OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA (OPGW) FOR A RELIABLE OPERATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM ON HVAC SYSTEM

8/19/2019 OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA (OPGW) FOR A RELIABLE OPERATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM ON HVAC SYSTEM

1/25

OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA (OPGW) FOR A

RELIABLE OPERATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM ON HVAC SYSTEM

Guillermo [email protected]

Carlos Di Palma Luis Daniel Bellomo

[email protected] [email protected]

Conseil inten!tion!l "es #!n"s $se!%& $le'ti%esInten!tion!l 'o%n'il

on l!#e ele'ti' sste*s

STUDY COMMITTEE D+, In-o*!tion Sste*s !n" Tele'o**%ni'!tion

+./0 Collo%i%* Li*! 1 PERU


2/25

2

OPTICAL CABLE AS SUPPORT FOR THE FUNCTIONS OF

HVAC NETWOR2

33 M!in lin4 -o t5e *ission 'iti'!l -%n'tions,

• Main digital communication system• Differential protection system (main protection function• Digital teleprotection system (bac! up protection function• "C#D# and Control "ystem• "tabilizer resources system for $%tra &igh 'oltage et)or! (D#G*D#C

33 M!in lin4 -o t5e non6*ission 'iti'!l -%n'tions,• 'o+P telephony system (trun! lin!s, remote suscribers, hibrid system P#B-

+P*P#B-• L#*$thernet net)or!s• Monitoring of electrical e/uipment located in the s)itchyard• 'ideo sur0eillance for "" control building1 for isolated repeater stations1 etc• 2emote management system (M" for3

4communication system4protection system

4telephony system

4teleprotection system

4optical cable

4others


3/25

3

REALIBILITY AND AVAILABILITY (7!t 8/)

C2+5$2+# 672 "8"5$M"

• Pro9ecting Communication "ystems )ith high #0ailability (#i 0alues• :sing schemes )ith redundancy for the critical modules that are part of the

e/uipment• +mplementing duplicated )ay for the digital communication systems through

separated optical fibres•

+mplementing redundancy schemes through different paths34main communication system through different optical cables (7PG;


4/25

4

RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY (7!t 8+)

C2+5$2+# 2$6$22$D 57 5&$ 7P5+C#L C#BL$• 5o assure the optimal functioning of the communication system1 as )ell as the )hole

information that is transported by it

• 5he optimal functioning must be assured along the useful period of time of the opticalcable and not only in the commissioning period

• 5o be sure the optical cable does not imply a nonAa0ailability node in the )hole chainof the transmission of information

• 5he 7PG; must not considered as a con0entional guard )ire of the &' Line.

+t implies to ta!e ma%imum precautions from the mechanical1 electrical and opticalfeatures in comparison )ith a guard )ire

• +t is necessary to ta!e particular criteria that are specific and particular for opticalcables. +t is necesary to pay attention in all stages3

4during the design and detailed pro9ect (re/ueriments1 specifications1 etc

4during the selection of the manufacturer1 model of cable1 etc1 in order to assurecompliance )ith the specifications

4assuring the manufacturer has history of pre0ious pro0isions (in operation

4assuring an integral solution optical cable accesories (ne0er as

independent and separate pro0iders4assuring to ha0e 5ype 5est to an e/ual model of optical cable (not similar

4doing an e%austi0e factory tests (6#5 to the = of the pro0ision

4detailling the mounting and installation procedures in all stages of processes(mounting1 splicing1 etc

4doing a permanent super0ision of the mounting process1 )ith ade/uated tools1made by certified people1 etc

4doing an intensi0e set of tests on site ("#5


5/25

5

MAIN FEATURES TO TA2E INTO ACCOUNT

AA) Met!lli' Ae!

4 $0acuate and reduce the o0erheating due to the short circuit current of the

&' Line (+cc*+!

