1. Optimising Concrete in EC2Ian Gibbwww.urs-scottwilson.com

2. Learning Points Raw Materials Optimising Concrete Properties www.urs-scottwilson.com 3. www.urs-scottwilson.com 4. Portland cementwww.urs-scottwilson.com 5. Cement hydration Portland cement (1000x) www.urs-scottwilson.com 6. Cement hydrationCHCHHEAT CHCalcium Calcium Silica - HydrateSilica Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2C-S-H Alumina CH CHwww.urs-scottwilson.com 7. VoidsVoids within C-S-H 0.001 m CH 0.01 mCH Capillary voids 0.1 m CHCH 1.0 m 10 m CHCH 100 mCH 1mmCHEntrapped voids 10mm www.urs-scottwilson.com 8. Cement hydration CHCHCH CH C-S-HC-S-H CHCHwww.urs-scottwilson.com 9. Cement Additions Portland cement (20 m) GGBS (