OptImI ze E nErgy quaLiTy - LEGRAND · PDF filecapacItOr bank InstallatIOns 08 ... Detuned reactors and capacitors ... but a simpler method consists of referring to a

World Headquarters and International Department 128, av du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny 87045 Limoges Cedex - France tél : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 87 87 fax : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 88 88 e-mail : [email protected]

www.legrandgroup.com

TEChniCaL guidE & CaTaLoguE | EnErgy CoMpEnsaTionand powEr quaLiTy MoniToring

OptImIze E n E r gy quaLiTy

1

Phase shift-energies-power ................................................................................................................................. 02 Introduction 02 Phase shift between current and voltage 02Power factor .......................................................................................................................................................... 03

Advantages ............................................................................................................................................................ 04Installing capacitors or capacitor banks ............................................................................................................... 04Power diagram ...................................................................................................................................................... 05Power factor of main receivers ............................................................................................................................. 05

Formula and example ........................................................................................................................................... 06 Formula 06 Example 06 Reactive compensation of transformers 06Capacitor power calculation table ......................................................................................................................... 07

Levels of installation ............................................................................................................................................. 08 Global installation 08 Sector installation 08 Individual installation 08Compensation of asynchronous motors ................................................................................................................ 09Protection and connection of capacitors ............................................................................................................... 10 Protection 10 Connection (cable design) 10

Compensation systems ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Fixed capacitor banks 11 Automatic capacitor banks 11Compensation types .............................................................................................................................................. 12

DefInItIOns 02

HOW tO ImprOve tHe pOWer factOr 04

HOW tO calculate tHe reactIve pOWer 06

capacItOr bank InstallatIOns 08

cOmpensatIOn systems anD types 11

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 13Detuned reactors and capacitors .......................................................................................................................... 14 Influence of harmonics on capacitors 14 Protection of capacitors 15Harmonic filters .................................................................................................................................................... 15

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 16Alptec network analysers ...................................................................................................................................... 17

HarmOnIcs 13

yOur electrIcal netWOrk unDer cOntrOl 16

catalOgue pages 18

Take advantage of Legrand group integrated solutions for global projects in low and high voltage, available across different catalogues: energy compensation, network analyzers Zucchini cast resin transformers and busbars, ...

OptImIze energy qualIty

HIgH vOltage

HIgH vOltage energy cOmpensatIOn

pOWer qualIty mOnItOrIng

lOW vOltage energy cOmpensatIOn

lOW vOltage

ZUCCH INI TRANSFORMERS(Contact us)- From 100 to 20000 kVA- Cast resin transformers- Certified Low Emission (CLE)

CAPACITORS AND CAPACITOR BANKS (Contact us)- Very high resistance to strong electrical fields- Very low power losses, enabling considerable savings for high power capacitor banks

POWER QUALITY ANALYZERS (p. 30-33)Alptec on-site real time power quality analyzers: dips, swells, waveforms, power quality reports, flicker, harmonics...

VACUUM TECHNOLOgY CAPACITORS (p. 18-20)Alpivar2 from 2.5 to 100 kVAR

AUTOMATIC CAPACITOR BANKS (p. 22-28)Alpimatic and Alpistatic ranges from 12.5 to 720 kVAR

HIgH POWER ZUCCHINI BUSBARS(Contact us)- For transport and distribution of High Power- Safe, flexible and fast installation system- Designed for minimized electromagnetic emissions- Reduced weight comparing to traditional installations

SCP ZUCCHINI BUSBARS- From 630 to 5000 A- IP 55, super-compact busbars, with reduced impedance

HR ZUCCHINI BUSBARS- From 1000 to 5000 A- With aluminium alloy conductors or copper conductors

2 3

Def

InIt

IOn

s

pOWer factOr

By definition, the power factor, or the cos ϕ, of an electrical device is equal to the ratio of the active power p (kw) over the apparent power s (kVa) and can vary from 0 to 1.

it can thus be used to identify the level of reactive energy consumption of devices easily.

• a power factor equal to 1 will result in a zero reactive energy consumption (pure resistance).

• a power factor less than 1 will result in reactive energy consumption which increases as it approaches 0 (pure inductance).

in an electrical installation, the power factor may be different from one workshop to another depending on the devices installed and the way in which they are used (offload, full-load operation, etc.).

since energy metering devices measure the active and reactive energy consumptions more easily, electrical utilities, have chosen to use the term tg ϕ on the electricity bills of its customers.

Introductionan alternating current electrical installation, including receivers such as transformers, motors, welding machines, power electronics, etc., and in particular any receiver for which the current is out-of-phase in relation to the voltage, absorbs a total energy called the apparent energy (E app).

• active energy (Ea): expressed in kilowatt hours (kwh). it can be used, after being transformed by the receiver, in the form of work or heat. This energy corresponds to the active power p (kw).

• reactive energy (Er): expressed in kilovar hours (kvarh). it is particularly used in motor and transformer windings to create the magnetic field which is essential for operation. This energy corresponds to the reactive power q (kvar). unlike the previous energy, this energy is said to be «unproductive» for the user.

pHase sHIft - energIes - pOWer

Definitions

ø

Eapp (S)Er (Q)

Ea (P)

Phase shift between current and voltage (angle )This energy, which is generally expressed in kilovoltampere-hours (kVah), corresponds to the apparent power s (kVa) and can be broken down as follows:

energies calculation

powers calculation

For a single-phase supply, the term 3 disappears

Eapp = Ea +Er

Eapp = (P)2 +(Q)2

S =P + Q

S = (P)2 +(Q)2

S = 3UI

3UQ = 3U

For three-phase supply:

tg ϕ calculation

cos =S (kVA)P (kw) Tg ϕ is the quotient between the reactive energy Er

(kvarh) and the active energy Ea (kwh) used during the same period.

unlike cos ϕ, it is easy to see that the value of tg ϕ must be as low as possible in order to have the minimum reactive energy consumption.

The relationship between Cos ϕ and tg ϕ is given by the following equation:

but a simpler method consists of referring to a conversion table (see p. 7).

tg =Ea (kWh)

Er (kvarh)

cos =1 + (tg )2

1

ø

U, I

ω t

U

I

P =

4 5

equations

HO

W t

O Im

pr

Ove

tH

e p

OW

er f

act

Or

pOWer factOr Of maIn receIvers

The receivers which consume the most reactive energy are:- low-load motors- welding machines- arc and induction furnaces- power rectifiers

a good power factor makes it possible to optimise an electrical installation and provides the following advantages:

n no billing for reactive energy

n decrease in the subscribed power in kVa

How to improve the power factor

aDvantages

a good power factor is:a high cos ϕ (close to 1) or low tg ϕ (close to 0)

improving the power factor of an electrical installation consists of giving it the means to produce a varying proportion of the reactive energy that it consumes itself.

different systems are available to produce reactive energy, particularly phase advancers and shunt capacitors (or serial capacitors for major transport networks).

The capacitor is most frequently used thanks to: • its non-consumption of active energy, • its purchasing cost, • its easy use, • its service life (approximately 10 years), • its very low maintenance (static device).

The capacitor is a receiver composed of two conducting parts (electrodes) separated by an insulator. when this receiver is subjected to a sinusoidal voltage, it shifts its current, and therefore its (capacitive reactive) power, by 90° forward the voltage.

pOWer DIagram

InstallIng capacItOrs Or capacItOr banks

AvP

AR

S2

S1

0ø2

ø1

Qc

Q1

Q2

Qc

U

q2 = q1-qc qc = q1-q2 qc = p.tg ϕ 1-p.tg ϕ 2

p: active powers1 and s2: apparent powers (before and after compensation)qc: reactive power of capacitorq1: reactive power without capacitorq2: reactive power with capacitor

* ϕ 1 phase shift without capacitor* ϕ 2 phase shift with capacitor

Qc = P(tg ϕ 1-tg ϕ 2)

receIver cOs ϕ tg ϕ

Ordinaryasynchronousmotors loaded at

0% 0.17 5.8025% 0.55 1.5250% 0.73 0.9475% 0.80 0.75

100% 0.85 0.62

Incandescent lamps approx. 1 approx. 0

fluorescent lamps approx. 0.5 approx. 1.73

Discharge lamps 0.4 to 0.6 approx. 2.29 to 1.33

resistance furnaces approx. 1 approx. 0

compensated induction furnaces approx. 0.85 approx. 0.62

Dielectric heating furnaces approx. 0.85 approx. 0.62

resistance welding machines 0.8 to 0.9 0.75 to 0.48

single-phase static arc welding stations approx. 0.5 approx. 1.73

rotating arc welding units 0.7 to 0.9 1.02 to 0.48

arc welding transformers-rectifiers 0.7 to 0.8 1.02 to 0.75

arc furnaces 0.8 0.75

thyristor power rectifiers 0.4 to 0.8 2.25 to 0.75

n limitation of active energy losses in cables thanks to the decrease in the current conveyed in the installation,

n improvement in the voltage level at the end of the line,

n additional power available at the power transformers if the compensation is performed in the secondary winding.

