Ordanza, Ralph Mendel M. TI103 Sep. 3, 2015

Programs and Institutions, instituted here by the Spaniards during the 19th Century

I. Background

Encomienda

The economic is a land ownership system with the use of titulo as proof of ownership. These are the lands givne by the King of Spain to its soldiers who joined the military expeditions. The landlords are called encomendero.

Forced Labor (Polo y Servicio)

Poly y servicio is the forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16 to 60 years pf age who were obligated to give personal services to the community projects. One could be exempted from polo by paying the falla, a daily fine of one and a half real.

The Residencia and the Visita

To check the abuse of power of royal officials, two ancient castilian institutions were brought to the Philippines. The Residencia, dating back to the 5th century and the Visita differed from the residencia in that it was conducted clandestinely by a visitador-general sent from Spain and might occur anytime within the official’s term, without any previous notice. Visitas may be specific or general.

Manila-Acapulco galleon trade

The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade was the main source of income for the colony during its early years. Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19th century. The Galleon trade brought silver from New Spain, which was used to purchase Asian goods such as silk from China, spices from the Moluccas, lacquerware from Japan and Philippine cotton textiles.

Taxation

Taxation is a system income-generating mechanisms introduced by the Spanish colonial government. Direct taxes are personal tribute and income tax. Indirect taxes are custom duties and the bandala. These are enforced contribution of the people to Spanish government In 1884, the tribute was replaced by cedula personal.

II. RRR

What is Frailocracy?

Friar means male member of religious ordered who lives in cloistered monasteries and doing religious service. Kratos from Greek word for rule or power. Hence, Frailocracy means rule of the friars.

III. Sources: http://www.slideshare.net/shielambb/spanish-8824883 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898) https://prezi.com/sokjbjhltnlj/frailocracy/