4 $ndure the atmospheric discharges that are re/uired )ithout cutting )ires

of the armour1 in order to assure a residual strentgh nonAless than EF of the25" of the cable (after tests

BB) C!9le 'on-o*!tion

4 #rrangement of one or t)o metallic armour

4 #nalysis of the characteristics of )ires of each armour (#C", #luminium #lloy,gal0anized )ires, etc

4 #rrangement of cable )ith a uni/ue tube including all the optical fibres

4 #rrangement of cable )ith multitube that locates the optical fibres in se0eralloose tubes around the central element (G62P

CC I*7le*ent!tion o- ! :5ole sol%tion3 7PG; elements for mounting and installation

DD) Not !lte!9ilit o- -%n'tionin#

4 from the point of 0ie) as guard )ire of the &' Line (mechanical and electricalaspects

4 from the point of 0ie) of optical features and performance of the optical fibres(atenuation coeficient, PMD coeficient, chromatic dispersion, etc

33It *%st 9e ! "esi#n t5!t :ill 9e "one 9et:een t5e !e! o- t5e'o**%ni'!tion sste*s !n" t5e !e! o- 5i#5 ;olt!#e lines


6/25

6

FAILURE ENERGETIC SOLICITATION

FACTORS OF INFLUENCEMODELING AND SIMULATION RESULTS MAIN FACTORS COMPARING CASES

ENERGETIC SOLICITATION OF THE OPGW


7/25

7

FAILURE

5he situation presented to the lightning stri!e on one of the ground )ires1 resulting

finally in a singleAphase fault bet)een a phase and structure of the to)er.


8/25

8

FAILURE

It shows the fault current (It) and its

components, the current through the

parallel circuit of guard wires (If!If2), the

current through the companion ground wire

(Ipr2 o Ipr22), the current conducted "#

the $%&' (Ipr o Ior2)

ower model


9/25

ENERGETIC SOLICITATION (SE)

+cc(t is the 2M" of the monophasic current of failure (!#

t is the duration of the failure up to the clearance of the failure (seg

"$ is indicated in (!#>s.

««


10/25

*

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IN THE SE OF OPGW CABLE

=. 5he short circuit po)er of the design

>. 5he damping of the failure current

. 5he location of the failure in the &' Line

H. 5he time of clearance of the failureF. 5he resistance of the failure

I. 5he earthing of the substations

E. 5he earthing of the &' 5o)ers

J. 5he impedance of the guard )ire that are companion of the 7PG;


11/25

=. 5he short circuit po)er of the design

5he #rgentina &' "ystem has addopted a po)er of design of >F G'# for the ""$$

that are connected to F!' "ystem. Conse/uently1 the ma%imum energetic

solicitation are lin!ed )ith that design 0alue

>. 5he damping of the failure current up to its clearence

"imilarly as the three phase failure current1 the amplitud of the one phase failurecurrent )ill be damped according the time passed

During the failure time transitory1 it )ill be distinguise three periods3

4the subtransitory period

4the transitory

4finally1 the permanent regimen of failure

5he damping during the subtransitory period is detemined by the instant )hen the

brea!er of failure close on the 0oltage )a0e. Mean)hile during the transitory period1

the damping is determined by the machines that are closed to the failure point1 and

contribute to the current of failure during the transitory period of them


12/25

2

>. 5he damping of the failure current up to its clearence (follo)ing

5a!en into account the difficulties that means to determine the electric pro%imity of each

machine1 it is addopted the hypotesis of nonAe%istance of closed generation

By that )ay1 it is possible to narro) the temporal 0ariation of the 2M" 0alue of the

failure current1 and conse/uently its associated +Kt.

+n that )ay it is considered a time constant of HF msec for the damping of the DC

component of the failure current during the subtransitory period1 and does not

considere any damping along the transitory period

. 5he location of the failure on the &' Line

6or loo!ing for the ma%imum 0alue or +Kt it is necessary to ta!e into account the failuresclose to the side of the Generator of the &' Line. 5hey are associated to brief times of

clearance and ma%imum 0alue of current. "imultaneouly1 it is re9ected the failures far

a)ay to the side of the Generator of the &' Line1 that are associated to long times ofclearance but )ith lo) 0alues of failure current. +t is the predominant effect allo)ing

lo)er 0alues of +Kt than in the pre0ious case


13/25

3

H. 5he time of clearance of the failure

6or loo!ing for the ma%imum 0alue of +Kt must be considered the close failures to theside of &' Line Generator. 5hey are associated to brief times of clearance.