Conversely, all other receivers (motors, transformers, etc.) shift their reactive component (inductive reactive power or current) by 90° backward the voltage.

The vectorial composition of these (inductive or capacitive) reactive powers or currents gives a resulting reactive power or current below the existing value before the installation of capacitors.

in simpler terms, it can be said that inductive receivers (motors, transformers, etc.) consume reactive energy, while capacitors (capacitive receivers) produce reactive energy.

6 7

HO

W t

O c

alc

ula

te t

He

rea

ctIv

e p

OW

erusing the power of a receiver in kw, this table can be used to find the K coefficient in order to calculate the power of the capacitors. it also gives the equivalence between cos ϕ and tg ϕ.

capacItOr pOWer calculatIOn table

final power factor capacitor power in kvar to be installed per kW of load to raise the power factor to:

cos ϕ 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1tg ϕ 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.20 0.14 0.0

0.40 2.29 1.805 1.832 1.861 1.895 1.924 1.959 1.998 2.037 2.085 2.146 2.2880.41 2.22 1.742 1.769 1.798 1.831 1.840 1.896 1.935 1.973 2.021 2.082 2.2250.42 2.16 1.681 1.709 1.738 1.771 1.800 1.836 1.874 1.913 1.961 2.002 2.1640.43 2.10 1.624 1.651 1.680 1.713 1.742 1.778 1.816 1.855 1.903 1.964 2.1070.44 2.04 1.558 1.585 1.614 1.647 1.677 1.712 1.751 1.790 1.837 1.899 2.0410.45 1.98 1.501 1.532 1.561 1.592 1.626 1.659 1.695 1.737 1.784 1.846 1.9880.46 1.93 1.446 1.473 1.502 1.533 1.567 1.600 1.636 1.677 1.725 1.786 1.9290.47 1.88 1.397 1.425 1.454 1.485 1.519 1.532 1.588 1.629 1.677 1.758 1.8810.48 1.83 1.343 1.730 1.400 1.430 1.464 1.467 1.534 1.575 1.623 1.684 1.8260.49 1.78 1.297 1.326 1.355 1.386 1.420 1.453 1.489 1.530 1.578 1.639 1.7820.50 1.73 1.248 1.276 1.303 1.337 1.369 1.403 1.441 1.481 1.529 1.590 1.7320.51 1.69 1.202 1.230 1.257 1.291 1.323 1.357 1.395 1.435 1.483 1.544 1.6860.52 1.64 1.160 1.188 1.215 1.249 1.281 1.315 1.353 1.393 1.441 1.502 1.6440.53 1.60 1.116 1.144 1.171 1.205 1.237 1.271 1.309 1.349 1.397 1.458 1.6000.54 1.56 1.075 1.103 1.130 1.164 1.196 1.230 1.268 1.308 1.356 1.417 1.5590.55 1.52 1.035 1.063 1.090 1.124 1.156 1.190 1.228 1.268 1.316 1.377 1.5190.56 1.48 0.996 1.024 1.051 1.085 1.117 1.151 1.189 1.229 1.277 1.338 1.4800.57 1.44 0.958 0.986 1.013 1.047 1.079 1.113 1.151 1.191 1.239 1.300 1.4420.58 1.40 0.921 0.949 0.976 1.010 1.042 1.073 1.114 1.154 1.202 1.263 1.4050.59 1.37 0.884 0.912 0.939 0.973 1.005 1.039 1.077 1.117 1.165 1.226 1.3680.60 1.33 0.849 0.878 0.905 0.939 0.971 1.005 1.043 1.083 1.131 1.192 1.3340.61 1.30 0.815 0.843 0.870 0.904 0.936 0.970 1.008 1.048 1.096 1.157 1.2990.62 1.27 0.781 0.809 0.836 0.870 0.902 0.936 0.974 1.014 1.062 1.123 1.2650.63 1.23 0.749 0.777 0.804 0.838 0.870 0.904 0.942 0.982 1.030 1.091 1.2330.64 1.20 0.716 0.744 0.771 0.805 0.837 0.871 0.909 0.949 0.997 1.058 1.2000.65 1.17 0.685 0.713 0.740 0.774 0.806 0.840 0.878 0.918 0.966 1.007 1.1690.66 1.14 0.654 0.682 0.709 0.743 0.775 0.809 0.847 0.887 0.935 0.996 1.1380.67 1.11 0.624 0.652 0.679 0.713 0.745 0.779 0.817 0.857 0.905 0.966 1.1080.68 1.08 0.595 0.623 0.650 0.684 0.716 0.750 0.788 0.828 0.876 0.937 1.0790.69 1.05 0.565 0.593 0.620 0.654 0.686 0.720 0.758 0.798 0.840 0.907 1.0490.70 1.02 0.536 0.564 0.591 0.625 0.657 0.691 0.729 0.796 0.811 0.878 1.0200.71 0.99 0.508 0.536 0.563 0.597 0.629 0.663 0.701 0.741 0.783 0.850 0.9920.72 0.96 0.479 0.507 0.534 0.568 0.600 0.634 0.672 0.721 0.754 0.821 0.9630.73 0.94 0.452 0.480 0.507 0.541 0.573 0.607 0.645 0.685 0.727 0.794 0.9360.74 0.91 0.425 0.453 0.480 0.514 0.546 0.580 0.618 0.658 0.700 0.767 0.9090.75 0.88 0.398 0.426 0.453 0.487 0.519 0.553 0.591 0.631 0.673 0.740 0.8820.76 0.86 0.371 0.399 0.426 0.460 0.492 0.526 0.564 0.604 0.652 0.713 0.8550.77 0.83 0.345 0.373 0.400 0.434 0.466 0.500 0.538 0.578 0.620 0.687 0.8290.78 0.80 0.319 0.347 0.374 0.408 0.440 0.474 0.512 0.552 0.594 0.661 0.8030.79 0.78 0.292 0.320 0.347 0.381 0.413 0.447 0.485 0.525 0.567 0.634 0.7760.80 0.75 0.266 0.294 0.321 0.355 0.387 0.421 0.459 0.499 0.541 0.608 0.7500.81 0.72 0.240 0.268 0.295 0.329 0.361 0.395 0.433 0.473 0.515 0.582 0.7240.82 0.70 0.214 0.242 0.269 0.303 0.335 0.369 0.407 0.447 0.489 0.556 0.6980.83 0.67 0.188 0.216 0.243 0.277 0.309 0.343 0.381 0.421 0.463 0.530 0.6720.84 0.65 0.162 0.190 0.217 0.251 0.283 0.317 0.355 0.395 0.437 0.504 0.6450.85 0.62 0.136 0.164 0.191 0.225 0.257 0.291 0.329 0.369 0.417 0.478 0.6020.86 0.59 0.109 0.140 0.167 0.198 0.230 0.264 0.301 0.343 0.390 0.450 0.5930.87 0.57 0.083 0.114 0.141 0.172 0.204 0.238 0.275 0.317 0.364 0.424 0.5670.88 0.54 0.054 0.085 0.112 0.143 0.175 0.209 0.246 0.288 0.335 0.395 0.5380.89 0.51 0.028 0.059 0.086 0.117 0.149 0.183 0.230 0.262 0.309 0.369 0.5120.90 0.48 0.031 0.058 0.089 0.121 0.155 0.192 0.234 0.281 0.341 0.484

fOrmula anD example

How to calculate the reactive power

Formulareactive power qc required for the compensation is calculated from the active power (pkw) and the tg ϕ measured on the installation.These measurments are performed downstream the secondary of the transformer.

