Oracle Security & Identity Management

July 20, 2005

Oracle Security & Identity Management

July 20, 2005

Rafael TorresSr. Solutions ArchitectCincinnati, OH513-768-6856rafael.torres@oracle.com

Gary QuarlesSr. Solutions ArchitectColumbus, OH614-280-6500gary.quarles@oracle.com

Agenda 9am-1015am

– Identity Management OID, User Provisioning, Directory Integration,

Proxy Authentication

– Virtual Private Database– Securing Data Access– Secure Application Roles

BREAK (15 mins)

Agenda (con’t) 1030am-1145am

– Label Security– Fine Grained Auditing– Stored Data Encryption– Detecting Security Breaches– Data Privacy Compliance– Network Encryption– User Security– Oblix Roadmap

1145am-1pm – Buffet Luncheon

1pm-115pm – Raffle

Security Legislation Sarbanes-Oxley

– Everyone– Financial statements contain no errors

Gramm-Leach-Bliley– Fin Services, Healthcare– Ensure privacy, security, confidentiality

California’s Breach Disclosure Law– Anyone with customers in California– Audit breach of PII, notify those affected

Safe Harbor– Anyone doing business in Europe– Reasonable steps to secure from unauthorized access

Data Privacy Concerns

Customer information– protecting customer personally identifiable

information (PII)

Employee information– majority of privacy regulations provide equal or

greater rights of privacy to employees

Third Party information– protecting PII of third persons provided to you by

customers or employees

25% technical75% policy and procedures

Data Privacy Compliance

www.oracle.com/consulting

“90% detected computer security

breaches in the past year.”

“80% acknowledged financial losses

due to computer breaches.”

The Expert View

- CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey

“If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then you will be hacked…what's more, you deserve to be hacked!”

Richard ClarkeSpecial Advisor to the President, Cyberspace Security

State of Security – United States 90% of respondents* detected computer security

breaches within the last twelve months. 80% of respondents acknowledged financial

losses due to computer breaches. – $455,848,000 in quantifiable losses– $170,827,000 theft of proprietary information– $115,753,000 in financial fraud

74% cited their Internet connection as a frequent point of attack

33% cited internal systems as a frequent point of attack

* Source: CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey

Why Oracle for Security and Identity Management?

25+ year history – First Oracle customer was a government customer

Information Assurance– 17 independent security evaluations over past decade– Substantial financial commitment to independent security evaluations– More evaluations than any other major database vendor– Culture of security at Oracle

Robust security features and Identity Management Infrastructure

– Row level security– Fine Grained Auditing– Integrated database security and identity management

Web Single Sign-on, Oracle Internet Directory– Strong authentication

Oracle Database = 25+ years of security leadership

1977 2004

Label Sec + ID Mgmt

Column Sec Policies

Security Evaluation 17

Identity Mgmt Release

Fine Grained Auditing

Common Criteria (EAL4)

Oracle9iAS JAAS

Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On

Oracle Label Security (2000)

Virtual Private Database (1998)

Enterprise User Security

Oracle Internet Directory

Database Encryption API Kerberos framework

Support for PKI

Radius Authentication

Network Encryption

Oracle Advanced Security introduced

First Orange Book B1 evaluation (1993)

Trusted Oracle7 Multilevel Secure Database (1992)

Government customer

Oracle Application Server 10g

Identity Management

Identity Management

process by which the complete security lifecycle for users and other entities is managed for an organization or community of organizations.

management of an organization's application users, where steps in the security lifecycle include account creation, suspension, privilege modification, and account deletion.

