Optical Fiber Channel Doubler (OFCD) with OTDR Monitoring

In FO transmission, it has two way of transmitting the data; Unidirectional Bi-directional

Convert FO transmission which; Using Unidirectional transmission Both end using the same wavelength such 1310nm or 1550nm Having at least 3dB available power margin/budget Using any standard of Single mode fiber Using any network topology Using any transmission format

to Bi-directional transmission system

A totally passive optical device capable of doubling fiber utilization

Transmitter FC/APC Receiver FC/APC Common FC/APC OTDR port FC/PC

Sonet/SDH network Access Trunk

WAN network (SM fiber cable) Switch Router

LAN network (SM fiber cable) Switch Router

Service Provider Telcos

Universities Government Institution

Hospital Government building

Corporate organizations TNB SHELL Petronas

To Increase productivity on existing cable or new cable To double up fiber utilization To solve fiber exhaustion problems To provide protection path if theres 2 core. To solve link bandwidth problem by increasing the number of system Ease to maintain because of passive Cost effective compared new fiber installation Life cable traffic monitoring using OTDR Ease to detect cable break.

Running out of fibers Want to reduce CAPEX, new cable installation vs OFCD Want to reduce OPEX, maintenance extra cable vs existing cable Want to do real-life OTDR monitoring on core Want to increase number of users but maintain the same number of core

Cost: rough value on fiber installation RM500k/KM vs OFCD Rp 50M/KM vs OFCD

Time to deploy OFCD; site visit: 30 min, Pre-install: 2 hour, Testing: 15-60 min

Port maintenance OFCD; same port (existing cable)

Ready port OTDR monitoring for each core. OFCD ease to install.

No powering required. Totally passive device Core monitoring. Support life traffic OTDR monitoring Support 1310nm and 1550nm Distance dependent on power budget calculation. Independent network architecture Transparent to bit rate and transmission format Plug and play

Center wavelength: 1310nm or 1550nm Wavelength bandwidth: + 30nm Insertion Loss: < 1.5 dB Return Loss: > 50 dB Isolation: > 50 dB Directivity: > 50 dB PDL: < 0.15 dB Storage Temp: -50 to + 85 0C Operating Temp: -40 to + 85 0C Optical connector: FC/APC or SC/APC Racking system: above 19 rack

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Two way, FO link can perform Bi-directional Wavelength difference Same wavelength

DWDM system

DWDM Spectrum

Physical view DWDM

Same wavelength multiplex

Fiber Doubler Concept

Before understand how the light cannot collide in the same core, must understand some photonic theory Light is wave-particle duality Photon does not contain any charge Same wavelength in different direction will not cause data corruption Power amplification

Simple analogy Class room with 2 light and one light Torch light with difference angle

Wave-Particle duality concept

Wave-Particle duality concept

3 parameters that important: Power Receive Power Sensitivity Power ReflectiondBm Margin

3dB 3dB

Must follow: PRx > Psen > PRef

Power Receive (PRx) Power Sensitivity (Psen) Power Reflect (PRef)

Reflection happen when: Wave encounter a surface or other boundary which some radiation energy not absorb by the surface then bounces the wave away from surface. Differences in index will make the surface act like a mirror. Event type: Splicing (normally the difference in index can be ignore if there is no bubble between the core) Connector

2 type of reflection Specular reflection = smooth surface Diffuse reflection = rough surface

Angle Physical Contact can reduce reflection because of the angle incident is 8 degree from surface. This cause the light totally transferred outside rather than reflected in the core. We can visualize if we see the mirror in straight compare with in angle view.

When the cable break/cut, the core surface will crack because its silica. When the light hit the surface, only small amount of power reflected back and it is called diffuse reflection. Equipment still can detect there is loss of power if the fiber break.

There are two thing that really important in order to ensure all patching that we do can give better result Clean Ensure all ferrule surface cleaned using cleaning tools Check with fiber scope to ensure the dirt flush away. Dirt can make reflection high and after certain period, core will be burned (black spot)

TightTo rid away of air gap, connector must be tighten. Small difference in index can give small reflection.

Visit our Website: www.sigtech.com.my