Oral exposition of the FPCM11 v3.pptx

8/11/2019 Oral exposition of the FPCM11 v3.pptx

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Longitudinal unsaturated

permeability measurements

Permeability Benchmark II
http://www.mondragon.edu/es/eps/actualidad/noticias/presentacion-del-vehiculo-electrico-de-mondragon/image/image_view_fullscreen


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1. Introduction and objectives

2. Experimental set up

3. Results

4. Conclusions

INDEX

2


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3

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

Chapter 1


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4

The main objective of this project is basically to validate thepermeability measurement set-up constructed at the Composite

Lab (Universidad Politcnica de Valencia). As we are a newer

in this type of research project, it is very important for our team

to be part of this 2nd Permeability Benchmark Exercise, is a

great opportunity to learn and improve permeability

measurement techniques.



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5

Chapter 2

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP


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6

2. Experimental Set-Up

Mold Description

The mould consists of one 20 mm thick aluminum rectangular lower

plate and one 50 mm thick methacrylate top mold half. A 3.5 mm thick

aluminum spacer separates the two halves and creates the mold cavity

where the fabric stacking is placed. O-rings are fitted to the grooves

machined in both halves parts in order to prevent any leakage. The mold

is secured with 18 screws which are equally separated and torqued.

Mold Assembly at Universidad Politcnica

de Valencia

Data Acquisition system

Controlled Pressure in the Pot

Pressure Transducer (located in the Inlet)

DataQ Acquisition Card


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Cutting Procedure

A rectangular wood template of 130 mm width and 400 mm length is

used to cut the individual sample. The cutting process is done with a

very sharp knife with a circular blade, this rotating blade ensure that the

cutting acting is always perpendicular to the surface of the cutting table,

so any shearing force. After the cutting process, the individual layers are

stacked together in samples consisting of the specified number (10) on

another wood template to weight them on a precision balance.

Set-up for the samples cutting process.


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Reinforcement Manufacturer Hexcel Fabrics

Fabric G0986 D1200 Carbon fabric

Data sheet Measured

Weave 2x2 twill

Areal density (g/m) 285 284 2

Fiber density (g/m) 1.78*106

Nominal construction

(tows/cm)

Warp : 3.5 3.52 0.07

Weft : 3.5 3.46 0.07

Weight distributionWarp : 50%

Weft : 50%

Tows warp and weft Carbon HT

Type HTA 5131 6K

Filament diameter () 7

Linear density (tex) 400 419 15

Tow width (mm) n/aWarp: 2.31 0.17

Weft: 2.27 0.20

Test Fluid: Silicon Oil (Dow Corning 200)

Viscosity: 0.1 Pa.s


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Experimental procedure

To achieve the experiments without any race tracking along the edges of

the fabric stacking, care is taken during the cutting of each layer; also a

fine line of liquid latex is put along the edges of the stacking.

Liquid LatexFlow Front


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Injection Pressure and Flow detection Tecnique

Pressure is measured at the injection gate

Initial injection pressure range: 0.86 to 1.16 Bar

Final injection pressure range: 1.01 to 1.28 Bar

Flow detection: Human eye + Photos

Sampling Rate/ Sensitivity: 0.5 sec.


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3. Results

Effective permeabilities in Direction 0N of Experiments: 10

Vf(%)= 45,10,5


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1.1 FMLs

1.2 Actual Manufacturing Processes.

1.3 Alternative Manufacturing Processes.

1.3 Objectives

2. Experimental set up

2.1 Materials

2.2 Experimental equipment

2.3 Test configurations

3. Results

3.1 Unidirectional permeability tests results

3.2 Effective permeability of FML

4. Conclusions

INDEX

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

Chapter 1

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Fiber Metal Laminate: Multilayer material

Composite layers.

Metallic sheets.

Example

Glare

Arall

Structural applications.

Good mechanical properties and low density.

ImpactHigh specific energy dissipation.

Service LifeGood fatigue properties.

Transportation (aircraft, Cargo containers).


CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Objectives

14

Source: Sadighi M. Impact resistance of fibre metal laminates: A review


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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Objectives

Actual Manufacturing Processes

Autoclave:

Most common FML manufacturing technique

High Fiber Volume Fraction

Low void Content

High production time and cost

Compression :

Suitable for thermoplastic matrix FMLs

High void Content

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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Objectives

Alternative Manufacturing Processes

VARTM: Developed by Nasa Langley Research Center

Proposed Solution: Conventional RTM

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Source: E. K. Baumert et al,Mechanical evaluation of new fiber metal laminates made by the VARTM process, Proceedings of the 17nd International

Conference in Composite Materials, Edinburgh, 2009


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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Objectives

Objectives of this Work

Check the viability of the RTM process to obtain FMLs.

Apply the conventional unidirectional injection method of permeability

measurement to the FMLs.

