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Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Education. The 3rd SINO FRANCO WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES March 26 – 28, 2002 INRIA SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS. Timothy K. Shih and MINE Lab Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tamkang University, Taiwan. Policy Issues. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Opportunities and Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Challenges of Distance
EducationEducation
Opportunities and Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Challenges of Distance
EducationEducation
The 3rd SINO FRANCO WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES
March 26 – 28, 2002 INRIA SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS
Timothy K. Shih and MINE LabTimothy K. Shih and MINE LabDepartment of Computer Science and Information Department of Computer Science and Information
EngineeringEngineeringTamkang University, TaiwanTamkang University, Taiwan
Problems and ConsiderationsProblems and Considerations
Demonstration of 4 Distance Learning Tools
Demonstration of 4 Distance Learning Tools
Network IssuesNetwork Issues
Educational TechnologiesEducational Technologies
ScalabilityScalability
Software SystemsSoftware Systems
History of Media TechnologiesHistory of Media Technologies Policy
IssuesPolicy Issues
Sociological IssuesSociological Issues
Technical IssuesTechnical Issues
1922: 1922: Thomas Edison predicted that the Thomas Edison predicted that the motion picturemotion picture woul would replace textbookd replace textbook
W.W.II: W.W.II: Army training filmArmy training film ((efficiencyefficiency was the consideration) was the consideration) After W.W.II: After W.W.II: Television/VideoTelevision/Video TapeTape for Learning, but for Learning, but no interno inter
actionaction 70’s and 80’s: 70’s and 80’s: Computer Based Training (Computer Based Training (CBTCBT) increases int) increases int
eractivity eractivity (limited to the drill and practice strategies)(limited to the drill and practice strategies). . StabilStabilityity is the concern to build CBT programs due to the rapid chan is the concern to build CBT programs due to the rapid change of hardware and O.S.ge of hardware and O.S.
80’s: 80’s: SatelliteSatellite TV TV learning learning Early 90’s: Early 90’s: Multimedia presentations, CD ROM titles (Multimedia presentations, CD ROM titles (CAICAI), ), IntInt
erneternet Mid 90’s: Mid 90’s: Intelligent/individualized tutoring, Intelligent/individualized tutoring, WWWWWW Late 90’s: Late 90’s: Distance Learning/Virtual UniversityDistance Learning/Virtual University The New Millennium and the Beyond: The New Millennium and the Beyond: synchronized distance synchronized distance
learning, mobile learning, virtual university, adaptive content dlearning, mobile learning, virtual university, adaptive content development, remote lab, computer aided assessment,evelopment, remote lab, computer aided assessment, and … and …
History of Media Technology for History of Media Technology for LearningLearningHistory of Media Technology for History of Media Technology for LearningLearning
Elements Elements of of Distance Distance EducationEducation
Elements Elements of of Distance Distance EducationEducation Polic
y Policy
People People
Technology Technology
• Criteria for Diploma or Degree• Standard (e.g., SCORM)• Intellectual Property (IP)• Classification of Virtual Universities• People/Sociological Considerations
• Educational Professional• Administrator• Engineer• Artiste• Student/Customer
• Network Technologies• Web Technologies• Educational Theory• Intelligent Methods• Software Engineering
What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?
Challenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance Education
Challenges of Distance Education
Distance Learning Middleware Systems
Human and Sociological Issues
Policies for Diploma, Standards, IP
Domain Specific Lab Network Technologies
Cluster Computing Educational Technologies
Technical Problems of DE
WebCTWebCT http://www.webct.comhttp://www.webct.com Blackboard 5Blackboard 5 http://www.blackboard.comhttp://www.blackboard.com Lotus LearningSpaceLotus LearningSpace http://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/welcome/learnspacehttp://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/welcome/learnspace TopclassTopclass http://www.wbtsystems.comhttp://www.wbtsystems.com eCollegeeCollege http://www.ecollege.comhttp://www.ecollege.com NetLearning+NetLearning+ http://www.netlearningplus.comhttp://www.netlearningplus.com DigitalThinkDigitalThink http://www.digitalthink.comhttp://www.digitalthink.com ConveneConvene http://www.convene.comhttp://www.convene.com CAPACAPA http://capa4.lite.msu.edu/homepage/#overhttp://capa4.lite.msu.edu/homepage/#over Assess2LearnAssess2Learn http://www.riverpub.com/products/group/assess2learn.hthttp://www.riverpub.com/products/group/assess2learn.ht
mm EduCitiesEduCities http://www.educities.edu.twhttp://www.educities.edu.tw PI-LearningPI-Learning http://www.pi-learning.com/main_frame.htmlhttp://www.pi-learning.com/main_frame.html The @campusThe @campus http://www.at-campus.comhttp://www.at-campus.com Cyber SchoolCyber School http://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/home.htmhttp://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/home.htm WebQuiz WriterWebQuiz Writer http://www.web-quiz.nethttp://www.web-quiz.net a2zClassa2zClass http://www.a2zclass.comhttp://www.a2zclass.com Web Based LearningWeb Based Learning http://www.vitalect.comhttp://www.vitalect.com PrometheusPrometheus http://www.prometheus.comhttp://www.prometheus.com
Distance Learning Systems and ProjectsDistance Learning Systems and Projects
Course and UserCourse and User ManagementManagement (Distance Learning Platform)(Distance Learning Platform) LearningSpace, PI-Learning, LearningSpace, PI-Learning, WebCT, @campus, WebCT, @campus, a2zClass, Blackboard 5,a2zClass, Blackboard 5, NetLe NetLe
arning+, WBL, Prometheus, Topclass, eCollege, DigitalThink, Convenearning+, WBL, Prometheus, Topclass, eCollege, DigitalThink, Convene Instance Hints andInstance Hints and Intelligent TutoringIntelligent Tutoring
CAPA, Assess2Learn, CAPA, Assess2Learn, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5 Keep Track of Student Performances andKeep Track of Student Performances and AssessmentAssessment
LearningSpace, CAPA, Assess2Learn, PI-Learning, Topclass, DigitalThink, ConvLearningSpace, CAPA, Assess2Learn, PI-Learning, Topclass, DigitalThink, Convene, ene, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5
Personalized QuizzesPersonalized Quizzes and and Individualized LearningIndividualized Learning CAPA, EduCities, TopclassCAPA, EduCities, Topclass
SecureSecure Tests for Privacy Tests for Privacy Assess2Learn, WebQuiz Writer, WBL, Convene, Assess2Learn, WebQuiz Writer, WBL, Convene, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5
Learning ModelsLearning Models EduCitiesEduCities
Real-TimeReal-Time CommunicationCommunication LearningSpace, a2zClass, NetLearning+, Topclass, eCollegeLearningSpace, a2zClass, NetLearning+, Topclass, eCollege, , Blackboard 5Blackboard 5
CourseCourse ContentContent CAPA, a2zClass, DigitalThink, WebCT, Blackboard 5CAPA, a2zClass, DigitalThink, WebCT, Blackboard 5
MultilingualMultilingual Support Support TopclassTopclass, DigitalThink, WebCT, DigitalThink, WebCT
Issues of Distance Learning SystemsIssues of Distance Learning Systems
Research Issues of Distance Research Issues of Distance EducationEducationResearch Issues of Distance Research Issues of Distance EducationEducation Instructor load in Instructor load in content developmentcontent development
Courseware/Platform Standard (e.g., SCORM)Courseware/Platform Standard (e.g., SCORM) Efficient courseware development toolsEfficient courseware development tools
Instructor load in Instructor load in e-mail Q and Ae-mail Q and A FAQ summarization and auto-replyFAQ summarization and auto-reply
Unbiased examUnbiased exam and automatic student and automatic student assessmentassessment
Intelligent tutoringIntelligent tutoring and individualized tests and individualized tests AwarenessAwareness from others at a regular interval from others at a regular interval Universal and mobile Universal and mobile accessibilityaccessibility Remote labRemote lab and virtual lab and virtual lab ScalabilityScalability Broadband and real-time Broadband and real-time communicationcommunication
Distance Learning Projects at MINE Distance Learning Projects at MINE LabLabDistance Learning Projects at MINE Distance Learning Projects at MINE LabLab
A Web document development environmentA Web document development environment Mobile interface agentMobile interface agent for persistent look-and- for persistent look-and-
feelfeel Course development andCourse development and student assessment student assessment
toolstools Communication and Communication and annotationannotation tools tools Video Video presentation recordingpresentation recording tool tool Mobile media serverMobile media server On-line exam surveillance toolOn-line exam surveillance tool Wireless mobile learningWireless mobile learning Distance learning for blind peopleDistance learning for blind people Courseware design as a decision problemCourseware design as a decision problem Administration systemAdministration system http://www.mine.tku.