Identity Management Components

The Identity Challenge

User Credentials for Authentication and Authorization

Directory Server or Database

Application

User Credentials for Authentication and Authorization

Directory Server or Database

Application

User Credentials for Authentication and Authorization

Directory Server or Database

Application

User Credentials for Authentication and Authorization

Directory Server or Database

Application

End Users

Administrators Administrators Administrators Administrators

Redundant, silo’d application development

Non-uniform access policies

Orphan accounts Audit/Log

information fragmented

Bring Order to Chaos with Identity

Application Application Application Application

End Users

Administrators

User Credentials for

Authentication and

Authorization

Centralized, policy-based management of access & authorization

Faster development and deployment

Centralized audit and logging

Oracle ID Mgmt:Typical Deployments

Enterprise provisioning – Heterogeneous integration

Telco provisioning – Scalability & HA

Enterprise Portal– Single Sign-on, administrative delegation

Government R&D Organization, Corporate Conglomerates – Centralized Identities with autonomous administration of

departmental applications

Multi-hosting with delegated subscriber admin – Multiple identity realms in one physical infrastructure + HA

Platform Security Architecture

External Security Services Oracle

Platform Security

Application Security

E-Business Suite

Collaboration Suite

Oracle Internet Directory

Public Key Infrastructure

DirectoryIntegration

RBAC &Web Authorization

Provisioning &Delegated Administration

ISV & CustomApplications

BPEL Prcs Mgr,BI, Portal, ADF

Oracle Database

Oracle Identity Management

Oracle Application Server

Access Management

DirectoryServices

ProvisioningServices

SSO &IdentityFederation

Oracle DatabaseOracle Application Server Oracle DatabaseOracle Application Server

Responsibilities, Roles ….

Secure Mail, Interpersonal Grants …

Authorization, Privacy, audit, ….

Roles, Privilege Groups …

Enterprise users, VPD, Label SecurityEncryption, Audit

JAAS, JACC, WS Security, …

Internet Directory Scalability

– Millions of users – 1000’s of simultaneous clients

High availability– Multimaster & Fan-out replication– Hot backup/recovery, RAC, etc.

Manageability– Grid Control multi-node monitoring

Security– Comprehensive password policies– Role & policy based access control– Auditability

Extensibility & Virtualization– Plug-in Framework– Attribute and namespace virtualization– External authentication– Custom password policies

LDAPClients

DirectoryAdmin

Console

OID Server

OracleDatabase

Directory Integration

Connectors

External Directories

SunOne

Active Directory

Oracle HR

Oracle DB

OpenLDAP

eDirectory

OracleInternet

Directory

DirectoryIntegration

Service

Provisioning Integration

ERP,CRM,… eMail Portal

Partner Provisioning System

Oracle Provisioning Integration Service

Event Notification

Engine

Policy &Workflow

Engine

Self-service (Pswds, preferences)

Corporate HR(Employee Enrollment)

Helpdesk Admin

eMail Admin

OID

Portal Admin

Pro

visi

on

ing

Co

nn

ecto

rs

OracleAS

Single Sign-on

Single Sign-On

PKI, pwd, Win2K Native Auth…

SecureID, Biokey,

ERP,CRM,…

eMail

Portal

Partner SSO (Netegrity, RSA, Oblix)

Partner SSO Enabled Environment

OracleAS Enabled Environment

OID

Extranet

Extranet

Federation / Liberty

Integrates Oracle and partner-SSO enabled apps

Transparent access to DB Tier, 3rd party web apps

Multiple AuthN options Different auth modes to match

application security levels

Demonstration

IdM: SSO

SSO Benefits 1) Tightly integrated with the Oracle product

stack 2) Easy to deploy, part of Oracle Identity

Management 3) Supports PKI authentication with industry

standard X.509V3 certificates 4) Accepts Microsoft Kerberos tokens for easy

authentication in a windows environment 5) Integrated with Oracle Certificate Authority

(OCA) for easy provisioning of X.509V3 certificates using OCA

Certificate Authority

Solution for strong

authentication / PKI

Easy provisioning of X.509v3

digital certificates for end

users

Web Based certificate

management and

administration

Seamless integration with

Oracle Application Server

Single Sign-On & OID

User

OracleCertificateAuthority

Metadata Repository

Secure IT Facility

OracleSingle

Sign-On

OracleInternet

Directory

Future support

SAML (Security Assertions Meta Language) – facilitates interoperation and federation among security services.