ExampleTake a plant powered from an 800 kVa hV / LV subscriber station which would like to change the power factor of its installation to:* Cos ϕ = 0.928 (tg ϕ = 0.4) on the primary winding* or Cos ϕ = 0.955 (tg ϕ = 0.31) on the secondary winding with the following readings:• voltage: 400 V three-phase 50 hz• p = 475 kw• Cos (secondary) = 0.75 (or tg ϕ = 0.88)

Qc (bank to be installed) = Pkw (tg ϕ measured - tg ϕ to be obtained)

= Pkw x K** K is obtained from the table page 7.

Example: 200 kW motor - cos ϕ = 0.75 - Desired cos ϕ = 0.93 - Qc = 200 x 0.487 = 98 kvar

Qc = 475 (0.88 - 0.31) # 270 kvar

To guarantee its operation, a transformer needs internal reactive energy required for the magnetisation of its windings. The table below gives a rough guide of the value of the fixed bank to be installed according to the powers and loads of the transformer. These values may change according to the technology of the device. Each manufacturer is able to give their precise values.

Reactive compensation of transformers

nominal kva transformer power

kvar power to be provided for internal transformer consumption

off-load 75% load 100% load

100 3 5 6

160 4 7,5 10

200 4 9 12

250 5 11 15

315 6 15 20

400 8 20 25

500 10 25 30

630 12 30 40

800 20 40 55

1000 25 50 70

1250 30 70 90

2000 50 100 150

2500 60 150 200

3150 90 200 250

4000 160 250 320

5000 200 300 425

When defining a reactive energy compensation installation, it is recommended to provide a fixed capacitor corresponding to the internal reactive consumption of the transformer at a 75 % load

8 9

capa

cIt

Or

ba

nk

Inst

all

atIO

ns

levels Of InstallatIOn

The table below gives a rough guide of the maximum capacitor power which can be connected directly to the terminals of an asynchronous motor without a risk of self-excitation. in any case, it will be necessary to check that the maximum capacitor current does not exceed 90% of the magnetising current (off-load) of the motor.

advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• represents the most economical solution since

all the power is concentrated at one point and the expansion coefficient makes it possible to optimise banks.• relieves the transformer.

remark:• The losses in the cables (ri2) are not reduced.

advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• relieves most of the line feeders and reduces Joule’s

heat losses (ri2) in these feeders.• incorporates the expansion of each sector.• relieves the transformer.• remains economical.

remark:• solution generally used for a very large plant

network.

advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• From a technical point of view, the ideal solution

since the reactive energy is produced in the same place as where it is consumed; therefore, the Joule’s heat losses (ri2) are reduced in all the lines.• relieves the transformer.

remark:• Most costly solution given:

- The high number of installations, - The non-incorporation of the expansion coefficient.

Sector installation

Individual installation

Global installation

cOmpensatIOn Of asyncHrOnOus mOtOrs

capacitor bank installations

Iƒ qc ≤ 90% Io 3 u

C.1

Qc

M3±

Supply

Iƒ qc > 90% Io 3 u

C1

C2

Qc

M3±

Supply

Io: Off-load current of motorU: Network voltage

M M M M

M M M M

M M M M

maximum motor power maximum speed rpm

Hp kW3.000 1.500 1.000

max. power in kvar

11 8 2 2 3

15 11 3 4 5

20 15 4 5 6

25 18 5 7 7,5

30 22 6 8 9

40 30 7,5 10 11

50 37 9 11 12,5

60 45 11 13 14

100 75 17 22 25

150 110 24 29 33

180 132 31 36 38

218 160 35 41 44

274 200 43 47 53

340 250 52 57 63

380 280 57 63 70

482 355 67 76 86

however, if the capacitor power required to compensate the motor is greater than the values indicated in the above table or if, more generally:if qc > 90% io 3 u, compensation at the motor terminals remains possible by inserting a contactor (C.2) controlled by an auxiliary motor contactor contact (C.1) in series with the capacitor.

10 11

cO

mp

ensa

tIO

n s

yste

ms

an

D t

ypes

prOtectIOn anD cOnnectIOn Of capacItOrs

Fixed capacitor banks Automatic capacitor banksProtection Connection (cable design)

cOmpensatIOn systems

compensation systems and typescapacitor bank installations (continued)

M3±

M3±

M3±

M3±

VarmeterRelay

.../5Aclass 1 - 10 VA

In = Nominal capacitor voltage,

i.e. I cable = 1.43.I nominal

E.g.: 50 kvar - 400 V three-phase

In =3 U

Qc• The reactive power supplied by the bank is constantirrespective of the variations of the power factor and load of the receivers and, therefore, of the reactive energy consumption of the installation.

• These banks are switched on: - either manually by a circuit breaker or switch, - or semi-automatically by a remote-controlled contactor.

• This type of bank is generally used in the following cases: - constant load electrical installations operating 24 hours a day, - off-load compensation of transformers, - individual compensation of motors.

• The reactive power supplied by the bank can be modulated according to the variations of the power factor and the load of the receivers and, therefore, of the reactive energy consumption of the installation.

• This type of bank is composed of a parallel combination of capacitor steps (step = capacitor + contactor). They are switched on and oFF by an incorporated power factor controller.

• These banks are generally used in the following cases: - variable load electrical installations, - compensation of main switchboards (LVMs) or major outlets

in addition to the internal protective devices incorporated in the capacitor:- self-healing metallized polypropylene film,- internal fuses,- overpressure disconnecting device ;it is essential to provide an external protective device on the capacitor.

This protection will be provided either:

• by a circuit breaker:- thermal relay, setting between 1.3 and 1.5 in,- magnetic relay, setting between 5 and 10 in.

• by gi type hrC fuses, rating 1.5 to 2 in.

applicable capacitor standards are defined so that capacitors can withstand a permanent excess current of 30%.

These standards also authorise a maximum tolerance of +10% on the nominal capacitance.

Therefore, the cable should be designed at least for:i cable = 1.3 x 1.1 . (i nominal capacitor)

For protection and cable selection, refer to table page 28.

In = 1.732 x 0. 450 = 72 A

12 13

Ha

rm

On

Ics

cOmpensatIOn types

compensation systems and types (continued)

Harmonics

reactive energy compensation means that the capacitor must be adapted to the intrinsic characteristics of the corresponding mains network (voltage, frequency, cos ϕ, etc.). however, the increasing presence of harmonics in the mains supply means that the capacitor must also be adapted to the degree of interference and the final performance desired by the customer.

sH (kVa) is the weighted total power of the harmonic generators present at the transformer secondary.

st (kVa) is the power rating of the h.V./L.V. transformer

standard H SAH SAHR FH

≤ 15 % 15 % to 25 % 25 % to 35 %

Degree ofinterference

SH_______ST

35 % to 50 % > 50 %

depending on the degree of interference or harmonics, five “types” of capacitor are available:

• standard type

• h type

• sah type - standard class

• sah type - reinforced class

• Fh type (harmonic filters)

IntrODuctIOn

The modernisation of industrial processes, the sophistication of electrical machines and equipment has, in recent years, led to significant development in power electronics:

These semi-conductor-based systems (transistors, thyristors, etc.) designed to produce:• solid state power converters: aC/dC• rectifiers• inverters• frequency converters• and many other wave train or phase setting control devices.

For electrical supplies, these systems represent «non-linear» loads. a «non-linear» load is a load for which the current consumption is not the reflection of the power supply voltage (even though the source voltage on the load is sinusoidal, the current consumption is non-sinusoidal).

other «non-linear» loads are also present in electricalinstallations, in particular:• variable impedance loads, using an electric arc:arc furnaces, welding stations, fluorescent tubes, discharge lamps, etc.• loads using strong magnetising currents:saturated transformers, inductors, etc.

