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Pe
rform
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n o
f inte
ns
ity m
od
ula
ted
o
ptic
al O
FD
M s
ys
tem
with
dig
ital b
as
eb
an
d
dis
tortio
n
Evg
en
y V
an
in
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
Evg
en
y V
an
in
Acre
o N
etla
b, E
lectru
m 2
36, S
E-1
6440 K
ista
, Sw
ed
en
em
ail: e
vg
en
y.van
in@
acre
o.s
e
Ackn
ow
led
gm
en
ts
Ackn
ow
led
gm
en
ts
AL
PH
A te
am
an
d th
e p
roje
ct
co
ord
inato
r Dr. M
ish
aP
op
ov
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 2
Dr. J
ian
min
g T
an
g
Ou
tline
Ou
tline
Part 1
: P
art 1
: Intro
du
ctio
nIn
trod
uctio
n
��H
isto
ry
His
tory
��B
as
ic p
rinc
iple
s o
f OF
DM
(DM
T):
Ba
sic
prin
cip
les
of O
FD
M (D
MT
):
��Q
AM
ma
pp
ing
Q
AM
ma
pp
ing
��d
igita
l (DF
FT
ge
ne
rate
d) s
ub
ca
rriers
, d
igita
l (DF
FT
ge
ne
rate
d) s
ub
ca
rriers
,
��cyclic
pre
fix (C
P)
cyclic
pre
fix (C
P)
��d
igita
l to
dig
ital to
an
alo
ga
na
log
/ / an
alo
ga
na
log
to d
igita
l co
nve
rters
(DA
C/A
DC
)to
dig
ital c
on
ve
rters
(DA
C/A
DC
)
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 3
��ch
an
ne
l estim
atio
nch
an
ne
l estim
atio
n
��p
ow
er a
nd
bit lo
ad
ing
p
ow
er a
nd
bit lo
ad
ing
��a
da
ptiv
e s
ign
al m
od
ula
tion
a
da
ptiv
e s
ign
al m
od
ula
tion
��O
ve
rvie
w o
f po
ten
tial a
pp
lica
tion
s o
f inte
ns
ityO
ve
rvie
w o
f po
ten
tial a
pp
lica
tion
s o
f inte
ns
ity--m
od
ula
ted
(IM) o
ptic
al O
FD
M in
m
od
ula
ted
(IM) o
ptic
al O
FD
M in
a
cc
es
s a
nd
ho
me
ne
two
rks
ac
ce
ss
an
d h
om
e n
etw
ork
s
��tra
nsm
issio
n m
ed
ia
tran
sm
issio
n m
ed
ia
��la
se
r so
urc
es
lase
r so
urc
es
Part 2
: P
art 2
: Perfo
rman
ce e
valu
atio
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M s
yste
mP
erfo
rman
ce e
valu
atio
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M s
yste
m
��S
imp
lified
sc
he
ma
tic o
f the
sys
tem
S
imp
lified
sc
he
ma
tic o
f the
sys
tem
��D
igita
l ba
se
ba
nd
dis
tortio
n: s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
an
d q
ua
ntiz
atio
n in
DA
C
Dig
ital b
ase
ba
nd
dis
tortio
n: s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
an
d q
ua
ntiz
atio
n in
DA
C
��S
ign
al b
iasin
g fo
r op
tica
l inte
nsity
mo
du
latio
nS
ign
al b
iasin
g fo
r op
tica
l inte
nsity
mo
du
latio
n
��A
dd
itive
rece
ive
r no
ise
Ad
ditiv
e re
ce
ive
r no
ise
��Im
po
rtan
ce
of s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
(wh
y c
lipp
ing
“d
isto
rtion
” is
de
libe
rate
?)
Imp
orta
nc
e o
f sig
na
l clip
pin
g (w
hy c
lipp
ing
“d
isto
rtion
” is
de
libe
rate
?)