SPML (Service Provisioning Meta Language) – XML standard that facilitates integration among provisioning

environments by defining the protocol for interaction between provisioning service components and agents representing provisioned services.

DSML– XML standard for exchanging directory data as well as invoke

directory operations over the Internet.

Future support (con’t)

XKMS– XML Key Management Specification. It is intended to simplify deployment

of PKI in a web services environment.

WS-Security – defines a set of SOAP extensions that can be used to provide message

confidentiality, message integrity, and secure token propagation between Web Services and their clients

Liberty Alliance standards define the framework and protocol for network identity based interactions among users and services within a federated identity management environment.

Delegated Administration Services Admin console w/ role-based

customization– User / group management– End-user vs Admin views– Admin delegation

End-user self-service– Self service provisioning– Set preferences, Org-chart– Pswd reset

Embeddable admin components– For integration with Apps

Extensively configurable– Accommodate new applications– Customize UI views

Demonstration

IdM: Delegated Admin Svs

Delegated Admin Benefits 1) Enables self service administration of passwords

and password resets 2) Enables administrative granularity of Identity

Management components 3) Centralized provisioning for web SSO and

enterprise user database access 4) Supports password or PKI based authentication 5) Self Service password management without the

intervention of an administrator 6) Delegated administrators, such as non-technical

managers, to create and manage both users and groups

7) Allows users to search parts of the directory to which they have access

Client Client AuthenticatesAuthenticatesTo App ServerTo App Server

Securely Proxies User Securely Proxies User Identity to RDBMSIdentity to RDBMS

OIDOIDIIdentities, Rolesdentities, Roles& Authorizations& Authorizations

Grid ComputingEnd-to-End Security

• Retrieve Retrieve Authorizations Authorizations for Usersfor Users

• Connect users Connect users to Application to Application SchemaSchema

Authenticate userAuthenticate user

Application GridApplication Grid Data GridData Grid

AS10g r2 New 3-tier features

Via proxy authentication, including credential proxy of X.509 certificates or Distinguished Names (DN) to the Oracle Database

Support for Type 2 JDBC driver, connection pooling for ‘application users’ (Type 2 and Type 4 JDBC Drivers, OCI)

Integration with Oracle Identity Management for Enterprise Users (EUS).

Demonstration

User Security

User Security Benefits 1) Enables centralized management of traditional

application users in Oracle Identity Management 2) Oracle Identity Management directory

integration services can be used for bi-directional synchronization with existing Identity Management infrastructures (AD, SunOne/iPlanet, Netscape)

3) Optionally map users to shared schemes or retain individual account mappings in database for complete application transparency

4) Optionally manage database roles in Oracle Identity Management infrastructure

5) Optionally can be used with Oracle Label Security to maintain security clearances in Oracle Identity Management

My.

ora

cle.

com

Employees

Self-registered TechNet users

Oracle Technology Network

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

Oracle Files

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

Global Mail

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

Calendar

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

Web Mail / Calendar

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

ExtranetDMZ

Employees

Corporate Network

HR

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

Web ConferencingIntranet Web

AppsIntranet WebAppsIntranet Web

AppsIntranet WebApps

IDs, passwords, profiles, prefs

E-Business Apps

Oracle IT: Before ID Mgmt

Numerous Ids / Passwords & Sign-On

Partners / Suppliers

My.

ora

cle.

comEmployee

s

Self-registered TechNet users

Oracle Technology Network

Oracle Files

Global Mail

Calendar

Web Mail / Calendar

Extranet DMZEmployee

s

Corporate Network

HR

Web Conferencing

Intranet WebAppsIntranet Web

AppsIntranet WebAppsIntranet Web

Apps

E-Business Apps

Oracle IT: After ID Mgmt

Partners / Suppliers

Oracle IdM Infrastructure

Single ID/Pswd & SSO

Oracle IdM Summary Oracle Identity Management is a complete

infrastructure providing – directory services– directory synchronization– user provisioning– delegated administration– web single sign-on– and an X.509v3 certificate authority.

