BMGMoF

Operational Fire Danger Rating Operational Fire Danger Rating (FDR) in Indonesia(FDR) in Indonesia

GuswantoGuswanto*)*), , IsrarIsrar AlbarAlbar**)**), , OrbitaOrbita RoswintiartiRoswintiarti***)***)

*) *) Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG)Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG)**) **) Ministry of ForestryMinistry of Forestry

***) ***) National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)

Presented at “The International Workshop On Advances In Operational Weather Systems For Fire Danger Rating”Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaJuly 14-16, 2008

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OutlineOutlineBackgroundFDR Development (1999 – 2002)FDR Operation (2003 – now)Daily FDR Products (BMG, LAPAN, MoF)AdvantagesLimitationsClosing Remarks

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BackgroundBackgroundHistorical fire occurrences in IndonesiaDirect and indirect causes of fire occurrences in IndonesiaImpacts of fire occurrences in IndonesiaAttempts to do Prevention, Monitoring, and Mitigation.Adoption of Fire Danger Rating System as one of Prevention tools

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BackgroundBackground

Prevention:• Increased public awareness activities• Step-up detection activities• Notification of relevant agencies and

companiesMonitoring:

• Provides daily indicators of fire hazards• Critical for planning aerial surveillance,

pre-suppression activities and enforcement

Mitigation:• Position resources where more fires are

expected• Determine resource requirements based

on potential severity of fire• Coordinate resources of relevant agencies

and companies

Attempts to do Prevention, Monitoring, and Mitigation

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MoU G to G (Indonesia & Canada)SEA FDRS - Indonesia Initiative(CFS, BPPT, BMG and MoF)

1. Adaptation2. Operational3. Application4. Haze Regional System

MoU 3 Agencies (BPPT, MoF and BMG) FDRS Indonesia

1. Operational of FDR2. Capacity building in MoF3. Product Dissemination

FDR Implementation PhasesFDR Implementation Phases19991999--20022002 20062003 2003 20032004 2005 2007 2008

Ministry of Forestry (MoF) start to produce AWS and XLFWI FDR Calculation in 29 areas – 8 Provinces

BMG Produce 3 days FDR Prediction (SynergiesModule; MFI and BMG). BMG continued work on TOT and Capacity building of XLFWI Calculationin 3 Province (Jambi, Lampung and Palangka Raya)

BMG R&D start to develop FDR Prediction for 7 days and TAPM base on NWP (Collaboration CSiro and BMG)

BMG Install and Runs FDRS Maps (Pontianak, Palangka Raya, Jambi, Palembang, Pekanbaru and Lampung)

National Institute of Aeronautics And Space Agency (LAPAN)-sFMS based on RS

BMG- done TOT and Capacity Building (using XLFWI Calculation) in Riau and Pontianak

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FDR Development (1999FDR Development (1999--2002)2002)Institutions: – Meteorological and Geophysical

Agency (BMG)– National Institute of Aeronautics and

Space (LAPAN)– Ministry of Forestry (MoF)– Agency for Assessment and

application of Technology (BPPT)– Canadian Forest Service (CFS)

Pilot project areas:– Riau Province– West Kalimantan

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Adaptation Operation ApplicationDevelopmentComponent:

Agency roles:

BMG Activities:

FDRS ProjectSupport:

-Formulate FDRS team-Integrate weather database-Map fire climate zones-Calibrate FDRS locally

-Decode weather data-Generate daily FDRS maps-Forecast FDRS

-Preparation of FDRS outputs-Dissemination of outputs to users

-FDRS concepts training-Mission to Canada-Database/GIS training-Analysis of fire weather-Technical support

-Assist with decoding-Train FDRS operators-Database training-Technical support-Facilitate budget support from user agencies

-Output materials-Communications with user groups-Regional networking-Technical support-Build Link between fdrs membersabout FDRS dissemination

BAPEDAL

DEPHUT

PEMDA

Media, dll.

BMG central BMG central(electronic FDRS)

BMG local(manual/remote access)

FDR Development (1999-2002)

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FDR Development FDR Development in MoFin MoF

MoFr provided 29 Automatic Weather Station in Fire Brigades Offices in 8 fire prone provinces. Trained local staff to operate FDRS.

