OperatingSystems (1)

7/24/2019 OperatingSystems (1)

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Operating SystemOperating SystemFundamentalsFundamentals

1.1. Components of an OSComponents of an OS

2.2. Functions of an OSFunctions of an OS

3.3. Types of OSTypes of OS

4.4. Command-line toolsCommand-line tools


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The Three Elements of an OSThe Three Elements of an OS

User Interface Te part of te OSUser Interface Te part of te OS

tat you interface !it.tat you interface !it.

"ernel Te core of te OS. Interacts"ernel Te core of te OS. Interacts!it te #IOS $at one end%& and te UI!it te #IOS $at one end%& and te UI

$at te oter end%.$at te oter end%.

File 'ana(ement System Or(ani)esFile 'ana(ement System Or(ani)es

and mana(es files.and mana(es files.


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Operating System FunctionsOperating System Functions

File 'ana(ementFile 'ana(ement

*pplication 'ana(ement*pplication 'ana(ement

#uilt-in Utility +ro(rams#uilt-in Utility +ro(rams

Control of Computer ,ard!areControl of Computer ,ard!are


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Operating System TypesOperating System Types

'ultiuser T!o or more users !or'ultiuser T!o or more users !or

!it te computer at te same time!it te computer at te same time

'ultitasin( T!o or more'ultitasin( T!o or moreprocesses runnin( at te same time.processes runnin( at te same time.

'ultitreadin( T!o or more parts'ultitreadin( T!o or more parts

of te same process runnin( at teof te same process runnin( at te

same time.same time.


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PC Operating SystemsPC Operating Systems

'icrosoft indo!s'icrosoft indo!s

'acIntos OS'acIntos OS /inu0/inu0


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MS Windows VersionsMS Windows Versions

,ome $on-+rofessional% ersions,ome $on-+rofessional% ersions

indo!s 5indo!s 5

indo!s 6indo!s 6

indo!s 'eindo!s 'e

+rofessional $#usiness% ersions+rofessional $#usiness% ersions

indo!s Tindo!s T

indo!s 2777indo!s 2777

Te T!o /ines Came To(eter inTe T!o /ines Came To(eter in

indo!s 8+ $2771%indo!s 8+ $2771%


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Dis Operating SystemDis Operating System

! DOS "! DOS " Te first +C Operatin( System $161%Te first +C Operatin( System $161%

ot a 'ultitasin( OS& only one pro(ramot a 'ultitasin( OS& only one pro(ram

could run at a timecould run at a time * command-line interface& no 9UI.* command-line interface& no 9UI.

:arly ;ersions of indo!s sat on top of


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File SystemFile System

** filefileis a collection of =ytes ofis a collection of =ytes of

information treated as a sin(le unit.information treated as a sin(le unit.

It is (i;en aIt is (i;en a

namename

to mae it easy toto mae it easy to

find and use later.find and use later.

TeTe file systemfile systemeeps trac of !ereeeps trac of !ere

a file is actually resident on a dis.a file is actually resident on a dis.

* dis $ard dis& floppy& optical* dis $ard dis& floppy& optical

dis% is su=di;ided intodis% is su=di;ided into directoriesdirectoriesoror

foldersfolders..


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File System !continued"File System !continued"

Te top le;el folder on a dis isTe top le;el folder on a dis isno!n as teno!n as te rootroot..

Te root is (enerally su=di;ided intoTe root is (enerally su=di;ided into

subfolderssubfolders.. *ny folder or su=folder can contain*ny folder or su=folder can contain

files and oter folders.files and oter folders.

TeTe fully-qualified filenamefully-qualified filenameincludesincludeste name of te file and tete name of te file and tepathpathtoto

te folder in !ic it resides>te folder in !ic it resides>

c>?courses?7@1?cit141?capter4.pptc>?courses?7@1?cit141?capter4.ppt


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Windows #egistered File TypesWindows #egistered File Types

* particular file e0tension can =e* particular file e0tension can =e

re(isteredre(isteredandand associatedassociated!it a particular!it a particular

pro(ram.pro(ram.