The FouriEr series breakdown of the current consumption of a non-linear receiver reveals:• a sinusoidal term at the supply 50 hz frequency, the fundamental.• sinusoidal terms for which the frequencies are multiples of the frequency of the fundamental, the harmonics.

according to the equation:

These harmonic currents circulate in the source and the harmonic impedances of the source produce harmonic voltages according to the equation Uh = Zh x Ih.

harmonic currents induce most of the harmonic voltages which cause the overall harmonic distortion of the supply voltage.

Note: The harmonic distortion of the voltage generated by manufacturing defects of the alternator and transformer windings is generally negligible.

Σ: Sum of all the harmonic currents fromrank 2 (50 Hz x 2) to the last rank n (50 Hz x n).

Irm s = I12 + I2

2

n

∑h

h

=

U U Uheff = 12 + 2

2

n

∑h =

14 15

Ha

rm

On

Ics

DetuneD reactOrs anD capacItOrs

HarmOnIc fIlters

Harmonics (continued)

Protection of capacitorsFor supplies with a high level of harmonic interference, installing a detuned reactor connected in series with the capacitor proves to be the only effective solution.

Influence of harmonics on capacitors

For installations with a high level of harmonic pollution, the user may be confronted with two requirements:• compensating for reactive energy and protecting the capacitors• reducing the voltage distortion rate to acceptable values compatible with the correct operation of most sensitive receivers (automatic control systems, industrial computer hardware, capacitors, etc.).For this application, legrand is able to offer «passive type» harmonic filters.

a «passive type» harmonic filter is a serial combination of a capacitor and an inductive coil for which each combined frequency corresponds to the frequency of an interfering harmonic voltage to be eliminated.

For this type of installation, legrand offers services including:• analysis of the supply on which the equipment is to be installed with measurements of harmonic currents and voltages• computer simulation of the compatibility of the harmonic impedances of the supply and the different filters• calculation and definition of the different components of the filter• supply of capacitors, inductive coils, etc.• measurement of system efficiency after installation on site

DetuneD reactOrs anD capacItOrs

Xc = C.1 = C.2. .f

1The reactance of the capacitor

is inversely proportional to the frequency, its curve is reciprocal and its ability to block harmonic currents decreases considerably when the frequency increases.

harmonic currents being located at high frequencies, consequently they are diverted to the capacitor: the capacitor is acting as a harmonic “pump”.

To prevent the capacitor to be damaged it is compulsory to protect it with a detuned reactor.

• scc (kVa): short-circuit power of source• q (kvar): Capacitor bank power• p (kw): non-interfering load power

Note: since the inductance of the motor is much higher than that of the source, it becomes negligible in a parallel assembly.

principle diagram equivalent diagram

reactance of the capacitor

ω π

XL

XC

XC

f (Hz)

main harmonic currents:The main harmonic currents present in electrical installations are produced by semi-conductor based systems, i.e.:harmonic 5 (250 hz) - i5 - 20% i1 harmonic 7 (350 hz) - i7 - 14% i1harmonic 11 (550 hz) - i11 - 9% i1harmonic 13 (650 hz) - i13 - 8% i1* I1 Current of semi-conductor system at 50 Hz

The detuned reactor has two purposes:• to increase the impedance of the capacitor against harmonic currents• to reduce the harmonic pollution of the electrical installation

XLT : SCC (kVA)

LR

XLT XC RXC

Q(kvar)

P (kW)

M±

16 17

yOu

r e

lect

rIc

al

net

WO

rk

un

Der

cO

ntr

Ol

The quality improvement in the supply of electricity is an essential component of the world economy. The electrical networks are disturbed by many electrical phenomena which can be characterized by various measurable parameters.

This characterization requires a permanent measurement and supervision of all significant electric parameters The related standards to comply with are: En 50160, iEC 61000-4-7, En 61000-4-30

Thanks to our supervision and analysis system, it is possible to answer the essential questions such as:

• what was the cause of this electric phenomenon?

• who is responsible for this electric problem?

• how to fix this problem?

alptec supervision and analysis system is made up of a complete range of network analyzers connected to Winalp software for collection and analysis of data.

Our productsin order to display information regarding the quality of an electrical network either permanently or if a supply failure occurs, the alptec supervision and analysis system allows to print / display predefined reports.

The supervision system monitors the evolution of the power consumption and the frame decoding of the signalling voltage.

alptec network analyzers are designed to communicate via modem, gsM modem, Ethernet, usB, rs485 and rs232. The analyzers are able to send immediately an sMs and an email describing the failure. The user can then react quickly and fix the problem.

Winalp software allows to automatically download thousands of measurements recorded by one or more network analyzers. The information is then available in a database for one or more users. it is possible to analyse the results and communicate them.

IntrODuctIOn

your electrical network under control

alptec netWOrk analyzers

example of a network of analyzers installed as well in the electrical substations as in the consumer locations

several networks can be supervised by only one server pC

For remote statistical analysis ofthe Power Quality, modemor Ethernet connection

ALPTEC 2400R: Analysis of the Power Quality of the electicity provided by the Production plant

ALPTEC 2444d

ALPTEC duo

ALPTEC 2444i

For remote analysis of thePower Quality and powersupply failures, GSM connection

Analysis of the Power Qualityof the electicity provided by theTransportation Network

For punctual analysisUSB connection

ALPES-TECH-EP2

18

ALPES-TECH-EP2

19

Alpivar2 compensation racksAlpivar2 compensation racks400/415 V Network

Alpivar2 vacuum technology capacitors400/415 V Network

Alpivar2 vacuum technology capacitors

P7540V7540CB

Technical characteristics (see opposite)

Technical characteristics (see opposite)Double insulation or class IITotally dry (no added oil)Self-extinguishing polyurethane resin casingCoils coated under vacuum Internal electrical protection for each coil using:- self-healing metallized polypropylene film (prevents blowing up)- electrical fuse- over pressure disconnecting deviceColour: cover RAL 7035

base RAL7001 Conform to EN and IEC 60831-1 and 2

Factory wired units designed to be integrated in universal cabinets as part of automatic compensation systemsComprising :- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- 1 contactor suitable for handling capacitive currents- 1 set of 3 HRC fuses- 1 set of modular copper busbars with junction bars for connecting several racks in parallel- 1 steel frame on which the components are assembled and wired

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase capacitors - 50 Hz

Standard type - 400 V Harmonic level SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power (kvar)

1 V2.540CB 2.5 1 V540CB 5 1 V6.2540CB 6.25 1 V7.540CB 7.5 1 V1040CB 10 1 V12.540CB 12.5 1 V1540CB 15 1 V2040CB 20 1 V2540CB 25 1 V3040CB 30 1 V3540CB 35 1 V4040CB 40 1 V5040CB 50 1 V6040CB 60 1 V7540CB 75 1 V9040CB 90 1 V10040CB 100 1 V12540CB 125

H type - 400 V Harmonic level 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power (kvar) 1 VH2.540CB 2.5 1 VH540CB 5 1 VH6.2540CB 6.25 1 VH7.540CB 7.5 1 VH1040CB 10 1 VH12.540CB 12.5 1 VH1540CB 15 1 VH2040CB 20 1 VH2540CB 25 1 VH3040CB 30 1 VH3540CB 35 1 VH4040CB 40 1 VH5040CB 50 1 VH6040CB 60 1 VH7540CB 75 1 VH8040CB 80 1 VH9040CB 90 1 VH10040CB 100

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks - 50 Hz

Standard type - 400 V Harmonic level SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power (kvar)

1 P12.540 12.5 1 P12.512.540 12.5 + 12.5 1 P2540 25 1 P252540 25+25 1 P255040 25+50 1 P5040 50 1 P7540 75

H type - 400 V Harmonic level 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power (kvar)

