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OPERATIN
G
SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEMS
An operating system manages and coordinates the functions performed by the computer hardware and network equipment. It is the most important program that runs on a computer.
The primary purpose of an operating system is to maximize the productivity of a computer system by operating it in the most efficient manner and minimizing the amount of human intervention required.
What is an Operating System??
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating
system
Application
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Functions of an operating system
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Job management
Batch processing
On-Line Processing
Data Management
Virtual Storage
Input / Output Management
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Job ManagementJob management manages the jobs waiting to be processed. It recognizes jobs, identifies their priorities, determines the availability of the main memory and secondary storage capability, schedules jobs and finally runs each job at the appropriate moment.
Batch ProcessingSystem software is available to support the different methods of processing a job. With batch processing, the
OPERATING SYSTEMS
most basic , data are accumulated and processed in groups.
On-line processingIn on-line processing, data are processed
instantaneously. Most of the on-line operating systems have multi-user and multitasking capabilities.
Data Management
OPERATING SYSTEMS
In the process of managing the resources of the computer system, operating system also manages the storage and retrieval of data. As the system software handles many of the details associated with this process, such details are not a primary concern for users or programmers writing application programs.
Virtual StorageOperating system also manages the allocation of main memory to specific jobs. Some operating systems have a feature called virtual storage, by which it is possible
OPERATING SYSTEMS
to increase the capacity of the main memory without actually increasing its size.
Input / Output ManagementOperating system also manages the input and output for a computer system. This applies to the flow of data among computers, terminals and other devices such as printers. Application programs use the operating system extensively to handle input and output devices as needed.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating systems vary in complexity from those systems which support single user microcomputers compared to those that handle multi-user mainframes.
Many operating systems are designed as a collection of program modules, which can be organized in combination with various
More about operating systems……
OPERATING SYSTEMS
capabilities around a central module, or kernel. bridge between the applications and the actual
data processing done at the hardware level.
Such operating systems can be tailored to fit the processing power and memory capability of a computer system and the type of processing jobs that need to be done on it.
A SIMPLE
KERNEL…
…
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Evolution of
operating
systems…
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Microsoft Disk operating system is a non-graphical command line operating system.
It was created for IBM compatible computers that was first introduced by Microsoft in August 1981 and was last updated in1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released.
MS-DOS(1981)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Macintosh System 1(1984) The first Macintosh was introduced on
January 24, 1984
It was the first OS to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface rather than a command line interface.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It was Microsoft’s first attempt to implement a multi tasking GUI based operating system.
Windows 1.0 was the first version of Windows launched. It was initially sold for 100 USD.
Microsoft Windows 1.0 (1985)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
The first Windows versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel ran on Windows 2.0.
Microsoft Windows 2.0 (1987)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Apple claimed the “look and feel" of the Macintosh OS, taken as a whole, was protected by copyright and that Windows 2.0 violated this copyright by having the same icons.
DO YOU KNOW.....
Apple suing Microsoft… (1988)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 3.0 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows.
It became the first widely successful version of Windows and a rival to Apple Macintosh on the GUI front.
Microsoft Windows 3.0 (1990)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It is a single user GUI based OS for Macintosh computers.
Features added with the System 7 release included virtual memory, personal file sharing, QuickTime, QuickDraw 3D, and an improved user interface.
Mac OS 7 (1990)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It included File Manager , Program Manager and minesweeper.
More than 1 million copies were sold within the first 2 months of release.
Microsoft Windows 3.1 (1992)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It features significant improvements over its predecessor most notably in the GUI and in its simplified "plug-n-play" features.
More than 1 million copies were sold within the first 4 days of release.
Microsoft Windows 95 (1995)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It puts more emphasis on color than previous operating systems.
Mac OS 8 is one of Apple's most successful software releases, selling over 1.2 million copies in the first two weeks.
Mac OS 8 (1997)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Some of the added features were support for WDM audio, more complete USB support, DVD support.
Microsoft Windows 98 (1998)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Mac OS X introduced a totally new system of memory management.
It proved to be a rocky start to the Mac OS X line, with missing features and performance issues.
Mac OS X 10.0 (2001)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Currently one of the most popular versions of Windows.
The most common editions of the OS are Windows XP Home Edition, which is targeted at home users, and Windows XP Professional.
Microsoft Windows XP (2001)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website.
Windows Vista contains many changes and features, including an updated GUI and visual style dubbed Aero, a redesigned search function and multimedia tools.
Microsoft Windows Vista (2006)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
It advances in touch and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, improved performance on multi core processors, improved boot performance.
The taskbar has seen the biggest visual changes.
Microsoft Windows 7 (2009)
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Multi-user : Multi-user operating systems allow two or more users to run programs at the same time. The operating systems of mainframes and minicomputer are multi-user systems.
Multi-processing : This refers to a computer system’s ability to support more than one process at the same time. For example- MVS, UNIX
CLASSIFICATION OF
OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Multitasking : This allows more than one program to run concurrently. In Multitasking only one CPU is involved but it switches from one program to another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all of the programs at the same time.
Multithreading : This allows different
parts of a single program to run concurrently. Multithreading is generally done in Java programming. Different parts of the program are known as threads.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Real-time : These are the systems that respond to input immediately. This category includes operating systems designed substantially for the purpose of controlling and monitoring external activities with timing constraints.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
By: Akanksha Aggarwal
Roll Number : 6Batch Timings : 4:00 pm to 8:00 pmSection : CCentre : Vikas Plaza, Rohini, Sector- 8