Oracle Identity Management is designed to provide ready, out-of-the-box deployment for Oracle applications, as well as serve as a general-purpose identity management infrastructure for the enterprise and beyond.

Break

15 minutes

Privacy & Access Control

Oracle9i/10g Secure Application Role

• Secure application role is a role enabled by security code

• Application asks database to enable role (can be called transparently)

• Security code performs desired validation before setting role (privileges)

CREATE ROLE SAR identified using SCHEMA_USER.PACKAGE_NAME;

Oracle9i 10g

User A, HR ApplicationUser A, Financials Application

User A, Ad-Hoc Reports

JDBC / Net8 / ODBC

Secure Application Role Benefits Security policy can

check anything:– time of day– day of week– IP address/domain– Local or remote

connection– user connected through

application– X.509 data, etc.

Database controls whether privileges are enabled

Multiple applications can access database securely

Allows secure handshake between applications and database

Demonstration

Secure Application Role

Oracle Database 10g Virtual Private Database

Column Relevant Policies– Policy enforced only if specific columns are

referenced– Increases row level security granularity

Store ID

AX703

B789C

JFS845

SF78SD

Revenue

10200.34

18020.34

12341.34

13243.34

Department

Finance

Engineering

Legal

HR

OK

Select store_id, revenue… (enforce)

Oracle Database 10g Virtual Private Database

Column Filtering– Optional VPD configuration to return all rows but

filter out column values in rows which don’t meet criteria

OK

OK

OK

OK

Store ID

AX703

B789C

JFS845

SF78SD

Revenue

10200.34

18020.34

12341.34

13243.34

Department

Finance

Engineering

Legal

HR

Select revenue…..(enforce)

Demonstration

Virtual Private Database

Object Access Control

DATA TABLE

SELECT

Org ASELECT

Org B

Oracle9i/10g Label Security

Out-of-the-box, customizable row level security Design based on stringent commercial and

government requirements for row level security

Sensitivity LabelSensitivity Label

PublicPublic

SensitiveSensitive

Highly SensitiveHighly Sensitive

Confidential : EuropeConfidential : Europe

ProjectProject

AX703

B789C

JFS845

SF78SD

LocationLocation

Chicago

Dallas

Chicago

Miami

DepartmentDepartment

Corporate Affairs

Engineering

Legal

Human Resource

Components of Label Security

Levels– Sensitivity Level (e.g., “Top Secret, Secret,

Unclassified”) Compartments

– (‘X’,’Y’,’Z’), User must possess all Groups for “Need to Know”

– Hierarchical– Supports Organization Infrastructure

Label Components are the encoding within data labels and user labels that determine access.

Oracle Label Security

Application Table

Oracle Label Security AuthorizationsConfidential : Partners

Sensitivity Label

Public

Confidential: Partners

Company Confidential

Company Confidential

Project

AX703

B789C

JFS845

SF78SD

Location

Boston

Denver

Boston

Miami

Department

Finance

Engineering

Legal

HR

OK

OK

Oracle9Oracle9iiOLSOLS

Demonstration

Oracle Label Security

Fine-grained Auditing

Select name, salary from emp where name = ‘KING’, <timestamp>, <username>

Audit Record Shows...

Enforce Audit Policy in Database

Employee Table

...Where Salary > 500000AUDIT COLUMN = Salary

Select name, salary from emp where...

User Queries...

“ …Companies that properly maintain the security of their

systems will eliminate 90 percent of all potential exploits. Companies that fail to take these precautions should prepare for breaches at an

increasing rate.”

“ …Companies that properly maintain the security of their

systems will eliminate 90 percent of all potential exploits. Companies that fail to take these precautions should prepare for breaches at an

increasing rate.”

- Giga Information

The Expert View

Stored Data Encryption

DBMS_OBFUSCATION (9i)

DBMS_CRYPTO (10g)

Credit Card !3Asjfk234 #k230d23* J@aK.2ejfk #dkal3j49I3!