1 PH12.540 12.5 1 PH12.512.540 12.5+12.5 1 PH2540 25 1 PH252540 25+25 1 PH255040 25+50 1 PH5040 50 1 PH7540 75

n Dimensions indoor type

n Dimensions

Standard type H type Dimensions (mm) Weight

(kg)W1 W2 H

Siz

e 1

V2.540CB VH2.540CB 125 125 150 1.8V540CB VH540CB 125 125 150 1.8V6.2540CB VH6.2540CB 125 125 150 1.8V7.540CB VH7.540CB 125 125 150 1.8V1040CB VH1040CB 125 125 150 1.8V12.540CB VH12.540CB 125 125 200 2V1540CB VH1540CB 125 125 200 2

Siz

e 2

V2040CB VH2040CB 90 70 275 3.5V2540CB VH2540CB 90 70 275 3.5V3040CB VH3040CB 180 156 275 7V3540CB VH3540CB 180 156 275 7V4040CB VH4040CB 180 156 275 7V5040CB VH5040CB 180 156 275 7V6040CB VH6040CB 270 244 275 10.5V7540CB VH7540CB 270 244 275 10.5

VH8040CB 360 332 275 14V9040CB VH9040CB 360 332 275 14V10040CB VH10040CB 360 332 275 14V12540CB 450 419 275 17.5

n Technical data

Loss FactorAlpivar2 capacitors have a loss factor of less than 0.1 x 10-3

This leads to a total wattage consumption of less than 0.3 W per kvar including the discharge resistors

CapacitanceTolerance on the capacitance value: - 5 / + 10 %Our vacuum type manufacturing process, which avoids any air inclusions in the coils, ensures that the capacitance remains exceptionally stable throughout the service life of the Alpivar capacitor

Max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24 h/24)

Max. permissible current• standard type: 1.5 In• H type: 2 In

Insulation class• withstand 1 minute at 50 Hz: 6 kV• withstand 1.2/50 μs shock wave: 25 kV

StandardsAlpivar2 capacitors comply with the following standards:• French standard: NF C 54 108 and 109• European standard: EN 60831-1 and 2• International standard: IEC 60831-1 and 2• Canadian standard: CSA 22-2 No. 190• end-of-life behaviour tests passed successfully in EDF and LCIE laboratories

Temperature classCapacitors are designed for a standard temperature rating of - 25 °C / indoor installation / + 55 °C• maximum temperature: 55 °C• average over 24 hours: 45 °C• annual average: 35 °C• other temperature classes on request

n Technical data

Loss FactorAlpivar2 compensation racks without detuned reactor have a loss factor of less than 2 W/kvar, including HRC fuses capacitor, contactor and cables


Capacitor max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24h/24)

Standards• International standard: IEC 60439-1• European standard: EN 60439-2

Temperature class• operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h: 40 °C)• storage: - 30 to + 60 °C

Standard type H type

Cap

acito

r

Terminalcover

Connectioncable outlet

275

220

55

Inte

rnal

dis

char

ge

resi

stor

s

Connectionterminals

4 attachementholes Ø 6.5

208

W2

W1

225

Weight (kg)

P12.540 6

P12.512.540 11

P2540 9

P252540 16

P255040 22

P5040 16

P7540 22

Weight (kg)

PH12.540 7

PH12.512.540 14

PH2540 10

PH252540 17

PH255040 23

PH5040 17

PH7540 23

160 240

400

565

Fixing holes Ø 7

580

245

225

Junction bars

Connectionterminals

Cap

acito

r

Terminalcover

Connectioncable outlet

Con

nect

ion

term

inal

s

4 attachementholes Ø 6.1

35H

W2

80

W1

114

Size 1 Size 2

Capacitors without terminal covers available on request, please consult us

ALPES-TECH-EP2

20

ALPES-TECH-EP2

21

Alptec power factor controllersAlptec power factor controllersAlpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor400/415 V Network

Alpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor

R7.8040.189 ALPTEC12.400

Technical characteristics (see opposite)

Factory wired units designed to be integrated in universal cabinets as part of automatic compensation systemsComprising :- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- 1 contactor suitable for handling capacitive currents- 1 detuned reactor with thermal protection- 1 set of 3 HRC fuses- 1 set of modular copper busbars with junction bars for connecting several panels in parallel- 1 steel frame on which the components are assembled and wired

Alptec power factor controller controls the connection and disconnection of the capacitor steps in order to maintain the target power factorIt operates in a digital manner so that measurements and readings are performed with accuracy and reliability, even on highly polluted networksFlush mountingIP 41 - IP 20 terminalsConform to IEC/EN 61010-1

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) - 50 Hz

Only racks of the same width or type (R5 or R7) can be coupled together Tuning rank = 3.78

Standard class - 400 V Harmonic level 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power (kvar)

1 R5.1040.189 10 1 R5.2040.189 20 1 R5.202040.189 20+20 1 R5.4040.189 40 1 R7.4040.189 40 1 R7.404040.189 40+40 1 R7.8040.189 80

Reinforced class - 400 V Rated voltage 440 V Harmonic level 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power (kvar)

1 R5.R4040.189 40 1 R7.R4040.189 40 1 R7.R404040.189 40+40 1 R7.R8040.189 80

Pack Cat.Nos Power factor controllers

Power supply 400 V - 50 Hz Number of steps

1 ALPTEC3.400 3 1 ALPTEC5.400 5 1 ALPTEC7.400 7 1 ALPTEC12.400 12

Power supply 230 V - 50 Hz Number of steps

1 ALPTEC3.230 3 1 ALPTEC5.230 5 1 ALPTEC7.230 7 1 ALPTEC12.230 12 1 ALPTEC12H 12 (harmonic measurement)

n Dimensionsn Dimensions

n Technical data

Temperature class- operating: - 10 to + 60 °C - storage: - 20 + 80 °C

Current inputsRated current: 5 A (1 A on request) Operating limit: 0.125 A to 6 A Input power: 0.65 WInsensitive to CT polarityInsensitive to phase rotation polarity

Frequency50 Hz / 60 Hz

Settings and parametersPower factor: 0.8 ind to 0.8 capReconnection time of the same step: 5 to 240 secManual and automatic mode4 quadrant operation (ALPTEC 12H) for generator applicationInternal temperature probeFree potential contact for alarm remoteAlarm display (over voltage, under compensation, overload…)All combination of steps program: 1.1.1 / 1.2.2.2 / 1.2.3.4 etc

Standard type Reinforced type

For other tuning rank or power,please consult us

n Technical data

Loss FactorAlpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor have a loss factor ≤ 6 W/kvar including HRC fuses, contactor, capacitor, detuned reactor


Capacitor max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24h/24)

Standards• International standard: IEC 60439-1• European standard: EN 60439-2

Temperature class• operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h: 40 °C)• storage: - 30 to + 60 °C

Weight (kg)

R5.1040.189 30

R5.2040.189 35

R5.202040.189 45

R5.4040.189 40

R7.4040.189 42

R7.404040.189 70

R7.8040.189 65

Weight (kg)

R5.R4040.189 50

R7.R4040.189 52

R7.R404040.189 85

R7.R8040.189 80

Cat.Nos Dimensions (mm) Height x Width x Depth Weight (kg)

ALPTEC3.400ALPTEC3.230 96 x 96 x 65 0.42

ALPTEC5.400ALPTEC5.230 96 x 96 x 65 0.44

ALPTEC7.400ALPTEC7.230 144 x 144 x 62 0.46

ALPTEC12.400ALPTEC12.230 144 x 144 x 62 0.77

ALPTEC12H 144 x 144 x 62 0.98

665

700

468

500

325

325

425

465

425

465

Ø7

fixin

g h

oles

Ø7

fixin

g h

oles

21x7 oblong fixing holes21x7 oblong fixing holes

R7 typeR5 type

Junction barsJunction bars

22

ALPES-TECH-EP2

23

Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switchingthree-phase racks standard and H type400/415 V Network

Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switchingthree-phase racks SAH type - standard an reinforced class 400/415 V Network

M20040

MS28040.189

M20040

Technical characteristics (p. 24)


IP 31 - IK 05 box or cabinetFully modular design for easy extension and maintenanceAlpimatic is composed of several racks depending on capacitor bank type and power ratingControl of the electromechanical contactors is made by Alptec power factor controller with simplified commissioning procedureExtendable cabinet, standard for main power ratings, optional for othersCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of electrical parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1

