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OperationalFirst Aid
Part 2 (v3.0)
TRAUMATIC INJURIES
*** WARNING ***
The next slide has graphic pictures
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (1)
Laceration / Incision
Avulsion
Abrasion
Puncture Wound
Amputation
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (2)
Minor Wounds Wash in clean running water (no need saline) Clean, Dry, Cover Refer to Medical Advisor
Major Wounds Conduct Primary Survey (DRSABCD), Ambulance if required Pressure & Elevation, squeeze wound edges together Apply pad & secure (do not remove unless absolutely necessary) Reassure, immobilise the injury site
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (3)
Embedded Objects If in doubt, leave in place Dress around wound & refer
Amputations Place body part in SEALED bag, place in icy water Do not allow body part to come into contact with ice or water Seek urgent medical assistance (Ambulance)
Internal Bleeding Call Ambulance, Primary Survey (DRSABCD) Lay down & raise legs slightly Keep victim still, reassure & monitor vital signs Give nothing by mouth
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (4)
Crash Injury Involves chemical change in blood (hypovolemic shock) Can occur after one hour Current guidelines : remove crushing forces as soon as possible
Head & Facial Injuries Scalp Wounds → treat as normal wound Concussion → Seek medical advice, monitor vital signs Fractured Skull / Cerebral Compression
→ Keep victim still, monitor vital signs→ Seek urgent medical assistance (Ambulance)→ Primary Survey (DRSABCD), Oxygen in necessary→ Do not plug ears if discharge→ Consider Spinal Injury
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (5)
Eye InjuryAttempt to flush foreign objects (water or saline)If embedded, do not attempt removalDiscourage blinking, picking at objectClose uninjured eye If Chemical injury, rinse eye in fresh water for 15 minutes
Nose Bleed Victim sits head upright, slightly forward Firmly squeeze soft tissue Try to breathe through mouth, do not swallow
Ear Injury Do not hold nose or blow nose If bleeding, do not plug ear Seek medical assistance
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (6)Spinal Injuries Injury can worsen from swelling, bleeding & movement Most likely on vehicle & diving accidents
Recognition History, pain, altered sensation Irregular bumps on neck/back Slow pulse rate Diaphragmatic breathing Erection in male (priapism)
Management Conduct Primary, Vital Signs & Secondary Survey Keep still & reassure, minimise movement Call Ambulance
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (7)
Teeth & Mouth Injuries Clean dirt away with milk, saline, saliva or water Place tooth into socket Take to Dentist
Chest InjuriesConduct Primary SurveySeek Medical assistance
•Flail Segment – a 'floating' broken rib•Collapsed Lung (pneumothorax) – Ambulance & Oxygen•Sucking / Open Chest Would – Construct ¾ patch
BLEEDING & WOUNDS (8)
Abdominal & Pelvic
Seek medical assistance Warm water bottle may help
SOFT TISSUE
Contusions, Strains & Sprains R → Rest I → Ice C → Compression E → Elevation R → Referral
Dislocation & FracturesImmobilise (no need to strap/bandage)AmbulanceDo not attempt to realignDo not use ICE
OVER-EXPOSURE TO HEAT/COLD
BurnsImmediately cool for 20 minutes (do not use ice)Remove rings, watches (etc.)Elevate burnt areaCover with clean sterile lint-free dressing (non stick)
Thermal → Hypothermia (low temp)
Keep warm, sweet liquids if conscious, call ambulance → Hyperthermia (heat exhaustion/stroke)
Cool victim, seek medical helpSips cool water
POISONING, VENOMOUS BITES & STINGS
Poisons : Ring 13 11 26 (program into your phone now)
Snake & SpiderPressure & ImmobilisationAmbulance
Bee / WaspIce, remove sting, pressure & immobilisation
TicksRemove & seek medical help
WATER CREATURESJelly Fish ( for SE Qld, for tropics use vinegar)Wash with sea waterCold pack, re-assess after 15 minutesHot water thereafter may helpConsider Ambulance
Blue Ringed Octopus (includes Cone Shell)Brown / Grey stringy OctopusRings may only be visible at times
Primary Survey, wash wound sitePressure & immobilisationAmbulance
WATER CREATURES
Fish Spine (Happy Moment, Stone Fish, Stingray)Remove SpineWater (45%c hot but not scalding)Ambulance in necessaryDo not use Pressure & Immobilisation
ADMIN & DOCUMENTATION
To do : Always
• Wear gloves• Refer to Doctor or Hospital• Recommend Doctor if pain persists (or gets worse)• Complete Log Book & Sign
THE END
Please complete your workbooksand hand to assessor
who will sign off and remove front sheet.
PowerPoint PresentationTraumatic Injuries *** WARNING ***Bleeding & Wounds (1)Bleeding & Wounds (2)Bleeding & Wounds (3)Bleeding & Wounds (4)Bleeding & Wounds (5)Bleeding & Wounds (6)Bleeding & Wounds (7)Bleeding & Wounds (8)Soft TissueOver-exposure to Heat/ColdPoisoning, Venomous Bites & StingsWater CreaturesSlide 15Admin & Documentation