Preliminary study of the influence of the phase thickness on the

permeability.

Relationship between the permeability of the FMLs and the phase

permeability.

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Chapter 2

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

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FML Materials

3/2 Lay-up

Fiber reinforcement:

Basalt Fiber (Kamenny Vek TBR 600 )

Plain Weave 600g/m2

Weft direction

Metallic phase

0.5 mm Polycarbonate sheet.

Perforated

Injection Fluid:

Silicon Oil (Dow Corning 200)

Viscosity: 0.1 Pa.s


CHAPTER 2

Materials

19

Experimental

Equipment

Test

Configuration


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1D permeability measurement equipment:Mold:

130 x 400 mm2

50mm thick Methacrylate Sheet

Variable Cavity thickness (Spacers)

Mold secured with 18 boltsPressure Acquisition system:

Controlled Pressure in the Pot (1.1 bar)

Pressure Transducer (located in the Inlet)

DataQ Acquisition Card


CHAPTER 2

Experimental

Equipment

20

Materials

Test

Configuration


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Test Configuration


CHAPTER 2

Experimental

Equipment

21

Materials

Test

Configuration

Test name Phase Bulk4 Bulk6 FML

Lay-up 2 basalt ply 4 basalt ply 6 basalt

ply

3/2

(PC/B2/PC/B2/PC)

Mold

Thickness

1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 3.5 mm

Porosity 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55*

*Porosity of FML calculated as volume fraction of the porous phases


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Chapter 3

RESULTS

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Preform Thickness

The permeability slightly decreases when the thickness increases

Influence of mold smooth surfaces vs. number of layers

Nesting Variability

3. Results

CHAPTER 3

Preform

Thickness

FML

Permeability

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Permeability Vs Thickness

0.0E+00

1.0E-10

2.0E-10

3.0E-10

4.0E-10

5.0E-10

6.0E-10

7.0E-10

8.0E-10

Phase Bulk 4 Bulk 6

K(m.2

)

SFF Approach

LSF Ap proach

Smooth interface

Fabric interface


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FML

Similar permeability as the Phase (similar rigid interface ratio)

Permeability obtained by Least square fit approach: 6.16 x10-10

Difficulties to control the porosity of each phase of the FML

3. Results

CHAPTER 3

Preform

Thickness

FML

Permeability

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Permeability of different configurations (All)

0.0E+00

1.0E-102.0E-10

3.0E-10

4.0E-10

5.0E-10

6.0E-10

7.0E-10

8.0E-10

9.0E-10

Phase Bulk 4 Bulk 6 FML

K(m.2

) SFF Approach

LSF App roach


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Chapter 4

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

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4. Conclusions and future work

Permeability measurements of FML were carried out. FML can be manufactured using in-plane LCM techniques

Methods to measure the in-plane permeability of composite fabrics can

be applied to measure the in-plane permeability.

Transparent sheets are needed.

Slight influence of the thickness in the permeability has been detected

For thin composite phases, when the thickness increases the

permeability decreases

Further studies are necessary to understand the causes

The in plane effective permeability of the FML is similar to the effective

permeability of the composite phase in the FML.

CHAPTER 4

Conclusions

Future work

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4. Conclusions and future work

This preliminary research work leads to further studies in Transverse permeability measurements of the FML preform.

Phase

3/2 Configuration FML

Definition of the optimum resin pathways in the metallic phases

Definition of a 3D flow model for FML.

CHAPTER 4

Conclusions

Future work

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Hole Patterns

0.5*9 mm 0.75*21 mm 1*37 mm

(138 mm2) (61 mm2) (35 mm2)

A

RnSTheory 8

4

Permeability (1.80x10-11mm2)


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Voids Vs hole type


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Permeability Values

Permeability Values

Test name Phase Bulk4 Bulk6 FML

Lay-up 2 basalt ply 4 basalt ply 6 basalt ply 3/2(PC/B2/PC/B2/PC)

Mold Thickness 1 mm 2 mm 3 mm 3.5 mm

Porosity 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55*

Permeability squared flow

front approach

5.7 x 10-10m2 4.4 x 10-10m2 4.0 x 10-10m2 5.7 x 10-10m2

Permeability least square

fit approach

5.8 x 10-10m2 4.7 x 10-10m2 4.1 x 10-10m2 6.2 x 10-10m2


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Previous works about thickness

Source: M. Grujicic et al,Effect of shear, compaction and nesting on

permeability of the orthogonal plain-weave fabric preforms, Materials

chemistry and physics 86 (2004) 358-369

Source: B. W. Grimsley et al,The effects of fiber architecture and thickness on the

permeability of carbon fiber preforms, Proceedings of the 16nd International

Conference in Composite Materials, Kyoto, 2007

Documents

Oral exposition of the FPCM11 v3.pptx