IP 31 - IK 05 box or cabinetFully modular design for easy extension and maintenanceAlpimatic is composed of several racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingControl of the electromechanical contactors is made by Alptec power factor controller with simplified commissioning procedureExtendable cabinet standard for main power ratings, optional for othersCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of electrical parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1Tuning rank n = 3.78

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks 50 Hz

Standard type - 400 V Harmonic pollution SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 M1040 10 5+5 1 M1540 15 5+10 1 M2040 20 10+10 1 M2540 25 10+15 1 M3040 30 10+20 1 M37.540 37.5 12.5+25 1 M4040 40 10+10+20 1 M5040 50 10+15+25 1 M6040 60 20+20+20 1 M7540 75 25+25+25 1 M87.540 87.5 12.5+25+50 1 M10040 100 25+25+50 1 M12540 125 25+50+50 1 M15040 150 (25+50)+75 1 M17540 175 25+(25+50)+75 1 M20040 200 50+2x75 1 M22540 225 (25+50)+2x75 1 M25040 250 2x50+2x75 1 M27540 275 (25+50)+50+2x75 1 M30040 300 (25+50)+3x75 1 M35040 350 50+4x75 1 M40040 400 2x50+4x75 1 M45040 450 6x75

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz

Standard class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 MS3040.189 30 10+20 1 MS4040.189 40 2x10+20 1 MS5040.189 50 10+(20+20) 1 MS6040.189 60 20+(20+20) 1 MS7040.189 70 10+20+40 1 MS8040.189 80 (20+20)+40 1 MS9040.189 90 10+(20+20)+40 1 MS10040.189 100 20+(40+40) 1 MS12040.189 120 (20+20)+2x40 1 MS16040.189 160 (40+40)+80 1 MS20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 MS24040.189 240 (40+40)+2x80 1 MS28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 MS32040.189 320 (40+40)+3x80 1 MS36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 MS40040.189 400 (40+40)+4x80

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks 50 Hz (continued)

H type - 400 V Harmonic pollution 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 MH1040 10 5+5 1 MH1540 15 5+10 1 MH2040 20 10+10 1 MH2540 25 10+15 1 MH3040 30 10+20 1 MH37.540 37.5 12.5+25 1 MH4040 40 10+10+20 1 MH5040 50 10+15+25 1 MH6040 60 20+20+20 1 MH7540 75 25+50 1 MH87.540 87.5 12.5+25+50 1 MH10040 100 25+25+50 1 MH12540 125 25+50+50 1 MH15040 150 (25+50)+75 1 MH17540 175 25+(25+50)+75 1 MH20040 200 50+2x75 1 MH22540 225 (25+50)+2x75 1 MH25040 250 (50+50)+2x75 1 MH27540 275 (25+50)+50+2x75 1 MH30040 300 (25+50)+3x75 1 MH35040 350 50+4x75 1 MH40040 400 (50+50)+4x75 1 MH45040 450 6x75

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks with duty type detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz

Reinforced class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 MS.R12040.189 120 3x40 1 MS.R16040.189 160 (40+40)+80 1 MS.R20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 MS.R24040.189 240 (40+40)+2x80 1 MS.R28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 MS.R32040.189 320 (40+40)+3x80 1 MS.R36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 MS.R40040.189 400 (40+40)+4x80 1 MS.R44040.189 440 40+5x80 1 MS.R48040.189 480 6x80 1 MS.R52040.189 520 40+6x80 1 MS.R56040.189 560 7x80

Other powers, voltage, frequency on request, please consult us

Other powers, voltage, frequency on request, please consult us

24

ALPES-TECH-EP2 ALPES-TECH-EP2

25

Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switching

n Technical data

Temperature class: - operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h : 40 °C)- storage: - 30 to + 60 °C- average annual: 30 °C

Ventilation: Natural or forced depending on power rating

Insulation class: 0.69 kV (tested at 2.5 kV, 50 Hz for one minute)Built-in power supply for auxiliary circuitsBuilt-in connection terminal block for by-pass contact (operation on GenSet...)Possible remote alarm output

ConnectionsAllow for: - power cables (see p. 28)- current transformer to be located on phase L1 of the facility, upline from all receivers and the capacitor bank: - primary: rating depending on installation - secondary: 5 A (1 A on request) - power: 10 VA (recommanded) - Class I- note : this transformer can be supplied separetely on request

Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight

(Kg)Height Width Depth

M1040 650 380 260 40

M1540 650 380 260 40

M2040 650 380 260 40

M2540 650 380 260 40

M3040 650 380 260 45

M37.540 650 380 260 45

M4040 650 380 260 45

M4540 650 380 260 45

M5040 650 380 260 45

M6040 740 380 260 50

M7540 740 380 260 75

M87.540 1000 350 500 80

M10040 1000 350 500 80

M12540 1000 350 500 90

M15040 1400 600 500 125

M17540 1400 600 500 140

M20040 1400 600 500 150

M22540 1400 600 500 160

M25040 1400 600 500 170

M27540 1400 600 500 190

M30040 1400 600 500 200

M35040 1900 600 500 260

M40040 1900 600 500 290

M45040 1900 600 500 300



MH1040 650 380 260 40

MH1540 650 380 260 40

MH2040 650 380 260 40

MH2540 650 380 260 40

MH3040 650 380 260 45

MH37.540 650 380 260 45

MH4040 650 380 260 45

MH4540 650 380 260 45

MH5040 650 380 260 45

MH6040 740 380 260 50

MH7540 740 380 260 75

MH87.540 1000 350 500 80

MH10040 1000 350 500 80

MH12540 1000 350 500 90

MH15040 1400 600 500 125

MH17540 1400 600 500 140

MH20040 1400 600 500 150

MH22540 1400 600 500 160

MH25040 1400 600 500 170

MH27540 1400 600 500 190

MH30040 1400 600 500 200

MH35040 1900 600 500 260

MH40040 1900 600 500 290

MH45040 1900 600 500 300n DimensionsThree-phase - Standard type

Three-phase - H type



MS3040.189 1400 600 500 90

MS4040.189 1400 600 500 120

MS5040.189 1400 600 500 130

MS6040.189 1400 600 500 150

MS7040.189 1400 600 500 170

MS8040.189 1400 600 500 190

MS9040.189 1400 600 500 210

MS10040.189 1400 600 500 230

MS12040.189MS.R12040.189 1400 600 500 250

MS16040.189MS.R16040.189 2100 800 500 300

MS20040.189MS.R20040.189 2100 800 500 340

MS24040.189MS.R24040.189 2100 800 500 370

MS28040.189MS.R28040.189 2100 800 500 400

MS32040.189MS.R32040.189 2100 800 500 430

MS36040.189MS.R36040.189 2100 800 500 470

MS40040.189MS.R40040.189 2100 800 500 520

MS.R44040.189 2100 1600 500 600

MS.R48040.189 2100 1600 500 630

MS.R52040.189 2100 1600 500 670

MS.R56040.189 2100 1600 500 700

Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) - Standard and reinforced class

Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state switchesthree-phase static racks standard and H type400/415 V Network

STS40040


IP 31 - IK 05 cabinetAlpistatic is a real time compensation system, with response time ≤ 40 msIt is specially designed for sites using fast variation loads, or processes sensitive to harmonics and transientsAll the steps can be connected or disconnected in one go, in order to match exactly the reactive demandAlpistatic is composed of several static racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingEach static rack includes:- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- a 3 phase solid state contactor- fan cooled heat sink on each solid state contactor- a set of 3 HRC fuses per stepControl of the solid state contactors is made by a fast power factor controller and electronic control boardCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks 50 Hz

