OPERATIONALIZINGTHEUSEOFTOTALSTATIONINHIGH-ORDERED

LEVELING

144thANNUALREGIONALCONVENTION

GEODETIC ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES 44TH GEP ANNUAL REGIONAL CONVENTION

(REGIONAL DIVISION III)

LOUIEP.BALICANTAChair,UPDGE

Director,UPTCAGPFelipeF.CruzProfessorialChairinGeodeEcEngineering

Geodesy,Survey,LandAdministra=onandValua=onLaboratoryU.P.DepartmentofGeodeEcEngineering

lpbalicanta@up.edu.ph

Otel Pampanga, Skye Plaza Bldg., Lazatin Boulevard, San Agustin, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

March 16-17, 2018

OPERATIONALIZINGTHEUSEOFTOTALSTATIONINHIGH-ORDERED

LEVELING

FelipeF.CruzProfessorialChairinGeodeticEngineering

Louie P. Balicanta

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3

INTRODUCTION

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ΔE

LEVELING

4

INTRODUCTION

GNSSLeveling

Indirect/TrigonometricLeveling

DirectLeveling11THProfessorialChairColloquium

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RESEARCHMOTIVATIONWhyTLwithTS?

• Duetotheadvancementintotalstationtechnology

• leastreadinginangularanddistancemeasurementhasimprovedovertheyears

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RESEARCHMOTIVATIONPhase1(Balicanta,Ines&Ramsa2012)•  fixed experimental set-ups between points on the

ground fronting Melchor Hall, UP Diliman and points at the third floor of the same building

•  high ordered leveling of at least third order accuracy can be achieved

Phase 2 – this research •  Vertical control establishment •  To operationalize the use of TS for H.O.Leveling

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REVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATUREErrorSources:C&Reffect

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ErrorSources:IncidenceAngle

TotalStationLaserPathwithIncidenceAngle

REVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE

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ErrorSources:IndexErrorREVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE

•  observed if the TS is not perfectly leveled therebyaffectingtheverticalangle(Cruikshank,2005)

•  DoubleCenteringMethod

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ErrorSources:PrismMarkerOffsetREVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE

α

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LeapFrogMethodREVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE

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METHODOLOGY

TotalSta=onDifferen=alLeveling

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ExperimentalSet-up• NikonNPR-332

• TopconDigitalLevel(forValidation)

• Indexerror=22”

• Diff.ΔElev<=12mmsqrt(K)

<=8.4mmsqrt(K)<=4mmsqrt(K)

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RESULTSTable1:PrecisionAssessmentbetweentheTwoSetsofTSLeveling

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RESULTSTable2:AccuracyAssessmentbetweenAdjustedDigitalLevelDE

andAverageDETSLeveling

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RESULTSTable3:Timespentforeachlevellinefordigitallevelandtotalstationdifferentialleveling

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CONCLUSION&RECOMMENDATION• AmethodologytoperformTSdifferentiallevelingwasprovidedthatcanbeusedbysurveyingpractitioners.

• Resultsoftheexperimentshowedthathighorderedlevelingatleastthirdordercanbeachievedwiththeuseofa1secondand1mmleastreadingTS

• Fullcapabilityofusingtheunitwasnotfullymetsincemostofthelevellineshasverticalanglereadingnotmorethan5degreesandmaximumdistancelessthan150meters

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CONCLUSION&RECOMMENDATION• TimespentforbothdigitallevelandTSlevelingseemstobecomparablebutstillinconclusive

• Recommendedthatadditionalresearchandexperimentsbedoneusinglongerlevellinesandusingpointsthatarehighlyelevatedordepressedtoobtainverticalanglesgreaterthan5degreestofurthertestthecapabilityofTSforhighorderedlevelingworks

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT• FelipeF.CruzProfessorialChairinGeodeticEngineering,thedonoroftheprofessorialchair

• formerstudentsofGE117:ACBongat,JeffreyDelica,MiaShairaEstabillo,MarvyFuntilon,AnaMargaritaGuillermo,JillianGulles,MikkaLagrimas,GraceSinadjanandJaraKayeVillanuevaforprovidingassistanceintheconductofthefieldworks(alsoJewelIglesia,theoneinthepicture)

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REFERENCESAnderson, J.M. and Mikhail, E.M. (2002). Surveying Theory and Practice 7th Edition, McGrah-Hill.

Balicanta, L.P., Ines, L.C, Ramsa, R.S. (2012). High-Ordered Differential Leveling with Total Sation using Modified Field Techniques and Systematic Corrections. 1st Philippine Geomatics Symposium (p. 7). Quezon City: UP Department of Geodetic Engineering.

Ceylan, A., and Baykal, O. (2006). Precise Height Determination Using Leap-Frog Trigonometric Leveling. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 118-123.

Cruikshank, K. (2005, March 25). Use of the Electronic Total Station-I. Introduction and basic techniques. Retrived November 13, 2012, from Portland State University: http://geomechanics/geol/pdx.edu/Surveying/Handouts/JGE%20Paper%201%20-%20Introduction.pdf

Lee, J., and Rho, T. Application to Leveling Using Total Station, FIG, (p.10).