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• Optimization
• Mastering the planning objectives
• Demo: Carmen Crew Pairing
• Demo: Carmen Crew Rostering
• Summary
Crew Planning
Optimization
Better optimization means more room for increased stability and more business opportunities.
Optimization
• Predictability
• Flexibility
• Holistic view
• Best of breed optimization always pays off
Optimization
Target Mastery
Change Power
Power Integration
Products concepts
Flexibility
Stability
Control
SavingsSpeed Satisfied crew
Simulation capability
Process changes
No sub-optimization
Good forecasting
Optimization
Target Mastery
• Know what you get
• Create scenarios
• Create low cost solutions
• Create stable solutions
• Investigate trade-offs
Optimization
Control and predictability of results
• You can always change your mind
• New agreements, new bases, revised timetables, etc
• Decrease the lead-time of change (of both solution properties and the process itself)
• Consistent legality, quality and cost constraints in all systems
Change Power
Optimization
The ability to quickly implement new business rules and processes
Power Integration
• Don’t sub-optimize
• Always use best of breed applications
• Always regard all necessary resources
• Always have access to relevant data
Simultaneous optimization and integration of different resources
Optimization
Select the a number of pairings, such that all legs are covered and the total cost is minimised. This is a very hard optimization problem.
Optimization: Set partitioning
min cxAx=b
min C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
leg 1 1 1 0 1 0 = 1leg 2 1 1 0 0 0 = 1leg 3 0 0 1 0 1 = 1leg 4 0 1 1 1 0 = 1leg 5 1 0 1 1 1 = 1
Flight or pairing
Rosters or crew pairings
Optimization
???The Optimization methods allows a global approach where the total cost/quality is important.
(Individual extreme cases can of course still be avoided.)
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Optimize
Optimization
Carmen Rave
• The same legality tool in all products
• Short lead-times to introduce new rules
• Very important when performing simulations
• Clients estimate that Rave gives more than 2% additional savings
RULE max_duty =%duty% <= 10:00;REMARK “Maximal duty”;
END
Optimization
Deutsche Bahn
Air France
Lufthansa
British Airways
Core product
• Legality• Quality• Costs • Reports• Interfaces• Colours• etc...
• Optimization methods• GUI• Modelling tools like Rave and the report generator• Basic functionality
Optimization
Optimization Benefits
• Reduce costs
• Increase stability
• Easy to change business rules and processes
• Control planning trade-off effects (e.g. cost, stability, crew influence)
• Detailed simulations to support informed decisions
Optimization
Mastering the planning objectives
Product Overview
Carmen Crew CommunicatorCarmen Crew Communicator
Rosters
Carmen Roster Maintenance
Carmen Roster Maintenance
Carmen Crew Pairing
Carmen Crew Pairing
Carmen Crew Rostering
Carmen Crew Rostering
Anonymous pairings
Carmen Crew Tracking
Carmen Crew Tracking
Aircraft Routings
Carmen Aircraft Tracking
Carmen Aircraft Tracking
Carmen Fleet Assignment
Carmen Fleet Assignment
Anonymous fleet assignment
Carmen Rave (Global Modelling Language)Carmen Rave (Global Modelling Language)
Carmen Time Table ManagerCarmen Time Table Manager
Ca
rme
n
Inte
gra
ted
O
pe
ratio
ns
Co
ntro
l
Carmen Tail Assignment
Carmen Tail Assignment
Carmen Passenger Tracking
Carmen Passenger Tracking
• Improved utilization of resources
• Increased operational stability
• Measurability and control
• Increased service level to the end consumer (passenger, cargo)
The Planning Objectives
Improved utilization of resources
• Reduce crew size
• Reduce crew costs (e.g. hotel, per diem, positioning, etc)
• Allow crew to influence their rosters
Planning Objectives
Increased operational stability
• Start planning later
• Plan crew to minimise delays (e.g. crew synchronisation, buffers)
• Synchronise crew and fleet (minimize critical aircraft changes)
Planning Objectives
Measurability and control
• Simulate effects from changes (new union agreements, changed crew base structure, fleet restructuring, etc)
• Cost control of the entire process
• Reduce complexity in planning process (e.g. remove lose-lose rules, put crew in control over quality aspects)
• Increase predictability in result (by making quality, cost and stability aspects independent of individual interpretations)
Planning Objectives
• Integration within planning
• Simulations to support long-term decisions
• Simulations as a part of the planning process
• Simulations to explain results
Integration and Simulation
Integration within crew planning
• Regard roster pre-assignments when creating pairings
• Allow pairings to be moved between bases in rostering
• Create preliminary pairings and rosters to find future bottlenecks
• Connect the planning more with the post-planning processes
• Evaluate pairings and rosters returned from day of operations
Integration and Simulation
Simulations to support long-term decisions
• The potential in renegotiating the crew agreements
• The consequence of detailed changes
• The consequence of changing the base distribution
• The consequence of a new flight schedule, network or a new fleet structure
• The consequence of changing the payment structure
Integration and Simulation
Simulations as part of the planning process
Always produce plans for
– Real plans
– Lowest possible cost
– Industrial rules benchmarking
– Crew requests status report
• Easier to perform relevant reporting to upper management
• Increase the cost awareness in the planning department
• Promotes planners to explore the new technology
Integration and Simulation
Integration and Simulation
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB 2001 2002
Published
No quality and no PBS
Max PBS
Industrialregulations
Cost
Published Key Figures
Explaining results
• “The meaning with any change is to trick us into working more!“
• “Why are we having less block time per crew than airline X?“
• “How can the planning be efficient when I have two blank days, and three deadheads in my roster this month?"