��A
na
lytic
al re
su
lts:
An
aly
tica
l res
ults
:
��D
efin
ition
of s
yste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
De
finitio
n o
f syste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 4
��D
efin
ition
of s
yste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
De
finitio
n o
f syste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
��E
ffectiv
e S
NR
an
d s
yste
m B
ER
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
an
d b
it reso
lutio
nE
ffectiv
e S
NR
an
d s
yste
m B
ER
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
an
d b
it reso
lutio
n
��An
aly
tica
l mo
de
l ve
rifica
tion
: co
mp
aris
on
with
dire
ct e
rror c
ou
ntin
g s
imu
latio
ns
An
aly
tica
l mo
de
l ve
rifica
tion
: co
mp
aris
on
with
dire
ct e
rror c
ou
ntin
g s
imu
latio
ns
��O
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
Op
timu
m c
lipp
ing
ratio
��M
inim
um
req
uire
d b
it reso
lutio
n v
ers
us Q
AM
co
nste
llatio
n s
ize
Min
imu
m re
qu
ired
bit re
so
lutio
n v
ers
us Q
AM
co
nste
llatio
n s
ize
��O
ptic
al p
ow
er s
en
sitiv
ityO
ptic
al p
ow
er s
en
sitiv
ity
��C
om
pa
riso
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M a
nd
MC
om
pa
riso
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M a
nd
M--a
rya
ryA
SK
sys
tem
sA
SK
sys
tem
s
(two a
ltern
ativ
e m
odula
tion fo
rmats
for tra
nsm
itting m
any b
its p
er s
ignal s
am
ple
/ bandw
idth
)(tw
o a
ltern
ativ
e m
odula
tion fo
rmats
for tra
nsm
itting m
any b
its p
er s
ignal s
am
ple
/ bandw
idth
)
��C
on
clu
sio
ns
Co
nc
lus
ion
s
His
tory
of O
FD
MH
isto
ry o
f OF
DM
R. W
. Ch
an
g, “
Syn
thesis
of b
an
d-lim
ited
orth
og
on
al s
ign
als
for m
ultic
han
nel d
ata
tran
sm
issio
n,”
B
ell S
ys. T
ech
. J. 4
5, 1
775-1
796, 1
966.
R. W
. Ch
an
g, “
Orth
og
on
al fre
qu
en
cy m
ultip
lex d
ata
tran
sm
issio
n s
yste
m,”
U.S
. Pate
nt 3
488 4
45, 1
970.
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 5
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 6
Re
fere
nc
es.:
J. A
rms
tron
g, “
OF
DM
for O
ptic
al C
om
mu
nic
atio
ns
,” J
. Lig
htw
ave
Te
ch
no
l. 27
, 18
9-2
04
, (20
09
).W
. Sh
ieh
, I. Djo
rdje
vic
, OF
DM
for o
ptic
al c
om
mu
nic
atio
ns
(Ac
ad
em
ic P
res
s, 2
01
0).
Ab
bre
via
tion
s: A
DS
L -
As
ym
me
tric D
igita
l Su
bs
crib
er L
ine
, DM
T -
Dis
cre
te M
ultiT
on
e
In R
F c
om
mu
nic
atio
n
syste
ms O
FD
M p
rovid
es a
sim
ple
way o
f dealin
g
with
mu
ltipath
tran
sm
issio
n
by u
sin
g a
rela
tively
sim
ple
D
SP
alg
orith
ms
Wh
y O
FD
M?
Wh
y O
FD
M?
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 7
In o
ptic
al c
om
mu
nic
atio
ns O
FD
M is
usefu
l for:
•co
mp
en
satio
n o
f mo
dal d
isp
ers
ion
in M
MF,
•... c
hro
matic
dis
pers
ion
in S
MF,
•... m
ultip
ath
in fre
e s
pace
•effe
ctiv
e u
se o
f ban
dw
idth
limite
d o
pto
-ele
ctro
nic
co
mp
on
en
ts...