Standard type - 400 V Harmonic pollution SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 ST10040 100 2x25+50 1 ST12540 125 25+2x50 1 ST15040 150 3x50 1 ST17540 175 2x50+75 1 ST20040 200 50+2x75 1 ST22540 225 25+50+2x75 1 ST25040 250 2x50+2x75 1 ST27540 275 50+3x75 1 ST30040 300 25+50+3x75 1 ST32540 325 2x50+3x75 1 ST35040 350 50+4x75 1 ST37540 375 5x75 1 ST40040 400 2x75+2x125 1 ST45040 450 75+3x125 1 ST50040 500 4x125 1 ST52540 525 2x75+3x125 1 ST57540 575 75+4x125 1 ST62540 625 5x125 1 ST70040 700 75+5x125

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks 50 Hz (continued)

H type - 400 V Harmonic pollution 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 STH8040 80 2x20+40 1 STH10040 100 20+2x40 1 STH12040 120 3x40 1 STH16040 160 2x40+80 1 STH20040 200 40+2x80 1 STH24040 240 2x40+2x80 1 STH28040 280 40+3x80 1 STH32040 320 2x40+3x80 1 STH36040 360 40+4x80 1 STH40040 400 5x80 1 STH44040 440 80+3x120 1 STH48040 480 4x120 1 STH52040 520 2x80+3x120 1 STH56040 560 80+4x120 1 STH60040 600 5x120 1 STH68040 680 80+5x120 1 STH72040 720 6x120

Other power and voltage on request, please consult us

Real time

compensation

system

Transient free

for example: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

26 27

ALPES-TECH-EP2

Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state contactorsthree-phase static racks SAH type - standard and reinforced class400/415 V Network


Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz

Standard class - 400 V Rated voltage 440 V Harmonic pollution 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 STS12040.189 120 3x40 1 STS16040.189 160 2x40+80 1 STS20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 STS24040.189 240 2x40+2x80 1 STS28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 STS32040.189 320 2x40+3x80 1 STS36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 STS40040.189 400 5x80 1 STS44040.189 440 80+3x120 1 STS48040.189 480 4x120 1 STS52040.189 520 2x80+3x120 1 STS56040.189 560 80+4x120 1 STS60040.189 600 5x120 1 STS68040.189 680 80+5x120 1 STS72040.189 720 6x120

Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz

Reinforced class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power Steps

(kvar) (kvar)

1 STS.R12040.189 120 3x40 1 STS.R16040.189 160 2x40+80 1 STS.R20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 STS.R24040.189 240 2x40+2x80 1 STS.R28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 STS.R32040.189 320 2x40+3x80 1 STS.R36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 STS.R40040.189 400 5x80 1 STS.R44040.189 440 80+3x120 1 STS.R48040.189 480 4x120 1 STS.R52040.189 520 2x80+3x120 1 STS.R56040.189 560 80+4x120 1 STS.R60040.189 600 5x120 1 STS.R68040.189 680 80+5x120 1 STS.R72040.189 720 6x120

Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state contactors



ST10040 2100 800 500 170

ST12540 2100 800 500 190

ST15040 2100 800 500 210

ST17540 2100 800 500 230

ST20040 2100 800 500 250

ST22540 2100 800 500 270

ST25040 2100 800 500 290

ST27540 2100 800 500 300

ST30040 2100 800 500 315

ST32540 2100 800 500 330

ST35040 2100 800 500 350

ST37540 2100 800 500 370

ST40040 2100 1000 600 380

ST45040 2100 1000 600 400

ST50040 2100 1000 600 425

ST52540 2100 2000 600 520

ST57540 2100 2000 600 560

ST62540 2100 2000 600 580

ST70040 2100 2000 600 610

n Dimensions

Three-phase - Standard type



STH8040 2100 800 500 150

STH10040 2100 800 500 170

STH12040 2100 800 500 200

STH16040 2100 800 500 220

STH20040 2100 800 500 250

STH24040 2100 800 500 280

STH28040 2100 800 500 300

STH32040 2100 800 500 325

STH36040 2100 800 500 350

STH40040 2100 800 500 375

STH44040 2100 1000 600 400

STH48040 2100 1000 600 450

STH52040 2100 2000 600 520

STH56040 2100 2000 600 540

STH60040 2100 2000 600 560

STH68040 2100 2000 600 600

STH72040 2100 2000 600 620

Three-phase - H type



STS12040.189STS.R12040.189 2100 800 500 240

STS16040.189STS.R16040.189 2100 800 500 260

STS20040.189STS.R20040.189 2100 800 500 300

STS24040.189STS.R24040.189 2100 800 500 340

STS28040.189STS.R28040.189 2100 800 500 380

STS32040.189STS.R32040.189 2100 800 500 410

STS36040.189STS.R36040.189 2100 800 500 440

STS40040.189STS.R40040.189 2100 800 500 490

STS44040.189STS.R44040.189 2100 1000 600 530

STS48040.189STS.R48040.189 2100 1000 600 600

STS52040.189STS.R52040.189 2100 2000 600 650

STS56040.189STS.R56040.189 2100 2000 600 690

STS60040.189STS.R60040.189 2100 2000 600 720

STS68040.189STS.R68040.189 2100 2000 600 750

STS72040.189STS.R72040.189 2100 2000 600 810

Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) Standard or reinforced class

n Electrical characteristics

Temperature class: - operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h : 40 °C)- storage: - 30 to + 60 °C

Ventilation: Forced and natural depending on power rating

Insulation class: 0.69 kV (tested at 2.5 kV, 50 Hz for one minute)Built-in power supply for auxiliary circuitsBuilt-in connection terminal block for by-pass contact (operation on Gen Set…)Possible remote alarm output

ConnectionsAllow for:- power cables (see p. 28)- current transformer to be located on phase L1 of the facility, upline from all receivers and the capacitor bank: - primary: rating depending on installation - secondary: 5 A (1 A on request) - power: 10 VA (recommanded) - Class I- note : this transformer can be supplied separetely on request

Fast reactive energy controller for automatic control- with automatic/manual operation- front panel display showing the number of steps operating- front panel display of cos ϕ- front panel display of many other electrical parameters (harmonics voltage, current...)

Microprocessor instrumentation and control board using solid state contactors- triggers and releases contactors within 40 ms max.- avoids any transient voltages and currents when steps are triggered or released

Real time

compensation

system

Transient free

IP 31 - IK 05 cabinetAlpistatic is a real time compensation system, with response time ≤ 40 msIt is specially designed for sites using fast variation loads, or processes sensitive to harmonics and transientsAll the steps can be connected or disconnected in one go, in order to match exactly the reactive demandAlpistatic is composed of several static racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingEach static rack includes:- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- a 3 phase solid state contactor- fan cooled heat sink on each solid state contactor- 1 detuned reactor with thermal protection- a set of 3 HRC fuses per stepControl of the solid state contactors is made by a fast power factor controller and electronic control boardCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1

STS28040.189

28

ALPES-TECH-EP2

29

protective circuit breaker and connection cableselection table for capacitors

THREE-PHASE 400 V CAPACIToR NoMINAL PoWER

(kvar)

THREE-PHASE CIRCuIT BREAKER RATINg / THERMAL

SETTINg (A)

CABLES MINIMuM CRoSS-SECTIoN PER PHASE

Cu (mm2) Al (mm2)

10 20/20 6 10

20 40/40 10 16

30 63/60 16 25

40 80/80 25 35

50 100/100 35 50

60 125/125 35 50

70 160/140 35 50

80 160/160 50 70

90 200/180 50 70

100 200/200 70 95

125 250/250 70 95

150 400/300 95 120

175 400/350 120 185

200 400/400 150 240

225 630/450 150 240

250 630/500 185 2 x 120

275 630/550 185 2 x 120

300 630/600 2 x 95 2 x150

325 630/630 2 x 95 2 x 150

350 800/700 2 x 120 2 x 185

375 800/750 2 x 120 2 x 185

400 800/800 2 x 150 2 x 240

450 1000/900 2 x 150 2 x 240

500 1000/1000 2 x 185 4 x 150

550 1250/1100 2 x 185 4 x 150

600 1250/1200 4 x 120 4 x 185

650 1250/1250 4 x 120 4 x 185

700 1600/1400 4 x 150 4 x 240

750 1600/1500 4 x 150 4 x 240

800 1600/1600 4 x 150 4 x 240

850 2000/1700 4 x 150 4 x 240

900 2000/1800 4 x 150 4 x 240

950 2000/1900 4 x 185 4 x 300

1000 2000/2000 4 x 185 4 x 300

Note: The cable cross-section indicated in this table is the minimum recommended section. It does not take into account additional correcting factors (fitting method, temperature, long distances, etc.). The calculations are for unipolar cables mounted in ambient air at 30°C.

