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Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Exadata SIG 12c – Database & Enterprise Manager
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Jan van Tiggelen Principal Sales Consultant Oracle Database Technology
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c Oracle
7.3.4
Oracle
8.0.6
Oracle
8.1.7.4
Oracle
9.0.1.4
Oracle
9.2.0.8
Oracle
10.1.0.5
Oracle
10.2.0.5
Oracle
11.1.0.7
Oracle
11.2.0.2
Oracle
12.1.0.1/2
Oracle 7.3 (GA: 1996)
Oracle 8.0 (GA: 1997
Oracle 8.1 (GA: 1998)
Oracle 9.0 (GA: 2001)
Oracle 9.2 (GA: Jul 2002)
Oracle 10.1 (GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2 (GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1 (GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2 (GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1 (GA: Jun 2013)
DIRECT 11.2.0.2
DIRECT 11.1.0.7
DIRECT 10.2.0.5
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 7.3.4
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 8.0.6
10.2.0.5 8.1.7.4
10.2.0.5 9.0.1.4
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8
11.2.0.2 10.1.0.5
Please note: This graph will apply to database upgrades only!
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Upgrade Options to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle 11.1
Less Downtime?
Oracle 11.2.0.1/2
Oracle 10.2
Oracle 11.2.0.3/4
Near-Zero Downtime?
Transportable Tablespaces
Logical Standby
Golden Gate +
Transient Standby
Full Transportable Export/Import
RMAN Inc Bck +
expdp/impdp
catctl.pl
DBUA HW
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• catctl.pl
• Runs database upgrade in parallel
• Up to 40% faster upgrade
• Used and proven by selected Oracle Database 11g global customers
– Telco billing
– >100 SAP systems
– Large DWH
New Parallel Upgrade
Faster Upgrade – Less Downtime
catctl.pl
script3.sql script2.sql script1.sql
script4.sql
script5.sql
script6.sql
script6.sql
script7.sql
script8.sql
script9.sql
script10.sql
script11.sql
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Mass Upgrades
• Grid Infrastructure Upgrades
• RAC Database Upgrades
• Standby Database Upgrades
Note: Requires Lifecycle Management Pack
EM Cloud Control
Enterprise Manager Mass and RAC Upgrades
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Migration Options to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle 11.1
Less Downtime?
Oracle 11.2.0.1/2
Oracle 10.2
Oracle 11.2.0.3/4
Near-Zero Downtime?
Golden Gate +
Full Transportable Export/Import
RMAN Inc Bck +
Transportable Tablespaces
expdp/impdp
SQL*Loader
CTAS, COPY
TDB Only same Endianness
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database and Exadata Compression
Different Ways to Upgrade and Migrate to Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database Compression Overview Compression Feature Application Fit Availability
Query Compression • Data Warehouses
• Scan Oriented Access
Exadata/SuperCluster, ZFS Storage (NAS), Axiom (SAN)
Archive Compression • All Applications
• Cold / Historical Data
Exadata/SuperCluster, ZFS Storage (NAS), Axiom (SAN)
OLTP Table Compression • All Applications
• Actively Updated Data
Database 11g Advanced Compression
SecureFiles Comp/De-dupe • All Applications
• Unstructured (File) Data
Database 11g Advanced Compression
Network Compression • Data Guard Redo
• Transport Compression
Database 11g Advanced Compression
Backup Compression • RMAN Compression
• Data Pump Compression
Database 11g Advanced Compression
Basic Compression • Direct Path Load
• Data Warehousing
Database 9i Core Feature
Public 10
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Hybrid Columnar Compression Overview
• Hybrid Columnar Compressed Tables
– New Approach to Compress Database Tables and Partitions
– Compressed Tables Can Still be Modified using Conventional DML Operations, such as INSERT and UPDATE
– Useful for Data that is Bulk Loaded and Queried
•Update Activity is Light (Archive)
• How it Works
– Tables are Organized into Compression Units (CUs)
• Compression Units are Larger than Database Blocks
– Within Compression Unit, Data is Organized by Column Instead of by Row
• Column Organization Brings Similar Values Close Together, Enhancing Compression
Compression Unit
10x to 15x Storage Reduction
Public 11
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Heat Map
• Heat Map gives you a detailed view of how your data is being accessed, and how access patterns are changing over time
• Programmatic access to Heat Map data is available through a set of PL/SQL table functions, as well as through data dictionary views – Data modification times are tracked at the row level and aggregated to the block level
– Modification times, full table scan times, and index lookup times are tracked at the segment level
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
0101101110101010010100100100001000 1010101101001011010011100001010010
Archive Data
01110000101000101101110
10101001010010010000100
01010101101001011
010101001010010010001
Automatic Data Optimization Usage Based Data Compression
14
Hot Data
3X
Advanced Row Compression
Warm Data
1010101011101010011010111000010100010110
1110101010010100100100001000101010110100
1011010011100001010010010100001001000010
0010101011010010
10X
Columnar Query Compression
1000010100100101001010110111000010
10101010111010100110101110000101000101101110
10101001010010010000100010101011010010110100
11100001010010010100001001000010001010
101010101110101001101011100001010001011011
15X
Columnar Archive Compression
01110101010010 10000100010101 01011100001010
10101010111010100110101110
00010100010110111010101001
01001001000010001010101101
00101101001110000101001001
01000010010000100010101011
10011010
10100101001001000010001
1110010100100101001010110111011010
101010101110101001101011100001011101011001
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