���������������
IFF
T
Ad
d
Cyclic
pre
fixP
/S
QA
M m
ap
pin
g/c
od
ing
S/P
CP
OF
DM
sym
bo
l
Basic
prin
cip
les o
f OF
DM
B
asic
prin
cip
les o
f OF
DM
OF
DM
(DM
T) tra
nsm
itter
(real v
alu
ed
sig
nal, s
ing
le D
AC
, inte
nsity
mo
du
latio
n, d
ou
ble
sid
eb
an
d)
Q
I
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 8
IFF
T
OF
DM
sym
bo
l seq
uen
ce
DA
CL
as
er
so
urc
e
Op
tical s
ign
al
Tra
nsm
issio
n(S
MF, M
MF, P
OF,
free s
pace)
DC
bia
s
Dig
ital
An
alo
g
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 9
Tx
OF
DM
sp
ec
trum
OF
DM
receiv
er
Op
tica
l sig
na
l
PD
AD
C
Syn
ch
ron
ized
OF
DM
sym
bo
l seq
uen
ce
S/P
Rem
ove
Cyclic
pre
fix
CP
Rx O
FD
M s
pectru
m
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
0
FF
TE
qu
aliz
er
Ch
an
nel
estim
atio
n
P/S
Dem
ap
ing
/ eco
din
gD
ata
extra
ctio
n
���������������
Po
wer a
nd
bit lo
ad
ing
. Ad
ap
tive m
od
ula
tion
.
Wh
at if s
ign
al s
pectru
m d
isto
rted
by fre
qu
en
cy s
ele
ctiv
e fa
din
g?
So
lutio
n:
-8-4
04
8fre
qu
en
cy, G
Hz
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
1x1
0-1
1x1
00
Spectrum (a.u.)
Rx
-8-4
04
8fre
qu
en
cy, G
Hz
1x10
-4
1x10
-3
1x10
-2
1x10
-1
1x10
0
Spectrum (a.u.)
Tx
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
1
So
lutio
n:
-P
ow
er lo
ad
ing
: red
istrib
ute
the s
ign
al p
ow
er a
mo
ng
su
bcarrie
rs a
t DA
C in
pu
t-
Bit lo
ad
ing
: use d
iffere
nt s
ize o
f QA
M c
on
ste
llatio
n a
mo
ng
su
bcarrie
rs
-A
dap
tive m
od
ula
tion
: ad
just p
ow
er a
nd
bit s
ize a
t each
su
bcarrie
r to m
axim
ize th
e
tran
sm
issio
n c
ap
acity
Tx
-8-4
04
8fre
qu
en
cy, G
Hz
1x10
-4
1x10
-3
1x10
-2
1x10
-1
1x10
0
Spectrum (a.u.)
-8-4
04
8fre
qu
en
cy, G
Hz
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
1x1
0-1
1x1
00
Spectrum (a.u.)R
x
Po
ten
tial a
pp
licatio
ns o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M in
access a
nd
ho
me n
etw
ork
s
Ac
ce
ss
ne
two
rks
(10
0m
–2
0k
m)
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n m
ed
ia:
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n m
ed
ia:
••s
ing
les
ing
le--m
od
e
mo
de
fibre
fibre
••m
ulti
mu
lti--mo
de
silic
a g
las
s
mo
de
silic
a g
las
s fib
refib
re
La
se
r so
urc
es
: L
as
er s
ou
rce
s:
••d
irec
tly m
od
ula
ted
las
er d
iod
es
dire
ctly
mo
du
late
d la
se
r dio
de
s
••re
flec
tive
se
mic
on
du
cto
r am
plifie
rsre
flec
tive
se
mic
on
du
cto
r am
plifie
rs
••ve
rtica
l ca
vity
su
rfac
eve
rtica
l ca
vity
su
rfac
e--e
mittin
g la
se
rs
em
itting
las
ers
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
2
••ve
rtica
l ca
vity
su
rfac
eve
rtica
l ca
vity
su
rfac
e--e
mittin
g la
se
rs
em
itting
las
ers
Ho
me
ne
two
rks
(up
to 5
0m
)
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n m
ed
ia:
•p
las
tic o
ptic
al fib
re
•fre
e s
pa
ce
(Vis
ible
Lig
ht C
om
mu
nic
atio
ns
)
La
se
r so
urc
es
:
•lig
ht e
mittin
g d
iod
es
Pa
rt 2: P
erfo
rma
nc
e e
va
lua
tion
of IM
op
tica
l OF
DM
sys
tem
��S
imp
lified
sc
he
ma
tic o
f the
sys
tem
S
imp
lified
sc
he
ma
tic o
f the
sys
tem
��D
igita
l ba
se
ba
nd
dis
tortio
n: s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
an
d q
ua
ntiz
atio
n in
DA
C
Dig
ital b
ase
ba
nd
dis
tortio
n: s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
an
d q
ua
ntiz
atio
n in
DA
C
��S
ign
al b
iasin
g fo
r op
tica
l inte
nsity
mo
du
latio
nS
ign
al b
iasin
g fo
r op
tica
l inte
nsity
mo
du
latio
n
��A
dd
itive
rece
ive
r no
ise
Ad
ditiv
e re
ce
ive
r no
ise
��Im
po
rtan
ce
of s
ign
al c
lipp
ing
(wh
y c
lipp
ing
“d
isto
rtion
” is
de
libe
rate
?)