High voltage capacitors a complete range for power factor correction up to 69 kV

> High voltage capacitors:- non-chlorinated, non-toxic, biodegradable- very high resistance to strong electrical fields- very low power losses, enabling considerable savings for high power capacitor banks

> High voltage capacitors banks:Composed of several single-phase or three-phase unit capacitors assembled and interconnected to produce high-power assemblies called "capacitor banks"Composition depending on:- the total reactive power to be installed- the nominal network voltage- electrical constraints (harmonics, banks divided into sections or steps)- indoor or outdoor installation- operator safety IP 00 open rack IP 315 cubide

Please consult your local contactfor more details...

30 31

ALPES-TECH-EP2

Alptec power quality analyzers

Pack Cat.Nos Alptec 2444 power quality analyzers

Power supply: 190-264 V± / 240-360 V= (48 V= and 127 V= power supply available on request) The following values are measured and recorded on compact flash memory card: - dips, swells, and waveforms - power quality reports - flicker (Pst, Plt according to IEC61000-4-7) - 51 harmonics and inter-harmonics (voltage and current), - symmetrical values, unbalance - conventional magnitudes (U, I, P, Q, S, D, PF, THD U and THD I) Communication modes: USB, Ethernet and RTC modem (GSM and IP modem available on request) Supplied with: - backup battery (autonomy: minimum 30 minutes) - 512 MB flash memory card - RS 232 cable - USB cable

Alptec 2444d - DIN rail mounting 1 RBAA001.1 For permanent monitoring

Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents with galvanic insulation Input: terminal blocks with screws

Alptec 2444R with reinforced immunity - for 19" racks mounting

1 RBAH002.1 For permanent monitoring Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents with galvanic insulation Can be equipped with reinforced battery for 3h autonomy Input: terminal blocks with screws

Alptec 2444Duo - for 19" racks mounting 1 RBAF001.1 For permanent monitoring

Measurement: 8 voltages and 8 currents Input: terminal blocks with screws

Alptec 2444i - for portable use 1 RBAD001.1 For temporarily monitoring

Portable device Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents Quick connectors Supplied with: - voltage clamps - current clamps (100 A / 1 Vrms) - suitcase for transport

Accessories

Clamps 3 RBAE016 10 A micro clamps

Supplied with 2 m cable 3 RBAG007 Switchable clamp: 10 A/100 A/1000 A

Supplied with 2 m cable

Alpflex flexible coil 3 RBAE017 Flexible coil switchable: 3 kA/1 kA/300 A

Supplied with 3 m cable

Novafax 56000 modem 3 RBAE006 Modem for data download 56 kb/s

Winalp 2400 software

1 RBAT001 Allows downloading, storing and comparing data from a whole fleet of Alptec power quality analyzers for further analysis and reports printing Compatible with: - Win98 - Win NT4, - Windows millennium, - Windows XP and - Windows Vista

Pack Cat.Nos Alptec 2333 power quality analyzers - IP 54

1 RDAB002 Power supply: 380-600 V± in 3-phase mode or 85-250 V± in single-phase mode Portable device for temporarily monitoring The following values are measured and recorded on compact flash memory card: - dips, swells, and waveforms - power quality reports - flicker (Pst, Plt according to IEC61000-4-7) - 51 harmonics and inter-harmonics (voltage and current), - symmetrical values, unbalance - conventional magnitudes (U, I, P, Q, S, D, PF, THD U and THD I) Communication mode: USB Measurement: 3 voltages and 3 currents Supplied with: - backup battery (autonomy: minimum 45 minutes) - 1 Gb flash memory card - USB cable - 3 voltage clamps - 3 current clamps (100 A / 1 Vrms) - suitcase for transport

For on site power quality monitoring of electrical network at different locations such as: power plants, factories, office buildings (data servers, central banks), etc. Conform to EN 50160, IEC 61000-4-30 class A, IEC 61000-4-7 and IEC 61000-4-15

RBAA001.1

RBAD001.1 RDAB002

RBAH002.1

RBAF001.1

48 V= and 127 V= power supply, GSM and IP modem: please consult us

Alptec power quality analyzers

n Technical data

Voltage measurement- 4 differential inputs- Measurement range: 10-750 Vrms

Communication- USB, Ethernet, embeded modem (PSTN or GSM), RS232, RS485

Power supply of the devices- 190 - 264 V± / 240 - 360 V=- Option 48 V= or 127 V=- Internal backup battery 30 min

Standards- EN 50160- IEC 61000-4-30 class A- IEC 61000-4-15 (Flicker)- IEC 61000-4-7 (Harmonic)- IEC 61000-3-6/7 (Harmonic statistics,imbalance and flicker).

Current measurement- 4 input TI isolated- Rated current: 5 Arms

Acquisition system- Sampling frequency: 10.2 kHz- RMS measurement: 200 ms

Synchronisation and Flagging- GPS synchronisation- 10 minutes pulses synchronisation- Flagging of the data following EN 61000-4-30

Acquisition time- Dips, Swells and Interruptions: average 20 ms sliding by ½ period (IEC 61000-4-30)- RMS measurement and harmonics: Values averaged on 200 ms- Statistic measurements, RMS and harmonics: average, minimum, maximum on: 10 minutes (configurable), 2 hours, 24 hours, 7 days- 40 class of histograms: 24 hours histograms based on 3 seconds data 7 days histograms based on 10 minutes data

Recorded dataData are recorded in the memory card of the devices (CompactFLASH)

All data are simultaneously and continuously recorded from the switching on of the device

The characteristics of our devices are subject to change and not contractual

n Dimensions

Cat.NosDimensions (mm)

Weight (kg)

Height Width Depth

RBAA001.1 135 320 100 1.8

RBAH002.1 380 465 132 8

RBAF001.1 380 465 132 9

RBAD001.1 245 245 95 3.2

RDAB002 181 292 73.5 2.1

32

ALPES-TECH-EP2

33

ALPES-TECH-EP2

Winlap 2400 softwarezoom on the main functions

Every graphical table is configurable and the user can add remarks The software makes it possible to analyse the data downloaded from different sites simultaneously

n RMS values and harmonics

n Events

n Histograms

n Quality table

Simultaneous display of different values synchronized on the same timebase- Display of the 52 harmonics in the time- Harmonic graph following CEI 61000-3-6

The quality of the network is visible in reports according to the EN 50160 standard and UNIPEDE rulesThe compliance of the quality of the Network Power quality can be checked daily, weekly or monthly

Histograms on every RMS value possible24 hours and 1 week histograms

The shape and the waveform of the events (Dips, Swells and Interruption) are displayed The RMS values of the Voltages and the Currents are recorded during the event time

n Signaling voltage analysis

n Real time display

n Reports printing

Some electricity suppliers transmit ripple control voltage signals superimposed on the electricity Network- The Signalling Voltage window displays a list of decoded ripple control frames (decoded) transmitted on the electrical network, as well as the associated magnitudes and length of the impulses- The date and time as well as its average rate of injection are associated with each frame

- Reports following the EN50160 Standard (configurable) can be automatically generated- The data can be exported to a spreadsheet or copied to another PC- The printout of the user configurable reports can be scheduled from the software

At any time, the user can display the electrical values in the following different pattern: - Oscilloscopic display- measurement tables- Vectorial graphs (phasor)This enables to permanently check any wiring defect and the real time status of the electrical Network

EX29

038

World Headquarters and International Department 128, av du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny 87045 Limoges Cedex - France tél : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 87 87 fax : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 88 88 e-mail : [email protected]

www.legrandgroup.com

Documents

OptImI ze E nErgy quaLiTy - LEGRAND · PDF filecapacItOr bank InstallatIOns 08 ... Detuned reactors and capacitors ... but a simpler method consists of referring to a