5o this minimum clearance time it is necessary to add an additional time of

F msec that correspond to the time due to failure of opening of the brea!ers

F. 5he resistance of the failure

5he resistance of failure )ill be adopted as null.5he 0alue of resistance of failure has a nonAdetermined character1 and conse/uently it

)ill be despite its possible limitation effect on the one phase failure current


14/25

4

E. 5he earthing of &' 5o)ers+t is considered a resistance of earthing of uniform 0alue in all to)ers1 as it is re/uired

by pro9ects1 specifying an uniform 0alue of > . 5his situation does not de0iate

significantly from the real situation (at least during the first years of operation

J. 5he impedance of the guard )ire that are companion of the 7PG;

5he study has been done )ith a guard )ire (#G. But it could reduce much more thethermal solicitation of the 7PG; incorporating a guard )ire of the same section that

the con0entional one but the #lumon)eld material. +t reduces the resistance (in DC

of the guard )ire companion and conse/uently reducing the current flo)ing through

the 7PG;. 5his companion guard )ire )ould be necessary only along the first

!ilometres from the "$

I. 5he earthing of the substations

+t is considered the earthing of ""$$ and to)ers. 5hey offer a drain path for the

failure current1 reducing the )hole current that )ill flo) through the circuit formedby the impedance of the guard )ire and the impedance of the 7PG; cable.

6or the resistance of earthing of ""$$ )ill be adopted a 0aue much lo)er than those

ones of the to)ers (one ohmPara la resistencia de puesta a tierra de las $$55 se ha

adoptado un 0alor mucho menor al de las torres1 =


15/25

5

MODELING AND SIMULATION

Benchmar!

he "enchmar+ corresponds to the situation presented to the lightning stri+e on one of the

ground wires, resulting finall# in a singlephase fault "etween a phase and structure of

the tower- he assumption applied in this failure is that "eing applied phase fault near

the tower there is direct contact with the ground line-

In each simulation case are determined the total current single phase fault, the current

through the parallel circuit of guard wires, the current through the companion ground

wire, the current conducted "# the $%&' and finall# the calculated I2t .alue- I2t .alue

o"tained "# simulation with the pro.ided "# the manufacturer of $%&' ca"le is then

compared/ accepting the $%&' ca"le if the simulated .alue is "elow the manufacturer0sspecification limit


16/25

6

RESULTS

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 . . .0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Tiempo (s)

I ( k A r m s )

I

I

I

I

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 . . .0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Tiempo (s)

I 2 t ( k A 2 s )


17/25

7

1istance(+m)

ime offailure (s)

Icc(+rms)

Ig(+rms)

Igw(+rms)

Iopgw(+rms)

I2t(+2s)

*-4 *-25 2-3 () 2*-286 () 4-26 () 6-482 () 77-* (2)

3-2 *-25 -72 5-482 3-625 2-75 43-*

1istance(+m)

ime offailure (s)

Icc(+rms)

Ig(+rms)

Igw(+rms)

Iopgw(+rms)

I2t(+2s)

*-4 *-25 22-*3 2*-45* 8-283 2-8* 47-*

3-2 *-25 -5 6-*77 6-47 *-65 28-*

5he follo)ing 5able + sho)s the case of one phase failure1 )ith con0entional guard )ire..(= 'alores ilustrados en 6igura > (> 'alor ilustrado en 6igura

+n the follo)ing 5able > is sho)ed the case of one phase failure1 )ith guard )ire of #lumo)eld

C!se OPGW = GW Al%*o:el"

C!se OPGW = GW o- AG

RESULTS


18/25

8

DETERMINANTS AND COMPARISON OF CASES

:nder the hypotesis that )ere assumed in this study1 is important to mention the

influence of the follo)ing factors1 in the determination of the energectic solicitation ofthe 7PG; cable3

Damping of the failure current

$arthing in ""$$ and 5o)ers

Guard )ire companion of the 7PG;

+t is e0idenced the difference )ith the /uic! calculation

Rel!te" to 0.. 4V Lines

:nder tha hypotesis that are assumed in this study (short circuit po)er of >F G'#,

action of protection system of >F msec the guard )ire companion (E mm> of #G in

the failure more se0ere1 it is not necessary to increase the energetic capacity of the