FirstDianaPaulJuliaSteven

LastRobertsNelsonPattersonDrake

Store Id100200100300

Oracle9Oracle9iiDatabaseDatabase

Supported Encryption Standards

AES (128, 192 and 256 Key)RC4 (40, 56, 128, 256 Key)3DES (2 Key and 3 Key)MD5SHA1

Demonstration

Data Encryption

Advanced Security Option

Encryption for data in motion– RSA RC4 Public Key Encryption– 40, 56 and 128 bit key lengths– Support for Data Encryption Standard (DES)

algorithm– Support for Message Digest 5 (MD5)

checksumming algorithm

Advanced Security Option

Authentication device support– RADIUS device– Token cards (securID for example)– Biometric devices

Secure Socket Layer– With X.509 V3 certificate support

Support for Open Software Foundation’s Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)

Threats to Networks and Internet

1. Data Theft

Eavesdropperscan seeall data

x

2. Data Modification or Replay

x3. Data Disruption Packets can be

stolen -- data never arrives

$500 becomes $50,000

Demonstration

Network Encryption

Oblix

Brief Overview and Roadmap

Oblix: Pure-Play Product Leader

Gartner: “Leader” in Access

Management

Loosely Coupled: “Leader” in Web

Services Management

AbilityTo

Execute

Source Gartner Research(June 2004)

Oblix COREidCOREid Access

Web Single Sign-On

Flexible Authentication Methods

Policy-based Authorization

COREid Provisioning

Template-based workflow

Agent and Agentless account provisioning

Metadirectory synchronization

Password synchronization

Cross-platform connectivity

COREid Reporting

Centralized auditing

Pre-built identity and security reports

Global View user access

Robust logging framework

COREid Integration

Pre-built Connectors – to leading application servers, web servers, portal servers, and directory servers.

“Data Anywhere” Configuration

Benefits

Increased Security

Integrated solution

Define and enforce security, administrative, and access control policies consistently across enterprise applications

Increased Compliance

Audit events across entire enterprise

Who has access to which applications

Access control managed per attribute

Meet Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA, and Gramm-Leach-Bliley compliance

Increased Governance

Centralized policy definition with localized enforcement

User, Group, and Organization Management

Delegated Administration

Self Service and Self Registration

Unified Workflow

Identity Web Services Controls

Password Management

COREid Identity

Delegated Admin Service

Meta Directory (DIP)

Directory (OID)

Cert. Authority / PKI(OCA)

OracleAS SSO

Provisioning Integration (DIP)

Federation(Liberty / SAML-2.0)

Web Authorization

Virtual Directory

Provisioningconnectors

COREid Access

COREid Provisioning

COREid Identity

10g / 10.1.3 Oblix

Current Portfolios

Identity Grid Control

COREsv Web Services Management

Oracle / Oblix IdM Integration Roadmap

SHAREidIdentity Federation

Access Control

Integrated Portfolio

Directory (OID)

Identity Provisioning

Meta-Directory

Certificate Authority

SSO

WS Management Gateway

OracleAS Option

Virtual Directory

ID Grid Control

Auditing & Reporting

Oracle Identity Mgmt

Integration Roadmap

COREid Provisioning

COREid Identity &Access

Immediate Availability

Directory (OID)

Delegated Admin Service

Provisioning Integration

Certificate Authority

Oracle AS SSO

WS Management (COREsv)

Oracle-Oblix IdM

Oracle Identity Mgmt

OracleAS Option

COREid Federation

IdM – What does Oracle offer today?

YesIdentity Integration

Directory

Virtual Directory Meta-Directory

Identity & Access Mgmt

PKI Certificate Services

Password Management

Web Authorizations

Identity Federation

Security Monitoring &

Audit Services

Privacy & Compliance

ManagementSSO

DelegatedAdmin

Policy Based Access Ctrl

Role Based Access Ctrl

Non-web & 3rd party SSO

Oracle - Full FunctionalityOracle - Full Functionality

Oracle - Limited FunctionalityOracle - Limited Functionality Planned FunctionalityPlanned FunctionalityPartner OfferingPartner Offering