Imp
orta
nc
e o
f sig
na
l clip
pin
g (w
hy c
lipp
ing
“d
isto
rtion
” is
de
libe
rate
?)
��A
na
lytic
al re
su
lts:
An
aly
tica
l res
ults
:
��D
efin
ition
of s
yste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
De
finitio
n o
f syste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
3
��D
efin
ition
of s
yste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
De
finitio
n o
f syste
m m
od
el p
ara
me
ters
��E
ffectiv
e S
NR
an
d s
yste
m B
ER
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
an
d b
it reso
lutio
nE
ffectiv
e S
NR
an
d s
yste
m B
ER
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
an
d b
it reso
lutio
n
��O
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
Op
timu
m c
lipp
ing
ratio
��M
inim
um
req
uire
d b
it reso
lutio
n v
ers
us Q
AM
co
nste
llatio
n s
ize
Min
imu
m re
qu
ired
bit re
so
lutio
n v
ers
us Q
AM
co
nste
llatio
n s
ize
��O
ptic
al p
ow
er s
en
sitiv
ity o
f OF
DM
rece
ive
rO
ptic
al p
ow
er s
en
sitiv
ity o
f OF
DM
rece
ive
r
��C
om
pa
riso
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M a
nd
MC
om
pa
riso
n o
f IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M a
nd
M--a
rya
ryA
SK
sys
tem
sA
SK
sys
tem
s
(two a
ltern
ativ
e m
odula
tion fo
rmats
for tra
nsm
itting m
any b
its p
er s
ignal s
am
ple
/ bandw
idth
)(tw
o a
ltern
ativ
e m
odula
tion fo
rmats
for tra
nsm
itting m
any b
its p
er s
ignal s
am
ple
/ bandw
idth
)
��C
on
clu
sio
ns
Co
nc
lus
ion
s
Sim
plifie
d s
ch
em
atic
of IM
op
tica
l OF
DM
sys
tem
DA
C
Op
tica
l fibe
r
DA
TA
DS
P
DC
bia
s
La
se
r s
ou
rce
PD
AD
CD
SP
DA
TA
Inse
t A:
Dig
ital b
as
eb
an
d d
isto
rtion
du
e to
clip
pin
g a
nd
qu
an
tiza
tion
Ins
et B
: L
ase
r so
urc
e m
od
ula
tion
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
4
du
e to
clip
pin
g a
nd
qu
an
tiza
tion
Driv
e c
urre
nt
Optical power
DC
bia
s
Imp
orta
nce o
f sig
nal c
lipp
ing
time
Ele
ctric
al O
FD
M s
ign
al
time
Op
tica
l po
wer
DC
bia
s
DC
bia
s +
Clip
pin
g
Us
efu
l sig
na
l po
we
r is
sm
all.
Us
efu
l sig
na
l po
we
r is
inc
rea
se
d.
Clip
pin
g d
isto
rtion
Av
era
ge o
ptic
al
po
wer le
vel
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
5
-P
AP
R is
pro
po
rtion
al to
the
nu
mb
er o
f s
ub
ca
rriers
-P
rob
ab
ility o
f hig
h-p
ow
er p
ea
ks
is lo
w
time
time
Clip
pin
g
DC
bia
s +
Ex
tra C
lipp
ing
Clip
pin
g d
isto
rtion
n
ois
e is
sm
all.
