 20 December 2014, At: 04:39 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Quarterly Journal of Speech Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rqjs20 Oratory, grammar, and logic Published online: 05 Jun 2009. To cite this article: (1955) Oratory, grammar, and logic, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 41:4, 358-358, DOI: 10.1080/00335635509382095 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00335635509382095 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub- licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

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This article was downloaded by: [Central Michigan University]On: 20 December 2014, At: 04:39Publisher: RoutledgeInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

Quarterly Journal of SpeechPublication details, including instructions for authors andsubscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rqjs20

Oratory, grammar, and logicPublished online: 05 Jun 2009.

To cite this article: (1955) Oratory, grammar, and logic, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 41:4,358-358, DOI: 10.1080/00335635509382095

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00335635509382095

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information(the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor& Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warrantieswhatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of theContent. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions andviews of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. Theaccuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independentlyverified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liablefor any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages,and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly inconnection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes.Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expresslyforbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

358 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SPEECH

these master strategies? We might even- ing that if the questions we ask deter-tually find ourselves in a position where mine the answers we receive, it may bewe could, with reasonable accuracy, an- that Kenneth Burke is giving us oneswer these questions: Given a certain method for obtaining rewarding an-situation, what kind of strategies might swers. T h e question of what a speaker'swe anticipate that a speaker will use? strategies are is inherent in Burke'sGiven certain strategies in a speech, dramatistic approach to criticism, andwhat kind of a situation does it appear it may provide us with one means of ob-the speaker believed he faced? taining a rhetorical criticism that more

Such an approach might educate us n e a r l y approaches the ideal. It may beto become better analysts of the social a m e a n s o £ developing a rhetorical criticscene, more cognizant of what the who is a more expert judge as a social

, , . , , , critic, and who, as a consequence, isproblems of society are thought to be, , . , . , ,._ , ^, ...

, . . , r , . " . himself better qualified to make validand more critical of the solutions given . . . . ^ . . . , ,

, , , , , . , . . social mdgments of his own, and betterto those problems by the social critics , . c , .. , . . •

r ' qualified as an acting rhetorician to pop-operating as speakers and writers. u , a r i z e t h e m t h r o u g h t h e ] a n g u a g e

I should like to conclude by suggest- strategies of his own rhetoric.

ORATORY, GRAMMAR, AND LOGIC

In order to speak, or write well upon any subject, it is necessary thatthat subject be thoroughly understood, that every argument which is toused be previously collected, and the value of it ascertained. How absurd,for instance, would it be to imagine that a person, who had never studiedlaw, government, and history, should be enabled, by the art of oratory,to make a political harangue, or write a dissertation upon the constitutionof a state? With what success would an orator, who had not studied theLaw, undertake the defense of a client? or a person wholly unacquaintedwith morals or theology, attempt to speak from the pulpit? Whateversubject, therefore, any person intends to write or speak upon, he must,by applying to the proper sources, acquire a perfect knowledge of it,before he can expect any assistance from the art of oratory, as such.

Moreover, let a person be ever so perfect a master of his subject, hecould not be taught to speak or write about it with propriety and goodeffect, without being previously instructed in the principles of GRAMMAR,i.e. without a knowledge of the inflection of words, and of the structure ofsentences, in the language he makes use of.

It is necessary, likewise, as far as reasoning is concerned, that a personbe, in some sense, a logician before he be an orator; since it is by the rulesof LOGIC that we judge of every thing relating to arguments, theirperspicuity or confusion, their fallacy or their force. More especially is itof consequence to every orator whose business is with -men, to be wellacquainted with human nature; that knowing the passions, prejudices,interests, and views of those he hath to do with, he may know how toaddress them accordingly.

Joseph Priestley, A Course of Lectures on Oratoryand Criticism (London, 1777), pp. 2-4.

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