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FDR Development (1999FDR Development (1999--2002)2002)FDR Interpretations:

FINE FUEL MOISTURE CODE

CLASS FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FIRE SUPPRESSION DIFFICULTY

LOW Ignition is unlikely No control problems

MODERATE Creeping surface fires Fire can be controlled by direct attack with hand tools and water

HIGH Fast spreading or moderate to high intensity fire

Fire control requires power pumps and/or fire break construction (using mechanized line-building tools e.g., road construction equipment)

EXTREME Fast spreading or high intensity fire depending on BUI

Very difficult to control. Indirect attack using drip torches from control lines may work

DROUGHT CODE

CLASS FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FIRE SUPPRESSION DIFFICULTY

LOW Ground fires in peat lands are unlikely

No mop-up problems

MODERATE Persistent smoldering in peat is possible

Fires are difficult to mop-up and extinguish

HIGH Persistent smoldering Very difficult to control

EXTREME Deep and long-burning fires Fires extinguish only if they burn themselves out or by heavy rainfall

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FDR Development (1999FDR Development (1999--2000)2000)FDR Interpretations:

INITIAL SPREAD INDEX

CLASS FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FIRE SUPPRESSION DIFFICULTY

LOW Slow spreading fire Fire easily contained

MODERATE Moderate fire spread rate Fire can be contained by rapid, direct attack by fire crews

HIGH High fire spread rate Fire difficult to contain with fire crews. Indirect attack may be necessary

EXTREME Very high fire spread rate Fire may only be contained by indirect attack

FIRE WEATHER INDEX

CLASS FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FIRE SUPPRESSION DIFFICULTY

LOW Creeping surface fires No control problems unless fire is deep burning

MODERATE Surface fires may spread vigorously or with moderate fire intensity*

Fire can be controlled by direct attack with hand tools and water

HIGH Fast spreading or moderate to high intensity fire

Fire control requires power pumps and/or fire break construction using mechanized line-building tools

EXTREME Fast spreading or high intensity fire

Very difficult to control. Indirect attack using drip torches from control lines may work

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FDR Operation (2003 FDR Operation (2003 –– now)now)Information providers:– BMG (since February 2002) → weather station based,

spatial information– LAPAN (since 2005) → satellite remote sensing-based,

spatial information– MoF (since 2005) → Single weather station based-

XLFWI Calculation (29 Operation areas for 8 Provinces)

Users:– MoF– Ministry of Environment– Disaster Management Agency– ASEAN Secretariat– CARE Indonesia– Etc.

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Examples of Daily FDR (by BMG)Examples of Daily FDR (by BMG)

BMG

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Examples of daily FDR Prediction Examples of daily FDR Prediction –– BMGBMG

2D-POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION

3D-POLLUTANT TRAJECTORY 2D-POLLUTANT TRAJECTORY

DAY HOUR MINUTE

BMG

BMG

BMG

SOURCE :• R&D of BMG• CMAR-CSIRO

BMG

Time Interval(26 Feb 2008 – 02 Mar 2008)

Grid resolution(20 km , 20 km)Number of grid

75 (X-axis) x 75 (Y-axis) x 25 (Vertical)

Pollution TypeAPM (Air Particulate Matter)

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Examples of daily FDR (by LAPAN)Examples of daily FDR (by LAPAN)

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Examples of monthly FDR (by LAPAN)Examples of monthly FDR (by LAPAN)

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Using single station to calculate the local Fire Weather Index (FWI)

Examples of daily FDR (by Examples of daily FDR (by MoFMoF))

Main User : Forst Fire Main User : Forst Fire Brigades, MoFrBrigades, MoFr

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Early Warning InformationEarly Warning Information

Data

Information

Action

Analysis &Interpretation

-Fuel-Weather-Fire

Hot Spot

FDRS

Decision Making:

Analysis &Interpretation

-Risk (ignition)-Priority (impacts)-Timing (spread)-Resources (control)

-Fuel-Weather-Fire

FIRE WEATHER INDEX

CLASS

FIRE CHARACTERISTICS

FIRE SUPPRESSION DIFFICULTY

LOW Creeping surface fires

No control problems unless fire is deep burning

MODERATE

Surface fires may spread vigorously or with moderate fire intensity*

Fire can be controlled by direct attack with hand tools and water

HIGH Fast spreading or moderate to high intensity fire

Fire control requires power pumps and/or fire break construction using mechanized line-building tools

EXTREME

Fast spreading or high intensity fire

Very difficult to control. Indirect attack using drip torches from control lines may work

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Source: Daily news Paper“Kompas”

Early Warning InformationEarly Warning Information

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AdvantagesAdvantagesImproved monitoring information related to forest fireIncreased understanding of underlying causes of fireIncreased of Law enforcementIncreased investment by government & industryIncreased capacity at local levelsStabilization of local governmentIncreased community awareness & empowermentImproved information for decision maker supporting

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LimitationsLimitationsWeather stations distribution are not fully supported for land/forest fire monitoringDifficulty in keeping inputs for FDR consistent → technical problems such as weather data communication, data format, weather observation instrument, AWS sensors problem (MoF), etc.Need adjustment for fuel typePublic are not yet familiar with FDR informationLess support for law enforcement

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Closing RemarksClosing RemarksFDRS requires a consistent flow of weather dataSignificant effort required to address the database interface requirementsThe national meteorological service plays a key role in FDRS operationsFDR providers must work closely with fire management agencies to ensure useful outputsFDR user agencies should eventually augment meteorological data on seasonal basis and high fire risk areasFDR user agencies could also operationalize FDR information.

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