Clip
pin
g d
isto
rtion
n
ois
e is
too
larg
e
OF
DM
dis
ad
va
nta
ge
: h
igh
pe
ak
-to-a
ve
rag
e p
ow
er
ratio
(PA
PR
)
De
finitio
n o
f sys
tem
mo
de
l pa
ram
ete
rs
Effe
ctiv
e s
ign
al to
no
ise ra
tio:
)(t
x
Clip
pin
g ra
tio:
time
0x
0x
−
AD
C b
it reso
lutio
n:
bit
N2
bit
NN
um
ber o
f qu
an
tizatio
n le
vels
:
><
=)
( 2
2
0tx x
R
22
2
2
&Q
Csig
nal
effI
II
ISNR
++
=
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
6
Receiv
ed
avera
ge o
ptic
al p
ow
er:
Mo
difie
d to
tal S
NR
:
time
0P
Popt>
=<
22
2
&sh
ot
therm
QC
noise
II
I+
+
()
()
fP
qS
P
x xS
thDC
∆+
� �� �� �� �
=
0
2
2
0
2
00
2ρ
ρ
An
aly
tica
l de
riva
tion
s a
re b
as
ed
on
Bu
ssg
an
g th
eo
rem
:J
. J. B
us
sg
an
g, “
Cro
ss
co
rrela
tion
fun
ctio
ns
of a
mp
litud
e-d
isto
rted
Ga
us
sia
n s
ign
als
,”
Re
se
arc
h L
ab
. Ele
ctro
n, M
.I.T., C
am
brid
ge
, MA
, US
A, T
ec
h. R
ep
. 21
6, M
ar. 1
95
2.
Fo
r de
tail d
eriv
atio
ns
se
e: E
. Va
nin
, Op
tics
Ex
pre
ss
, Vo
l. 19
, Iss
ue
5, p
p. 4
28
0-4
293 (2
011
)
Effe
ctiv
e S
NR
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
20
30
40
50
SNReff, dBS
0
SN
Reff @
optim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
25d
B 30d
B 35
dB
40d
B
45d
B
50
dB
55
dB
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
7
� �� �� �� �
−�� �
�� �−
=−
)1(
2 31
1lo
g 22M SNR
erfc
MM
BER
eff
QAM
MB
ER
for re
cta
ng
ula
r M-Q
AM
:
02
46
81
01
21
4C
lipp
ing
ratio
, dB
0
10
10d
B 15
dB 2
0d
B
25d
B
Effe
ctiv
e S
NR
ve
rsu
s c
lipp
ing
ratio
an
d A
DC
bit re
so
lutio
n
10
20
30
40
50
SNReff, dB
Nb
it =8
Nb
it =6
S0 =
45dB
No
qu
an
tiza
tion
Nb
it =5
Nb
it =4
Nb
it =3
SN
Re
ff @ o
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
8
02
46
810
12
14
Clip
pin
g ra
tio, d
B
0
10
20
30
40
50
SNReff, dB
10d
B
15d
B 20
dB 2
5d
B 30d
B 35
dB 4
0dB
45
dB
50d
B
55
dB
SN
Re
ff @ o
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
S0
02
46
81
01
21
4C
lipp
ing
ratio
, dB
0N
bit =
2
BE
R v
ers
us c
lipp
ing
ratio
46
81
01
2C
lipp
ing
ratio
, dB
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
BER
16-Q
AM
S
0 =28d
B, N
bit =
4
NF
FT =
16
NF
FT =
32
NF
FT =
12
8
68
10
12
Clip
pin
g ra
tio, d
B
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
BER
64-Q
AM
S
0 =36d
B, N
bit =
5
NF
FT =
16
NF
FT =
32
NF
FT =
128
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 1
9
Clip
pin
g ra
tio, d
B
81
01
21
4C
lipp
ing
ratio
, dB
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
BER
256-Q
AM
S
0 =44d
B, N
bit =
6
NF
FT =
16
NF
FT =
32
NF
FT =
12
8
Syste
m p
erfo
rman
ce e
valu
atio
n a
t op
timu
m c
lipp
ing