edu.tw
Front EndFront End of of Virtual World Virtual World User InterfaceUser Interface
Mobile Agent Mobile Agent TechniqueTechnique
Universal AccessUniversal Access Persistent Persistent
Look and FeelLook and Feel Integrated with Integrated with
an an E-NotebookE-Notebook Automatic Automatic
restorerestore of of personal datapersonal data
Timothy K. Shih and Jung-Hung Wang, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan
A Persistent Look and Feel A Persistent Look and Feel AgentAgentA Persistent Look and Feel A Persistent Look and Feel AgentAgent
StudentStudent Agent Agent InstructorInstructor AgentAgent AdministratorAdministrator AgentAgent
Student Instructor Administrator
Mobile Agents of Different RolesMobile Agents of Different Roles
Cut and Paste of Web ObjectsCut and Paste of Web Objects The notebook is saved as a HTML fileThe notebook is saved as a HTML file Mobile StorageMobile Storage with a Replication Manager with a Replication Manager Integrated with communication toolsIntegrated with communication tools Collaborative NotebookCollaborative Notebook (Public Notebook) as a future work (Public Notebook) as a future work
An E-Notebook ToolAn E-Notebook Tool
DemoDemoStudent, Instructor, and Adm. AgentsStudent, Instructor, and Adm. Agents
How do we develop Web courses with an How do we develop Web courses with an easy to accesseasy to access style? style? – Course Patterns– Course Patterns
How do we How do we evaluateevaluate student learning student learning performance? performance? – Navigation, Tests– Navigation, Tests
How can we How can we helphelp them from the them from the evaluation? evaluation? – SPC Table– SPC Table
How can How can computercomputer help them? help them? – Tutorials– Tutorials
Timothy K. Shih, Nigel Lin, Jianhua Ma, and Runhe Huang (U. of Aizu, Japan)
A Course Development and Student A Course Development and Student Assessment SystemAssessment SystemA Course Development and Student A Course Development and Student Assessment SystemAssessment System
Student-Problem ChartStudent-Problem ChartStudent-Problem ChartStudent-Problem Chart S
P
2 3 7 4 9 1 6 5 1 0 8 g r a d e s p e r c e n t a g e S t u d e n t
c a u t i o n i n d e x
D e t e r m i n e
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 % 0 . 0 0 A
5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 9 9 0 % 0 . 0 0 A
9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 8 8 0 % 0 . 5 7 A ’
4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 7 0 % 0 . 0 0 B
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 6 6 0 % 0 . 5 0 B ’
2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 6 0 % 0 . 5 0 B ’
1 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 0 % 0 . 0 0 B
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 5 5 0 % 0 . 4 0 B
1 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 5 5 0 % 0 . 7 0 B ’
6 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5 5 0 % 1 . 0 0 B ’
1 5 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 % 0 . 4 0 C
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 4 0 % 1 . 2 0 C ’
3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 % 0 . 3 3 C
8 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 % 0 . 7 1 C ’
1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 % 0 . 2 5 C
n u m b e r s 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 8 7 6 5 4 8 0
C o r r e c t
p e r c e n t a g e
8 0 7 3 6 7 6 0 5 3 5 3 4 7 4 0 3 3 2 7
P r o b l e m
C a u t i o n i n d e x
0 . 1 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 5
D e t e r m i n e
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
A A A ’ A A A ’ B B B B ’
Revised Model – the SPC Revised Model – the SPC TableTableRevised Model – the SPC Revised Model – the SPC TableTable
The Student-Problem-Course (SPC) Table
View A: Score View B: Navigation View C: Test
Each view has two caution indices
