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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology Facts
• More than 250 million people have received biotech drug products and vaccines
• 350 biotech drug products and vaccines currently in clinical trials
• Hundreds of medical diagnostic tests approved
• Biotech crop acreage estimated at 125 million acres
Biotechnology Facts
• 1273 biotechnology companies in the U.S., of which over 300 are publicly held
• U.S. biotechnology industry employs 150,000 people
• $10.7 billion spent on R&D in 2000
• Revenues of $22.3 billion
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
$
Source: Ernst & Young
Exhibit 9: Biotech Revenues Increase(public and private)
Ind
us
try
Re
ve
nu
es
($
in
Bil
lio
ns
)
Year
Diagnostics/Radiopharmaceuticals/Contrast Agents 4%
Ophthalmic/Ophthalmologic/Eye 4%
Vaccines/Adjuvants 4%
Gynecological & Genito-Urinary 3%
Other 15%
Cancer 28%
Sources: NDA Pipeline, Ernst & Young
Exhibit 11: The Biotech Pipeline: Phase III Trials
Respiratory/Pulmonary 5%
Metabolic 5%
Blood & Coagulation 6%
Cardiovascular 6%
Infectious & Viral Diseases 9%
Nervous System 11%
Source: Ernst & Young
Years
0 16842 6 10 12 14
Post-Marketing Testing
FDA Review & Approval
Phase III (1,000-5,000 patients volunteers used to monitor reactions to long-term drug use)
Phase II (100-300 healthy volunteers used to check for efficacy and side effects)
Phase I (20-30 healthy volunteers used to check for safety and dosage)
Preclinical Testing(Lab and animal testing)
Discovery(2-10 years)
Overview of the Drug Discovery Process
Source: Ernst & Young
5,000 to 10,000 compounds screened
250 lead candidates in preclinical testing
5 drug candidates enter clinical testing: 80% pass Phase 1
30% pass Phase 2
80% pass Phase 3
One drug approved by the FDA
Overview of the Drug Screening and Selection Process
Clinical Development– Phased Clinical Development
• Phase 1: define dosing regimen(s) & acute safety• Phase 2: estimate efficacy & safety in patients• Phase 3: prove comparative efficacy & safety• Phase 3b & 4: differentiate in the marketplace
– “Plan for Success” of every compound• parallel uncoordinated activities• high resource expenditures
What Does Industry Look For?• Ethical
• Energetic
• Creative
• Good training in fundamentals of scientific inquiry
• Relevant background in specific discipline or field
• Good "people skills"– communication– team orientation
• Scientific Method/Experimental Design A
• Technical Competence A
• Communication:
Scientific hypotheses/data/results A-C
As member of interdisciplinary team C-
Project/team leadership & mgmt. D
Academic Training:An Industrial Report Card
What Kinds of Teams Do You Find in a Biotech Company?
• Project Teams (Research)• Product Development Teams• Money Raising Teams• Business Development Teams• Marketing and Sales Teams
Characteristics of Great Teams
• Great teams have to work together
• Members have a common vision
Characteristics of Great Teams
• People on great teams are optimistic, not realistic. They believe they can do things no one else has ever done before. This is not realism.
• Studies have shown that optimists - even when their optimism isn’t warranted - accomplish more than people who are pessimists.
Characteristics of Great Teams
• On great teams, the right person has the right job. It’s absolutely essential to find the right niche for each person or to let them find their own perfect niche.
• It’s too easy to believe that people are interchangeable. Truly talented people are rarely interchangeable.
• Great teams are not micro-managed.
• Members of the group need to have relative autonomy in order to be creative.
Characteristics of Great Teams
Characteristics of Great Teams
• Share information effectively.
• Require a lot of ideas and these ideas have to be shared.
• Prefer civility as the social climate for creative collaboration
TOYS $$$ Education
• Write down ONE thing from each slide.
• Title your paper “Toys $$$ Education”
• Place your name, pd, date, etc on paper
• Your binder should now have:– 1. Scavenger hunt– 2. Latin words– 3. This paper
No High School
• Own boss Millions to bankruptcy
• $40,000 - $80,000 - $1,000,000+
• ??????????
• Fast food $5,000 - $15,000• Work for Family ?
• Do they want you to work for them ???
High School degree
• Non specialized + doing what others tell you to do everyday $20,000 - $40,000
• ???
What about that job at the mills my parents got right out of high school?
• The mills are highering fewer people. All new highers have education beyond high school.
Trade / AA degree
• Factory laborer $20,000 - $65,000
• Mechanic, Electrician, Plumber
• Nurse, Message therapist, Secretary
• $20,000 - $80,000
• Store Manager $30,000 - $80,000
• ???
College
• Specialized in a field
• Education $35,000 - $65,000
• Environmental $25,000 - $95,000
• Business $30,000 - $100,000
• ???
Masters / PhD
• Doctor $100,000 - $300,000
• Lawyer $60,000 - $400,000
• Director of business$80,000 - $160,000
• VP of a business $120,000 - $500,000
• CEO / Boss $280,000 - $800,000+
What do you want?
• Want Need for Income• Apartment $25,000
– (what education do you need to afford an apartment?)– (If you have a roommate and share $, what education do you need?)
• House small 3 bedroom $40,000» ($200,000)
• House medium 3 bdrm $60,000» ($250,000)
• House w/land, 10 acres ($300,000 +) $70,000• Large house $100,000+
» ($350,000+)
Toys
• Want Extra Income needed• Nice car $5,000 / year more
» New car ($20,000)
• Boat $5,000• Wave runner, motor bike, 4 wheeler $3,000 /yr/each
» ($3,000 each + supplies)
• Vacations $2,000/person in family» ($1,500 min to Hawaii, Vegas, Disneyland)
• Get Married $5,000-20,000 more• New clothes, eat out, etc $???,???
Retirement??????????
• Do you plan on working your entire life?
• Are you saving money so you can retire when you are 65 years old? Add $5,000+/yr
• What if your car breaks down? $1,000
• What if you get sick? $1,000-$10,000
Education level
• 1. Add up what you want in the future in regards to the income you’ll need to have.
• 2. What education level will you need and how many years till you’ll probably get there?
• Answer ____________________