Enterprise Provisionin

gAutomation

Current offering with Oblix today

YesIdentity Integration

Directory

Virtual Directory Meta-Directory

Identity & Access Mgmt

PKI Certificate Services

Password Management

Web Authorizations

Identity Federation

Security Monitoring &

Audit Services

Privacy & Compliance

ManagementSSO

DelegatedAdmin

Policy Based Access Ctrl

Role Based Access Ctrl

Non-web & 3rd party SSO

Oracle - Full FunctionalityOracle - Full Functionality

Oracle - Limited FunctionalityOracle - Limited Functionality Planned FunctionalityPlanned FunctionalityPartner OfferingPartner Offering

Enterprise Provisionin

gAutomation

Thursday, August 11, 20058:00 am - 11:00 am

(Breakfast & Registration at 8:00am)

Oracle Office - Cincinnati 312 Elm Street

Suite 1525Cincinnati, OH 45202

•Oracle COREid Access & Identity

•Oracle COREid Federation

•Oracle COREid Provisioning

•Oracle Single Sign On/Oracle Internet Directory

•Oracle Application Server, Enterprise Edition

•Oracle Web Services Manager

http://www.oracle.com/webapps/events/EventsDetail.jsp?p_eventId=42000&src=3830746&src=3830746&Act=41

AQ&Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S

A N S W E R SA N S W E R S

Additional Slides

Security Tips 101

“Oracle Security Step-by-step”– By Pete Finnigan– SANS Press

Security Tips 101

Keep up with security patches!– Security alerts from Oracle Technology Network site– Security Issues Website

Security Tips 101

Check your file system privileges

If on Windows, use NTFS not FAT or FAT32

Prevent seeing passwords with UNIX “ps” command–Note 136480.1 or 1009091.6

Check privileges on export files in OS

Security Tips 101

If a full export is done to populate a test database, immediately change all passwords

No database user except SYS must have:–ALTER SYSTEM–ALTER SESSION

Security Tips 101 Change default passwords:

– List of default users and passwords– Where to get this list

SYS should not be “CHANGE_ON_INSTALL” !!!! SYSTEM should not be “MANAGER” !!!!

Security Tips 101

Check scripts that are in the file system that have embedded passwords!

Make sure REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT = FALSE–(Allows login without password)

REMOTE_OS_ROLES = FALSE also

Check for all users with DBA role

Check for users or roles with an “ANY” privilege–UPDATE ANY TABLE

–DROP ANY TABLE

Security Tips 101

Revoke RESOURCE role from normal users

No users or roles should have access to:–dba_users–Sys.link$

–Sys.user$–Sys.user_history$

These have clear text passwords!

Security Tips 101

Make sure your listener has a password

Use “Current User” database links if possible –“CONNECT TO CURRENT USER”

Check database links from Test, Dev and QA

instances. Remove any that are not absolutely necessary

Avoid plain text passwords in batch files. Use an

encryption utilityAvoid external accounts for batch processes

Security Tips 101

Use the Oracle Security Checklists:– 9i R2 Security Checklist– 9iAS Security Checklist

Or third party utilities to check your security Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g includes

Security Checking

Security Tips 101 1. Only two highly trusted DBAs have sys privileges 2. All other DBAs log in using unique user IDs and those

IDs be granted ONLY the privileges needed to do their job.

3. Partition responsibilities as much as possible between the DBAs

4. Security administration, not DBAs, have the ability to grant or change access privileges

5. Employ strong password policies 6. Audit ALL activities the DBAs do 7. Audit ALL activities the two trusted DBAs do both in

their regular login and when connected as sys. (9iR2 and higher)

Security Tips 101 8. Audit logs are locked out of DBAs reach and

monitored and reviewed by security administration, possibly stored on a separate system

9. Replicate the logs to help identify if a log has been tampered with

10. Audit ALL DML on the audit logs 11. Set up fine grained auditing alerts on key

information when there is attempted access by unauthorized persons. These alerts are sent to the security administrator.

12. If offshore DBA services are employed, track everything they do very closely and restrict what they can see or do.