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Opportunities for Improving Physical Education’s Impact on Public Health. James F. Sallis San Diego State University www.drjamessallis.sdsu.edu. 20 years later—how can we do better?. Celebrate our accomplishments but resolve to improve PE for all Remaining barriers to improving PE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Opportunities for Improving Physical Education’s Impact on Public Health
James F. SallisSan Diego State University
www.drjamessallis.sdsu.edu
20 years later—how can we do better?
• Celebrate our accomplishments but resolve to improve PE for all
• Remaining barriers to improving PE– PE & public health still do not share goals for active PE– We don’t know what is happening in PE classes– There are disparities in PE
• I propose pathways toward solutions for each of these
49%
35%
10%
3.4%10%
5.4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
6-11 12-15 16-19Age
Percentage of youth ages 6-19 meeting 60 min/day physical activity guidelines.
Based on accelerometers. NHANES 2003-4
MalesFemales
Troiano, MSSE 2007
PE & public health still do not share goals
• Public health has embraced PE – IOM, CDC, CPPW, RWJF, The First Lady are your
friends. They all want active PE• Education groups do not support PE
– NCLB was a disaster for PE– Prospects for PE/PA in reauthorization are not good– PEP grants are essentially gone
• Education & PE groups do not support active PE– Only 6 states have policies requiring 50% MVPA in
PE classes. No states provide funding or accountability
PE & public health still do not share goals
• The Virginia case study– Both houses of the Virginia legislature passed a law
requiring schools to provide 150 min of PA weekly as part of the fight against childhood obesity
– Education groups fought against the bill; health groups fought for it
– On March 24, Gov McDonnell used his first veto on this bill
– “Gov’t cannot just pass legislation and make this problem go away. Kids need to get off the couch”
PE & public health still do not share goals
• What can we do?– NASPE and CDC work together to set goals for 50%
MVPA in PE and to achieve other goals through activity
– PE and public health work together to pass more state laws requiring active PE. This requires bringing education, PE, & health leaders together. California Endowment is pursuing this.
– Public health agencies provide partial funding to improve PA in PE. Justified because health would benefit.
• Could happen through Community Transformation Grants.
We do not know what is happening in PE classes
• We have never had a national study of PE practices
• Teacher or administrator reports of MVPA time are not credible
• We have the methods—observation, sensors • The study would need to include analysis of
resources for PE– Teachers, training, equipment, facilities, class size
• Also, teachers need to be able to assess MVPA
Avg. amount of PE class time in MVPAby school level in 77 CA schools. (Toni Yancey)
20.6%26.7%
31.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
% o
f cla
ss ti
me
PA≥3
Elem M.S H.S. School LevelThe amount of P.E. class time that students
were physically active was slightly higher in higher grades but there was a great variation within each school level.
We do not know what is happening in PE classes
• What can we do?– CDC leaders want to do a national PE study. They
just need to find the funds. Encourage them.– Teachers need tools to know if their kids are active
enough in class. – Phil Scruggs showed that simple pedometers can
be used to monitor MVPA in PE classes. This is a feasible method for accountability. Start a grassroots movement to use them. Share experiences on PE Central.
There are disparities in PE
• The same schools with low MVPA in PE also have– Lower academic achievement– Higher obesity
• Perhaps improved PE can be a partial solution for several problems
PE classes in lower income schools spend less time being active.
Toni Yancey. www.calendow.org
Percent (%) of time in MVPA, by percent % of students eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch (FRPL)
43%
34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0-74% 75-100%
Percent (%) of students eligible for FRPL
Perc
ent (
%) o
f PE
time
in M
VPA
Relation between PE Quality (%class time in MVPA) & API Score in High & Low SES Schools
>=75%<35%
%FRPL 3yr avg
800.0
750.0
700.0
650.0
600.0
550.0
500.0
Mea
n 3
year
avg
API
sco
re
617.7
750.3
584.2
702.9
50+ min/wk0-49 min/wk
Min. PE-MVPA/wk dichot
n=4n=6
n=3n=2
% PE class time in MVPA by % FRPL-eligible & by district avg. Fitnessgram score
29.6%
39.9%
low fitnessgram
districts, 21.2%
33.4%
low fitnessgram
districts, 14.4%
29.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
% c
lass
tim
e in
MV
PA
0-33% FRPL 34-66% FRPL 67-100% FRPL
low fitnessgram districts high fitnessgram districts
There are disparities in PE
• What can we do?– If we can bring back PEP grants, target them to
schools of high need– Target state PE funds to schools of high need– Build capacity for low-resource schools to apply
for grants and fund-raise for PE
Reasons for optimism
• Concerns about childhood obesity are getting us closer to action
• Strong interest in PE among public health groups
• We know how to make PE active: evidence-based programs
• Possible funding & changed incentives through Affordable Care Act
Here is my plea
• PE and public health fields join together in demanding active PE
• Document MVPA in classes, schools, and in a national study
• Start improvements in schools with high need• Organize advocacy at district, state, federal
levels• Get parents angry and then involved• Support kids to testify to decision makers
Who Can Say “No” To These Children Asking for Better PE?
Resources at www.activelivingresearch.org