.doc0 files are associated !it 'S ord.doc0 files are associated !it 'S ord .0ls0 files are associated !it 'S :0cel.0ls0 files are associated !it 'S :0cel

.t0t files are associated !it otepad.t0t files are associated !it otepad

.tml files are associated !it I:.tml files are associated !it I:

Tis is o! indo!s no!s !at to doTis is o! indo!s no!s !at to do

!en you dou=le-clic a file in 'y!en you dou=le-clic a file in 'y

Computer.Computer.


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File $ttri%utesFile $ttri%utes

:ac file as four attri=utes !ic:ac file as four attri=utes !iccan =e ;ie!ed or set.can =e ;ie!ed or set.

Aead Only File may =e ;ie!ed& copied&Aead Only File may =e ;ie!ed& copied&

e0ecuted $if appropriate%& =ut note0ecuted $if appropriate%& =ut not

can(ed. It can =e deleted.can(ed. It can =e deleted.

,idden File !ill not =e displayed in,idden File !ill not =e displayed in

normal list of files.normal list of files.

System File is identified to =elon( toSystem File is identified to =elon( tosystem& sould not =e messed !it.system& sould not =e messed !it.

*rci;e File is $or is not% a candidate*rci;e File is $or is not% a candidate

for =acup.for =acup.


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DOS CommandsDOS Commands

T!o types Internal and :0ternalT!o types Internal and :0ternal

Internal commands are resident in teInternal commands are resident in te

main ernel file> command.com $ormain ernel file> command.com $or

cmd.e0e%cmd.e0e% :0ternal commands are separate little:0ternal commands are separate little

pro(rams.pro(rams.

ItBs important to learn


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The Command PromptThe Command Prompt

#y default& it reminds youof te current dri;e and tecurrent directory.


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Three Parts of a DOS CommandThree Parts of a DOS Command

0copy me c>?temp d>?temp

Commandame

S!itces +arameters


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DOS Wildcard CharactersDOS Wildcard Characters

Te caracters D and E can =e usedTe caracters D and E can =e usedto affect multiple files !it a sin(leto affect multiple files !it a sin(le

command.command.

Te D means any sin(le caracter.Te D means any sin(le caracter.

copy c>?temp?notesDD.doc d>?tempcopy c>?temp?notesDD.doc d>?temp

means copy any ord file tat =e(insmeans copy any ord file tat =e(ins!it te !ord notes !it e0actly t!o!it te !ord notes !it e0actly t!o

oter caracters& lie notes71.doc&oter caracters& lie notes71.doc&

notes*#.doc& etc.notes*#.doc& etc.


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DOS Wildcard CharactersDOS Wildcard Characters

Te E !ildcard replaces any num=er ofTe E !ildcard replaces any num=er of

caracters.caracters.

copy c>?temp?notes.E d>?tempcopy c>?temp?notes.E d>?temp$copy all files !it te name notes and$copy all files !it te name notes and

any e0tension.%any e0tension.%

copy E.doc c>?tempcopy E.doc c>?temp$copy all files !it a doc e0tension in$copy all files !it a doc e0tension in

te current directory.%te current directory.%


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$t the Command Prompt$t the Command Prompt

* dri;e letter and a > $e.(. f>%* dri;e letter and a > $e.(. f>%maes tat your current dri;e.maes tat your current dri;e.

C< $Can(e


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DOS CommandsDOS Commands

'< 'ae directory.'< 'ae directory. A< Aemo;e a directory or an entireA< Aemo;e a directory or an entire

directory tree.directory tree.


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More DOS CommandsMore DOS Commands

'O: 'o;es file$s% from one folder'O: 'o;es file$s% from one folderto anoter.to anoter.

A:$*':% Aenames file$s%.A:$*':% Aenames file$s%. *TTAI#


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OperatingSystems (1)