7G; (i>t beyond of => !#>s.5he companion guard )ires of #lumo)eld sho) reAinsurance that can permit reduce the

Portion of failure current thar flo)s through the 7PG$ )ith noAmodification of the

section of the companion cable of #G1 and can resist the impact of lightning

5his type of companion cable )ould be 9ustificable in face an increase of short circuit

po)er of design greater than >F G'#


19/25

>UESTION AND ANSWERS (s7e'i!l e7ote )

>%estions !9o%t P!7e D+6./?.@

>/60 A''o"in# to o% e&7eien'e :5!t !e t5e 9est 7!'ti'es

to *onito !n" *!int!in t5e %!lit o- t5e e&istin# OPGW

ANSWER,

THE BEST WAY TO ENSURE AND MAINTAIN THE >UALITY OF THE OPGW CABLES IS

BY THE INSTALLATION OF A SYSTEM FOR THE REMOTE MANAGEMENT OF THE

OPTICAL CABLES (ON REAL TIME) ACCORDING TO ITU6T RECOMMENDATION

L. L/

THE CIGRE SCD+6COLLO>UIUM DEVELOPED IN +.// HAS A DETAILED TECHNICAL

PAPER ABOUT THIS TOPIC (D+6./6A.)


20/25

>UESTION AND ANSWERS (s7e'i!l e7ote )

>/6 I*7!'t o- ele'ti'!l !n" *e'5!ni'!l 'onst!ins !e o-ten %n"eesti*!te"

Ho: '!n t5is 7ossi9l i*7!'t t5e 'ontin%it o- t5e tele'o**%ni'!tion se;i'es

ANSWERS,

TO UNDERESTIMATE THE ELECTRICAL ASPECTS AS WELL AS THE MECHANICAL

ONES CAN AFFECT SERIOUSLY THE USEFUL LIFE PERIOD OF THE OPTICAL CABLE(FROM EPECTED +0 YEARS TO AN EFFECTIVE /. YEARS)

CONSE>UENTLY THE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES CAN BE AFFECTED IN AN

IMPORTANT MANNER (MAINLY FOR FUNCTIONS OF MISSION CRITICAL)

THIS IS A REASON WHY IS SO IMPORTANT TA2E INTO ACCOUNT ALL ASPECTS IN

ALL THE STAGES OF THE PROECT OF AN OPTICAL CABLE SYSTEM, DESIGNCRITERIA DETAILED ENGINEERING FACTORY TESTS INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

FIELD TESTS COMMISSIONING TAS2S

IT IS FUNDAMENTAL THAT THE SOLUTION TO BE IMPLEMENTED SHOULD BE

CONSIDERED AS JA WHOLEJ (OPTICAL CABLE = MOUNTING ACCESSORIES)


21/25

2

FIBRE OPTIC ASPECTS (7!t 8/)

• "ingle mode optical fibres )ith zero )ater pea! ("MAN;P according )ith +5:A5

G.IF>D so as to get the ma%imum use of the )a0elength spectrum• Paying special attention about3

40ariation of the attenuation coeficient )ith the temperature (lo)er than zero OC

40ariation of the attenuation coeficient )ith the mechanical tensile (during themounting process as )ell as during the permanent installation

• uality of fibres so as to assure a lo) attenuation coeficient (order of 1=QdB*!m

@ =FFnm during the factory tests

• uality of fibres by ensuring a good bend insensiti0e performance34lo) sensiti0ity for bending1 according to G.IFE.#> and G.IFE.B> (that arecompatibles )ith G.IF>D

4bending radius up to E1F mm (in comparison )ith the mm bending radius ofthe G.IF> standard

40ery lo) losses (from 1EF to 1 dB for bending situations in ?3 =FFnm

40ery lo) losses due to splices (order of 1F dB*splice

• Pre0isions for e%trinsic factors that can affect the refracti0e inde% as )ell as thecritical angle of the light beam. 5hat can produce the diffraction of the light into thearea of the fibre and goes it through the co0ering.