An Instruction Design & Delivery An Instruction Design & Delivery SystemSystemAn Instruction Design & Delivery An Instruction Design & Delivery SystemSystem
Pattern DDL Program
Pattern GUI
Pattern Specification
Web Course Design Editor
Web CoursePattern
Database
Curriculum Development Committee
Web CourseContentDatabase
Web Browser with Web Navigation Patrol
WebNavigationDatabase
Progressive LearningState Machine
PerformanceAnalysis Model
Pattern Formal Syntax
Students Instructors
Pattern Design
MessageSpecification File
DDL Statements
Course Pattern
Course Content
Course Content
Course Pattern
Web Navigation Records
PerformanceRecords
NavigationRecords
BNF Grammar
IntelligentTutorial
InteractionCourse Pattern
Course Design
Analysis
Automatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture Generation
Based on Based on Test ResultsTest Results Based on Student Based on Student Navigation FactorsNavigation Factors Based on Based on Test Problem UsedTest Problem Used Based on Based on Web Knowledge Structure, or Web Knowledge Structure, or
Dependency Relations among course unitsDependency Relations among course units
The generated lectures are The generated lectures are state machinesstate machines which include new physical links which include new physical links
Automatic lecture generation can be Automatic lecture generation can be proceeded proceeded dynamicallydynamically
System User Interface – Content System User Interface – Content EditorEditorSystem User Interface – Content System User Interface – Content EditorEditor
Text Picture Button Video Audio Undo
Content Quiz Structure Assessment
System User Interface – System User Interface – Popup Quiz Popup Quiz EditorEditorSystem User Interface – System User Interface – Popup Quiz Popup Quiz EditorEditor
Options Answers
Unit
Frequency
Type
Question
Popup Quiz
Quiz Editing
Quiz Activation
System User Interface – System User Interface – Object Detection and SP TableObject Detection and SP Table
System User Interface – System User Interface – Object Detection and SP TableObject Detection and SP Table
Navigation Records
Student – Problem Table
Object Detection
System User Interface – System User Interface – Tutorial Generation and EditingTutorial Generation and Editing
System User Interface – System User Interface – Tutorial Generation and EditingTutorial Generation and Editing
Hierarchical Course Structure
Tutorial Structure
Course Editing & Navigation AnalysisCourse Editing & Navigation Analysis
DemoDemo
Text
Acknowledgement
Timothy K. Shih and Yi-Chun Liao, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan
Text and simple Text and simple graphic drawinggraphic drawing Annotation message Annotation message broadcastingbroadcasting via via multiple uni-castingmultiple uni-casting NetMeeting 3.0, COM (Component Object Model), ActiveX contNetMeeting 3.0, COM (Component Object Model), ActiveX cont
rolrol AcknowledgementAcknowledgement from Remote Stations is includedfrom Remote Stations is included Floor Control:Floor Control: Control Control ModesModes,, ChannelChannel, and, and GroupGroup
Annotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-casting
Request Button
Yellow LightRed LightsGreen LightsQuestion Button
Red Flag
Return Control
A Course Annotation ToolA Course Annotation Tool
On-Line Annotation with FeedbacksOn-Line Annotation with Feedbacks
DemoDemo
3030 Client connectionsClient connections HeterogeneousHeterogeneous NetworkNetwork
Annotation ToolAnnotation Tool
DemoDemo
The control of “The control of “Who to SpeakWho to Speak” in a communication ” in a communication environmentenvironment
Concepts:Concepts: ChannelChannel:: communication modal (text, audio, video, etc.)communication modal (text, audio, video, etc.) ModeMode:: communication style of a channel ( communication style of a channel (Free AccessFree Access vs. vs.
