Upload
nksnksnd
View
10
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ICAO
Citation preview
CETTM MTNL
1OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
MODULE ID: TINTOFC001
CETTM MTNL
2OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Introduction
An Optical Fibre System uses light waves as carrier of the information signals.
Transmitted through an Optical Fibre using the principle of Total Internal reflection.
Main portion of an optical transmitter is light source ( LED or LASER diode.)
This changes electrical signals to optical signals.Receiver contains a photo diode which converts light
back into electrical signals.Detected signal is then amplified and shaped
appropriately.
CETTM MTNL
3OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Basic FibreOptic Link
FibreDriver Source Detector Regen.
Transmitter Receiver
CETTM MTNL
4OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Transmission sequences given below: Information is encoded into electrical signals.Electrical signals are converted into light signals.Light travels down the fiber.A detector changes the light signals into electrical signals.Electrical signals are decoded into information.
Transmission in Optical Fiber
CETTM MTNL
5OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Optical fiber
A Basic Optical fiber consists of two concentric layers.
Inner layer called core has a refractive index slight higher than the outer layer called cladding.
Light injected into the core.This light strikes the core-cladding surface at
an angle greater than the critical angle and gets reflected back into the core
CETTM MTNL
6OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
12
12
12
Total Internal Reflection
1Angle of incidence
2Angle of refraction
Light is bent away From the Normal
2
1Critical angle
Light does not enter Second medium
Angle of incidence
1 2
Angle of Reflection
When angle ofincidence is more than Critical angle light is reflected in the same material
1 is denser and 2 is rearer 1 is greater than 2
CETTM MTNL
7OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Fiber Construction
1. Core: 8m diameter for SMF & 50 m dia for
MMF 2. Cladding: 125m dia. 3. Buffer: 250m dia.
4. Jacket: 400 m dia
CETTM MTNL
8OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
125 m
9 m
Secondary coating
Primary coatingClad Core
Fiber Construction
CETTM MTNL
9OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Fiber Construction4 Optical Fiber
Thin strands of highly transparent glass or sometimes plastic that guide light.
4 Core The centre of the fiber where the light is transmitted
4 Cladding The outside optical layer of the fiber that traps the
light in the core and guides it along - even through curves
4 Buffer coating or primary coating A hard plastic coating on the outside of the fiber that
protects the glass from moisture or physical damage.
CETTM MTNL
10OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Optical Fibre types
Based on material 1. Glass Fibres [glass core & glass cladding] 2. Plastic-clad Silica Fibres [glass core & plastic cladding] 3. Plastic Fibres [plastic core & plastic fibres] Based on size 1. Multi-mode fibres 2. Single-mode fibresBased on refractive index 1. Step-Index Fiber 2. Graded-index Fiber
CETTM MTNL
11OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Modes
CETTM MTNL
12OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Types of Fiber
Single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode)
Use for long distance communication e.g. 50 Km
Multimode fiber (MMF) has higher "light-gathering" capacity than single-mode optical fiber and can carry many rays of light
Used for Short distance communication e.g. 200 mtrs
CETTM MTNL
13OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Colour code scheme in Seicor cable
Orange/Black12White6
Blue/Black11Slate5
Violet10Brown4
Yellow9Green3
Black8Orange2
Red7Blue1
Colour codeFiber NoColour codeFiber No
Colour code simplifies fiber identification
CETTM MTNL
14OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Optical Fiber Cable configurations
896
648
424
212
Fibers in each tubeNo of fibers
CETTM MTNL
15OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC COMPONENTS ,FUNCTIONS
CETTM MTNL
16OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC Components
CETTM MTNL
17OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC Classification
CETTM MTNL
18OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
FDF
Pigtails & Patch Cords
OFSystem
OF CableFibres Pigtail
Connector
Patch Cord
OFTB
OFTB
WSC
FDF/FDMS WITH COUPLER
CETTM MTNL
19OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Common carrier nationwide networks.Telephone interoffice trunk lines.Customer premise communication networks.Undersea cables.High EMI areas (Power lines, Rails, Roads).Factory communication/Automation.Control systems.Expensive environments.High lightning areas. Military applications.Classified (secure) communication
Applications of Fibre Optics in Communications
CETTM MTNL
20OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Trenching , HDPE pipe laying specs