Integration and Simulation
Minimizing crew costs and achieving stability
Carmen Crew Rostering
Carmen Crew Pairing – Short Demo
• Create a solution (both seasonal and dated)
• Create many scenarios
• Analyse the result
• Manual operations
• Always legality control
• Apply seasonal planningto a new time period
• Change legality
Carmen Crew Pairing
. . . . . .
Select flights and start an optimization session in the background
Carmen Crew Pairing – Start the optimizer
Open flights
. . . . . .
It is always possibleto monitor the optimization sessions, and to analyzeavailable sub solutions
Crew pairings
Total solution cost for each improved solution
Carmen Crew Pairing – Start the optimizer
Key figures are always available both from the monitoring system andfrom the pairing editor
Carmen Crew Pairing – Monitor the solutions
Dated pairings
Additional open flights
And some pairings becomes illegal
Roll out weekly pairing solution
It is possible to apply an already available standard pairing to a new period.
Some pairings contains cancelled flights
Carmen Crew Pairing – Rolling-out
The system can repair a a standard solution applied on a new period
Carmen Crew Pairing – Repair solution
Carmen Crew Pairing – Directly to dated
It is also possible to perform dated planning directly from open flights
The system makes sure that no illegal pairings are created by the optimization or in the pairing editor
Carmen Crew Pairing – Legality control
Generic control panel for legality, quality and cost
Illegal pairing
Adding a rule with Carmen Rave
RULE max_duty =%duty% <= 10:00;REMARK “Maximal duty”;
END
Carmen Crew Pairing – Changing legality
Adding a new legality rule to the system
Generic control panel for legality, quality and cost
A Rave programmer creates the rule
The system immediately respects the new rule
Carmen Crew Pairing – Changing legality
Lowering crew costs and high quality of life
Carmen Crew Rostering
Carmen Crew Rostering – Short Demo
• Manual editing of rosters
• Look for resource bottlenecks
• Create a solution
• Analysis reports
• Changing legality
• Create scenarios
• Improve an already existing solution
Carmen Crew Rostering
Carmen Crew Rostering
Select crew members and open production (e.g. crew pairings and standby blocks)
Production from previous planning period
Pre-plannedtime off
Open production (pairings and standby blocks)
Ground duty
Previous planning periods
Time-off request
Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction
It is always possible to edit details in a solution, at any stage.
Assigning internal meetings to administrative pilots.
Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction
Copying parts of a roster.
Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction
Forecast report
Crew Rostering – Analyse the problem
Run production forecast report.
Critical resource situation
Crew Rostering – Start the optimizer
Cover production
Stability
Requests
Fairness
Set trade-off settings and start optimizer
Controlling Trade-off effects
• Productivity (few crew members, low hotel and allowance cost, etc)
• Stability (rest buffers on strategic duty, efficient stand-by patterns, etc)
• Fairness (fair distribution of free weekends, attractive layovers, etc)
• Individual preferences / crew requests(late check in, short pairings, specific time off, etc)
• Service level, long-term stability, high revenue flights, etc
Crew Rostering – Trade-offs
It is always possible to monitor each scenario while it is being further improved.
Total solution cost for each improved solution
Comparing quality of long-term duty distribution, preferences and fairness
All open production covered
Carmen Crew Rostering – Monitor the solutions
Any reports can be created with Rave Publisher. (The example shows a roster overview and crew requests.)
Carmen Crew Rostering – Monitor the solutions
Carmen Crew Rostering – Improving or scenarios
It is always possible to improve a scenario even further, e.g. by changingsome parameters.
It is always possible to improve a scenario even further, e.g. by changingsome parameters.
Carmen Crew Rostering – Improving or scenarios
Summary
• More efficient crew planning
• Easy to change objectives and processes
• Cost and stability control
• Simulations and scenarios
• Crew requests