• 5he main factors are3

4macrobending3 precautions to be ta!en during the mounting and installationprocess

4microbending3 precautions to be ta!en about the pressure on the optical fibres


22/25

22

FIBRE OPTIC ASPECTS (7!t 8+)

• Pre0isions must be ta!en during the splicing process along the installation of the

7PG;1 according the follo)ing criteria (minimum3

4fussion splices must be done )ith high /uality instrumentation and automaticcentering of the nucleuos of the fibres

4tas!s e%ecution must be protected en0ironmentally (free of humidity1pollution1 dust1 etc

4tas!s must be done by people )ho are certified by the manufacturer of the

optical cable4using the guide of procedures that must be pro0ided by the manufacturer ofthe optical cable and*or the manufacturer of the bo% splices

4doing a sistematic measures of the optical cables along the splicing steps(step by step measurements

4using splicing bo%es including silica gel bags (high absorption of humidity

4using splicing bo%es )ith multiple cassettes in order to separate the fibres inse0eral )or!ing areas1 as )ell as to add a separate buffer cassette (in orderto a0oid the stretch of fibres

4using a correct and precise method for fastening the optical cable and theirfibres in the splicing bo%es1 in order to a0oid mo0ements of fibres duringgalloping effects1 streching process1 )inds1 ice release1 etc


23/25

23

OPERATION AND MAINTANCE OF OPGW (7!t 8/)

## 5he failure process in a con0entional guard )ire (#G )ill be e0idenced by the cut

and fall of the guard )ire3 that implies a critical failure RR

Mean)hile the failure process in a 7PG; cable )ill begin to be e0idenced gradually by factors as3

4increasing the losses in the optical fibres

4deformation and stretching of the fibres

4moisture ingress in the splicing bo%es and*or in the optical cable

BB +t is possible to do an early diagnosis by detecting3

4deterioration of the bit error rate (B$2 in the data transmission

4remote monitoring of the optical cable and*or their fibres

4measurements periodically made in order to contrast )ith the originalresults that )ere obtained (commissioning tas!s

CC 6ailures in the optical fibres should be a conse/uence of34$%cessi0e strain effort

4Bending radius that )ill be e%ceded (in the optical cables and*or their fibres

45orsiSn of cable

4Defecting splicing bo%es (moisture ingress

4Defecti0e splices1 artificial microbending1 etc

4$%cesi0e pressure on the optical cable

47thers


24/25

24

OPERATION AND MAINTANCE OF OPGW (7!t 8+)

DD 5o get a reliable maintenance implies the follo)ing processes3

4permanent super0ision through the Communication "ystem1 chec!ing the

early degradation of the performance of the B$2 0alues3 detection of the anomaly

4permanent measurements of the optical cables and*or their fibres1 in order to0erify the parameters originally measured during the start up period(inalterability3

ratification of the measurement of the B$2

4along the failure process3

conmutation to other fibres of the 7PG; (in case of failure offibres e%clusi0ely

conmutation to the communication bac!up system (i.e. dPLC1 "&6radio)a0e1 etc in case of failure of the optical cable

4restoration of the normal operation after the repairment )ith ne) fullcharacterization of the optical fibres

4analysis of the 6#+L:2$ for pre0enti0e and correcti0e actions

$$ +ncrease of the uality of "er0ice (o# by getting34reduction of the catastrofic failures and minimization of replacement of opticalcable

4reduction of the time of out of ser0ice (and conse/uently minimizing the0alues of onA#0ailability (#i of the "ystems

4incresing the useful time of the optical cable

4reduction of the maintenance costs by doing minimum repairment tas!s

lo)er 7Pe% RR

Inten!tion!l 'o%n'il on l!#e ele'ti' sste*s


25/25

OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA (OPGW) FOR A

RELIABLE OPERATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM ON HVAC SYSTEM

Guillermo [email protected]

Carlos Di Palma Luis Daniel Bellomo

[email protected] [email protected]

Inten!tion!l 'o%n'il on l!#e ele'ti' sste*sSTUDY COMMITTEE D+, In-o*!tion Sste*s !n" Tele'o**%ni'!tion

>=F Collo/uium7ctober J to Q1 >=F

Lima T P$2:

Documents

OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA (OPGW) FOR A RELIABLE OPERATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM ON HVAC SYSTEM