ratio
10
20
30
SN
Re
ff , dB
0
10
20
30
40
50
S0, dB
-20
-16
-12
-8-4
0
Op
tica
l po
we
r, dB
m
0
10
20
30
40
50
S0, dB
Nb
it =8
Nbit =
6N
bit =
7N
bit =
5N
bit =
4N
bit =
3N
bit =
2
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 2
0
SN
Re
ff , dB
10
20
30
SN
Re
ff , dB
1x1
0-7
1x1
0-6
1x1
0-5
1x1
0-4
1x1
0-3
1x1
0-2
BER
2 4 6 8 10
12
Optimum clipping ratio, dBQ
PS
K
16
QA
M
32Q
AM
64
QA
M
128
QA
M
25
6Q
AM
Op
tica
l po
we
r, dB
m
Op
tical rece
iver p
ara
mete
rs
Resp
on
sivity
ρ
0
.8 A
/W
Th
ermal n
oise cu
rrent
thS
1
6 p
A/
Hz
Ban
dw
idth
f
∆
10
GH
z
IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M v
ers
us
M-a
ry A
SK
1x10
-6
1x10
-5
1x10
-4
1x10
-3
1x10
-2
BER
4-Q
AM
/QP
SK
16-Q
AM
64-Q
AM
25
6-Q
AM
2-A
SK
/OO
K4-A
SK
8-A
SK
16-A
SK
32-A
SK
3.3
dB
2.9
dB
3.1
dB
3.5
dB
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 2
1
-20
-15
-10
-5
Op
tical p
ow
er, d
Bm
1x10
-7
64-Q
AM
16-A
SK
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Co
nc
lus
ion
s
--A
na
lytic
al re
su
lts o
n p
erfo
rma
nc
e e
va
lua
tion
of IM
op
tica
l OF
DM
sys
tem
A
na
lytic
al re
su
lts o
n p
erfo
rma
nc
e e
va
lua
tion
of IM
op
tica
l OF
DM
sys
tem
m
od
ellin
g a
re o
bta
ine
d
mo
de
lling
are
ob
tain
ed
--O
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tioO
ptim
um
clip
pin
g ra
tio
--B
ER
B
ER
--R
ec
eiv
ed
op
tica
l po
we
r se
ns
itivity
Re
ce
ive
d o
ptic
al p
ow
er s
en
sitiv
ity
--M
inim
um
req
uire
d b
it res
olu
tion
ve
rsu
s Q
AM
co
ns
tella
tion
siz
eM
inim
um
req
uire
d b
it res
olu
tion
ve
rsu
s Q
AM
co
ns
tella
tion
siz
e
Evgeny V
anin
, Acre
oN
etla
bS
em
inar, 2
Marc
h 2
011
Slid
e 2
2
--IM
op
tica
l OF
DM
req
uire
s a
bo
ut 3
IM o
ptic
al O
FD
M re
qu
ires
ab
ou
t 3--3
.5 d
B h
igh
er re
ce
ive
d o
ptic
al p
ow
er in
3
.5 d
B h
igh
er re
ce
ive
d o
ptic
al p
ow
er in
c
om
pa
riso
n w
ith M
co
mp
aris
on
with
M--a
rya
ryA
SK
sys
tem
A
SK
sys
tem
--C
on
sid
ere
d m
od
el d
oe
s n
ot a
cc
ou
nt fo
r fibre
dis
pe
rsio
n a
nd
no
nlin
ea
rity, las
er
Co
ns
ide
red
mo
de
l do
es
no
t ac
co
un
t for fib
re d
isp
ers
ion
an
d n
on
line
arity, la
se
r c
hirp
etc
. Ac
co
un
ting
for th
es
e e
ffec
ts is
the
pro
sp
ec
t for fu
ture
wo
rk.
ch
irp e
tc. A
cc
ou
ntin
g fo
r the
se
effe
cts
is th
e p
ros
pe
ct fo
r futu
re w
ork
.
--P
res
en
ted
res
ults
ca
n b
e u
se
d a
s a
n “
ide
aliz
ed
refe
ren
ce
” fo
r co
mp
lica
ted
P
res
en
ted
res
ults
ca
n b
e u
se
d a
s a
n “
ide
aliz
ed
refe
ren
ce
” fo
r co
mp
lica
ted
n
um
eric
al c
od
es
an
d s
ys
tem
ex
pe
rime
nts
nu
me
rica
l co
de
s a
nd
sys
tem
ex
pe
rime
nts