AP OE GL
New Multitenant Architecture Memory and processes required at container level only
16
System Resources
GL OE AP
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
GL OE AP
Oracle Database Architecture More efficient utilization of system resources
17
System Resources
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Managing Shared Resources Resource management in a multitenant environment
18
GL OE AP
High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Exadata for Database as a Service (DBaaS)
Public 19
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Enterprise Database-as-a-Service
• Enterprise Database-as-a-Service is the new approach
• Consolidates and virtualizes hardware and software to dramatically reduce management and costs
• Brings cloud simplicity, standardization, and agility to databases in the enterprise
• Improves performance, availability and security while ensuring QoS for mixed workloads
Enterprise DBaaS
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Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
New Oracle DB 12c Multitenant Architecture Pluggable Databases (PDB) Share Resources and Administration
A Transformational Architecture for Database Cloud • Operational cost of one database and OS, benefits of many databases
• One database patch, upgrade, backup, standby, monitoring
• Dynamically provision or upgrade a database in minutes
• Completely transparent to Applications
Many Databases each in an OS & VM
Sales DB
Assets DB
Billing DB
VM
O/S
Parts DB
VM
O/S
VM
O/S
VM
O/S
Single O/S, No VMs Needed
Single Multitenant Database
Billing PDB
Parts PDB
Sales PDB
Assets PDB
Single Physical Container Database
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Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
End-to-End DBaaS and Platform Management
• End-to-End Management in a single pane
• Manage Database Services
• And Underlying Platform
– Hardware
• All Exadata components
– Software
• Deep Database and OS tools
Public 22
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Exadata Resource Management and Workload Balancing
Public 23
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
L L H
IORM: I/O Scheduling for Quality of Service
Finance Database
Exadata Storage Server
L L L
H H H H
Low Priority DSS Consumer Group Queue
OLTP Consumer Group Queue
I/O Resource Manager Finance Database
Sales Database
L L
H H H
Low Priority DSS Consumer Group Queue
OLTP Consumer Group Queue
Sales Database
Low Priority
High Priority
Public 24
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
IORM for Multiple Databases
• Manage I/Os between databases
• Important for database consolidation
• Configure an inter-database IORM plan
Inter-Database IORM Plan
Database Shares
Sales 4
Marketing 1
Support 1
Other 1
Shares for “Other” are used for all other
databases
Public 25
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Inter and Intra Database IORM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Disk Utilization
Support (1 share)
Marketing (1 share)
Sales (2 shares) - Batch (1 share)
Sales (2 shares) - Critical (4 shares)
Inter-database IORM plan controls how disk is utilized between
databases
Database resource plan controls how disk is utilized between
Consumer Groups in a database
Public 26
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Setting cpu_count: Partition Approach to Manage CPU
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
cpu_count settings • Partition CPUs among the database
instances
• sum(cpu_counts) <= # cpu threads
• Partitioning provides maximum isolation
• No CPU contention between instances
• But if one instance is idle, its CPU allocation is unused
• Best for performance-critical databases
Number of CPUs
Instance A: 8 CPUs
Instance B: 8 CPUs
Instance C: 4 CPUs
Instance D: 4 CPUs
Public 27
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Setting cpu_count: Over-Subscribe Approach
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
cpu_count settings • Over-subscribe the CPUs among the database instances
• sum(cpu_counts) <= 3 x # cpu threads
• Monitor CPU utilization to see if there’s room!
• Over-subscribing provides efficient CPU utilization
• Some contention for CPU if databases are sufficiently loaded
• Contention is controlled, so system is still stable
• Best for non-critical databases
Number of CPUs
Instance A: 8 CPUs
Instance B: 8 CPUs
Instance C: 8 CPUs
Instance D: 8 CPUs
Public 28
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Instance Caging to CDB Resource Plans • Pre-12c: databases managed with Instance Caging
• 12c: PDBs managed with CDB Resource Plans
• To convert from Instance Caging to CDB Resource plans
– Use cpu_count as PDB’s “share”
– Use cpu_count / num_cpus as PDB’s “utilization limit” (optional!)
Database Name cpu_count
SALES 16
MARKETING 8
SUPPORT 8
PDB Name Shares Utilization Limit
SYS 16 50%
GOLD 8 25%
SILVER 8 25%
is equivalent to
Public 29
Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Exadata Network Resource Management
• Exadata Network Resource Management uniquely prioritizes critical database messages through the entire fabric
– From database to InfiniBand card through InfiniBand switches to storage
– Latency sensitive messages prioritized over batch, reporting, and backup messages
– Log file writes have highest priority to ensure low latency transactions
• Compliments Exadata CPU and IO Resource management to ensure safe consolidation of workloads and databases
• Completely automatic & transparent 0
100000
200000
300000
400000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Tra
nsa
cti
on
s p
er
Se
c
Time
Without Network RM, OLTP
performance drops when a
network intensive workload is
introduced
Network Resource Management maintains steady performance
DB Version 11.2.0.4 or 12c, Switch 2.1.3-4
New
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