EqualEqual RightRight)) GroupGroup:: the IP domain of a channel the IP domain of a channel
Example: 4 Channels, 3 Groups, 10 Persons, 2 ModesExample: 4 Channels, 3 Groups, 10 Persons, 2 Modes
Video Conferencing (ER) and Chat Room Tool (FA)
Chat Room Tool (FA)
Annotation Tool (ER)
Floor Control – multi-modal, multi-group, and multi-modeFloor Control – multi-modal, multi-group, and multi-mode
Chat RoomAnnotation
Virtual PanoramaShared Notebook
Video
Audio
Video-on-Demand
Multi-modal and Multi-channel Comm.Multi-modal and Multi-channel Comm.
Video
Music
AudioSlide
MessageAnnotation
ASF Records
Timothy K. Shih, Y. R. Liu and Sheng-En Yeh, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan
Automatic RecordingAutomatic Recording Use Commercial Codec and the Use Commercial Codec and the Advanced Streaming Advanced Streaming
FormatFormat (ASF) from Microsoft (ASF) from Microsoft Video and Slide Video and Slide SynchronizationSynchronization Text and Drawing Annotation Text and Drawing Annotation SynchronizationSynchronization Slide Slide SelectionSelection Presentation EditingPresentation Editing Automatic LoadingAutomatic Loading
Multimedia Synchronization Using Multimedia Synchronization Using ASFASFMultimedia Synchronization Using Multimedia Synchronization Using ASFASF
Event markersEvent markers are embedded in a ASF file are embedded in a ASF file Arbitrary Arbitrary activationactivation of markersof markers Do not record the entire screen as one video clipDo not record the entire screen as one video clip Video streaming depends on CodecVideo streaming depends on Codec
Video Stream
Text
User Interrupt User Interrupt User Interrupt
Slide Slide Slide
Event-based SynchronizationEvent-based Synchronization
MS Office XP – Presentation Broadcast provides video and slide synchronization (PowerPoint and IE)
Choose Device Choose Codec
Select Output
Slide Selection
Presentation Playback
User Interface of Recording ToolUser Interface of Recording Tool
Hard to record the entire lecture without Hard to record the entire lecture without making a mistakemaking a mistake
Different presentation needs Different presentation needs different different level of detailslevel of details
Lecture summarization and editingLecture summarization and editing Atomic presentation objectAtomic presentation object – a – a
PowerPoint Slide (with its video and PowerPoint Slide (with its video and annotation events)annotation events)
Text
AtomicObject
Adaptive PresentationAdaptive Presentation
Layered Presentation HierarchyLayered Presentation Hierarchy
Three Levels of Details
Automatic Loading
Presentation Editing
Automatic Recording and EditingAutomatic Recording and Editing
DemoDemo
Bring Outdoors to IndoorsBring Outdoors to Indoors – Virtual Reality-based – Virtual Reality-based communication and communication and situated learningsituated learning
Bring Indoors to OutdoorsBring Indoors to Outdoors – wireless – wireless communication for communication for encyclopedia and E-booksencyclopedia and E-books
EdutainmentEdutainment – makes learning– makes learning easiereasier and and more more interestinginteresting
E-CommerceE-Commerce – learning as a – learning as a commercial activitycommercial activity (i.e., (i.e., knowledge is for sale)knowledge is for sale)
E-InequalityE-Inequality – each virtual university has its own – each virtual university has its own uniquenessuniqueness
E-Problem?E-Problem? – – less people-centricless people-centric natural of learning natural of learning Yet another ‘dotcom’ issue?Yet another ‘dotcom’ issue? (i.e., not so (i.e., not so
optimistic?)optimistic?)
Distance Learning in the FutureDistance Learning in the Future
http://www.mine.tku.edu.tw