Depth 165 cm,soft soil /1m rocky soil Top width :45cm,. Bottom width ;30cm Trial pits : 2M X1M X 1.6M On ducted routes : PVC pipes 100m inner dia,
3pvc pipes of 30cms dia as subpipes Non ducted routes ; HDPE pipes 75mm (6kg/cm 2), 10kg./cm 2 in congested city
CETTM MTNL
21OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Trenching , HDPE pipe laying specs
Depth 165 cm,soft soil /1m rocky soil Top width :45cm,. Bottom width ;30cm Trial pits : 2M X1M X 1.6M On ducted routes : PVC pipes 100m inner
dia, 3pvc pipes of 30cms dia as subpipes Non ducted routes ; HDPE pipes 75mm (6kg/cm 2), 10kg./cm 2 in congested city
CETTM MTNL
22OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Guidelines OFC Laying
Trial pits : 6 pits/km8mm/12mm Nylon ropes to replace 4mm
ropes already in HDPE pipe In walk through tunnels : Green pipe 32/40mm 2 number of split HDPE pipes of
total dia 75mm Hand hole inner size: 120cm x 80cm x 100cm
deep With cast iron cover and MS frame
CETTM MTNL
23OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Ribbon Cable
CETTM MTNL
24OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
48 fiber cable
CETTM MTNL
25OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC patch cord &pIgtail
CETTM MTNL
26OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Based on material 1. Glass Fibres [glass core & glass cladding] 2. Plastic-clad Silica Fibres [glass core & plastic cladding] 3. Plastic Fibres [plastic core & plastic fibres] Based on size/Fiber 1. Multi-mode fibres 2. Single-mode fibresBased on refractive index 1. Step-Index Fiber 2. Graded-index Fiber
OFC CLASSIFICATION
CETTM MTNL
27OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Based on usage 1 Outdoor cable 2. Indoor cableOutdoor cables are 1.Loose tube cables 2. Figure 8 cables 3..Armored cable 4. Ribbon cablesIndoor cables are 1.Tight ribbon cables 2. Fanout cables 3. Fiber optic patch cords.
CETTM MTNL
28OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC CLASSIFICATION
Loose buffer cables Tight buffer cables Shallow water cables Deep water cables Based on ITU-T Recommendations 1 g-651:M ultimode,fibers for use at 850nm 2 g-652:Standard SM FIBER 1310 nm optimized 3.g-652c :Low water peakfiber for CWDM 4. g653 : Zero dispersion point shiftd to`1550 nm 5.g654 : Cut of w/l shifted , submarin cable 6.g655; Non zero dispersion shifted (c band) 7.g655b :- Advanced NZDSF (S,C BAND)
CETTM MTNL
29OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Other cables 1. Self supporting aerial cable 2. Submarine cables 3. Fiber optic patch cords 4. optical GroundwireBased on Fire rating 1 Riser cables. 2 Plenum cables 3 general purpose cablesBased on Physical design consideratons 1. Inside plant cables(isp) 2. Outside plant cables(osp)
OFC CLASSIFICATION
CETTM MTNL
30OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFC CLASSIFICATION
Speciality fibers 1 Erbium doped fibers 2 Photo sensitivew fibers 3.Bend insensitive fibers 4. Polarisation preserving cables 5 High index fibers 6.Holey fibers( Photonic Crystal Fibers)
CETTM MTNL
31OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Optical ground wire cross section
CETTM MTNL
32OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OPGW Cable and PMMA Cable
CETTM MTNL
33OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Aerial drop cable
CETTM MTNL
34OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
ADSS (all dielectric supporting cable)
CETTM MTNL
35OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Other cables 1. Self supporting aerial cable 2. Submarine cables 3. Fiber optic patch cords 4. optical GroundwireBased on Fire rating 1 Riser cables.; OFNR,OFCR 2 Plenum cables..OFNP 3 general purpose cables..OFCG,OFNG,OFN,LSZHBased on Physical design consideratons 1. Inside plant cables(isp) 2. Outside plant cables(osp)
OFC CLASSIFICATION
CETTM MTNL
36OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
FIGURE 8 Cable
CETTM MTNL
37OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CABLE
Silica material contain Numerous airfilledMicroscopic holes.Obtain waveguide properties fromArrangement of closelySpaed air holes which gothrough whole lengthOf fiber
CETTM MTNL
38OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Band gap fiber(photonic crystal)
CETTM MTNL
39OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
ADSS cable
CETTM MTNL
40OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
BEND INSENSITIVE FIBER
CETTM MTNL
41OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Ribbon type cable
CETTM MTNL
42OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
Submarine OF cable
1.Outer protective jacket2.Galvanized steel armoring3. Bedding layer4.Polytheene outer sheath5.Wrapping tape+lead sheath6Polthene inner sheath7.Wrapping tape and moisture Barrier8.Central strength member
(steel wire)
CETTM MTNL
43OPTICAL FIBER OVERVIEW & CLASSIFICATION
OFNP, OFNR CABLES OFNP:OPTICAL FIBER NONCONDUCTIVE
PLENUM OFNR; OF CABLE NON CONDUCTIVBE RISER
Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43