10/19/2016

1

Operating at Zero and Delivering ValueThe Bullitt Center Three Years Later

October 13, 2016NBI Getting to Zero National Forum

Christopher Meek, AIA, Assoc. Prof., UW IDLJim Hanford, AIA, Principal, Miller Hull Justin Stenkamp, PE, LEED AP, PAE

10/19/2016

2

10/19/2016

3

Bullitt Center | Sections

10/19/2016

4

Net Zero (+)

United States Photovoltaic Solar Resource:

Flat plate tilted at latitude

10/19/2016

5

determining theCARRYING CAPACITY of the site:

─ solar harvest 230,000 kWh/year

─ gross building area 52,000 gsf

─ Energy Use Index (EUI)16

Net Zero Energy

10/19/2016

6

Bullitt Center | Energy Systems

Project Performance Timeline

RPI 16

EUI 10

RPI 16

EUI 12

10/19/2016

7

END USE PROFILES

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

kWh/

mon

th

Bullitt End Use Consumption Profiles

Plug load Plumbing/FLS Lighting Load IT/Server HVAC Elevator

PLUGS

LIGHTS

Bullitt End Use Consumption Profiles

HVAC

10/19/2016

8

FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Land $3,380,000

Hard Costs $23,360,000

Pre-Construction $450,000

Construction $18,160,000 (350/sf)

Owners Direct $2,940,000

Sales Tax $1,810,000

Soft Costs $5,290,000

Architecture & Engineering $2,550,000

Permits & Municipal Fees $320,000

Utility Expenses $600,000

Other $1,680,000

Finance Costs $470,000

TOTAL COST $32,500,000

Financial Considerations

Project Costs

Window Systems

10/19/2016

9

This image cannot currently be displayed.

WINDOW PHOTO

18

10/19/2016

10

Winodw slides here

Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL

Window Operations - Annual

Blue: ClosedYellow: Open

80 F

55 F

WINDOW OPERATIONS

Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL

Window Operations - Summer

10/19/2016

11

WINDOW OPERATIONS

Diagram: Dylan Davis/UW IDL

Window Operations – Swing Season

LBC Beauty and Spirit Survey Results

10/19/2016

12

Building Systems + Performance

10/19/2016

13

Architect: Miller|Hull

Bullitt Center

HVAC System Overview

10/19/2016

14

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Elec

tric

Con

sum

pti

on

, kW

h

SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCLPV Used by Bullitt Savings over Baseline

2013 2014 2015 2016

Bullitt Center Performance

Predicted vs. Actual

10/19/2016

15

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y (K

BTU

/SF)

Plug Loads HVAC LightsIT Dom. Water ElevatorModeled Plug Loads Modeled HVAC Modeled LightsModeled IT Modeled Dom. Water Modeled Elevator

July2015

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Jan.2016

Feb.2016

March2016

April2016

May2016

June2016

Bullitt Center Performance

Modeled and Actual

Bullitt Center Performance

Modeled and Actual

10/19/2016

16

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion

(kW

h)

ACTUAL Energy Production PREDICTED Energy Production

Bullitt Center Energy

PV Array

Thermal Comfort Theory

10/19/2016

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

12:01:00 AM

3:11:00 AM

6:21:00 AM

9:31:00 AM

12:41:00 PM

3:51:00 PM

7:01:00 PM

10:11:00 PM

1:21:00 AM

4:31:00 AM

7:41:00 AM

10:51:00 AM

2:01:00 PM

5:11:00 PM

8:21:00 PM

11:31:00 PM

2:41:00 AM

5:51:00 AM

9:01:00 AM

12:11:00 PM

3:21:00 PM

6:31:00 PM

9:41:00 PM

12:51:00 AM

4:01:00 AM

7:11:00 AM

10:21:00 AM

1:31:00 PM

4:41:00 PM

7:51:00 PM

11:01:00 PM

2:11:00 AM

5:21:00 AM

8:31:00 AM

11:41:00 AM

2:51:00 PM

6:01:00 PM

9:11:00 PM

12:21:00 AM

3:31:00 AM

6:41:00 AM

9:51:00 AM

1:01:00 PM

4:11:00 PM

7:21:00 PM

10:31:00 PM

1:41:00 AM

4:51:00 AM

8:01:00 AM

11:11:00 AM

2:21:00 PM

5:31:00 PM

8:41:00 PM

11:51:00 PM

South Zone Summer Temperature Profile

ZONE 1 SLAB TEMPERATURE ZONE 1 SPACE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE

Performance

Thermal Comfort

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

12:03:00 AM

3:13:00 AM

6:23:00 AM

9:33:00 AM

12:43:00 PM

3:53:00 PM

7:03:00 PM

10:13:00 PM

1:23:00 AM

4:33:00 AM

7:43:00 AM

10:53:00 AM

2:03:00 PM

5:13:00 PM

8:23:00 PM

11:33:00 PM

2:43:00 AM

5:53:00 AM

9:03:00 AM

12:13:00 PM

3:23:00 PM

6:33:00 PM

9:43:00 PM

12:53:00 AM

4:03:00 AM

7:13:00 AM

10:23:00 AM

1:33:00 PM

4:43:00 PM

7:53:00 PM

11:03:00 PM

2:14:00 AM

5:24:00 AM

8:33:00 AM

11:43:00 AM

2:54:00 PM

6:04:00 PM

9:14:00 PM

12:24:00 AM

3:34:00 AM

6:44:00 AM

9:54:00 AM

1:04:00 PM

4:14:00 PM

7:24:00 PM

10:34:00 PM

1:44:00 AM

4:54:00 AM

8:04:00 AM

11:14:00 AM

2:24:00 PM

5:34:00 PM

8:44:00 PM

11:54:00 PM

North Zone Shoulder Temperature Profile

ZONE 1 SLAB TEMPERATURE ZONE 1 SPACE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE

Performance

Thermal Comfort

10/19/2016

18

Post Occupancy Adjustments

10/19/2016

19

Living in a Living Building

Issues

Living in a Living Building

Solutions

10/19/2016

20

Monitoring

10/19/2016

21

Tenant Perspective

Diagram: The Miller Hull Partnership

10/19/2016

22

© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2016

Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings

EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yrPlug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr

Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy

(SEC, 2009)

*This is based on modeling done in 2009 – The wattage appears to be dropping somewhat due to adoption of more laptop computers and cloud computing.

© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2016

Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings

EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yrPlug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr

Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy

(SEC, 2009)

Bullitt Center Modeled (Operating 2015)EUI ~16 kBtu/ft²-yr (Now operating ~10 kBtu/ft²-yr)Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kBtu/ft²-yr- with controls

*If plug load reduction performance is not persistentover time the project will not meet net-zero operation.

10/19/2016

23

Green Lease at Bullitt Center

UW Leased Area: 7950 ft²Annual Energy budget: 5452 kWh

Plug Load Energy Allocation Density: 0.69 kWh/ft²-yrPlug Load “Density” @ 1300* hrs: 0.53 W/ft² (whole building)

@ 150 ft²/person: ~80 W/workstation (average operating W)

* 1300 hours of estimated operation time per year per workstation

Many provisions…Includes tenant energy budget apportioned by square footage of leased area.

10/19/2016

24

Monitors Computer

2 – 20” CCFL-LCD 1 - Desktop@ 75 Watts each @ 100 Watts

2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Desktop@ 40 Watts each @ 80 Watts160

watts

2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Laptop@ 14 Watts each @ 35-62 Watts~75

watts

typical

good (2009)

better

250 watts

Graphic: PAE Engineering

Work Station Efficiencies

Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL

Web-based Real Time Plug Load Data Collection, Scheduling, and Reporting at Each Receptacle.

Comprehensive Plug Load/Task Lighting Management

10/19/2016

25

Approx. 120 FTEJanuary 2015

Approx. 170 FTEDecember 2015

Plug Load Energy 2015

Plug Loads by Occupancy

Hourly Data Occupied/Unoccupied

10/19/2016

26

Physical and situational cues activate + support values

Communicating a Culture of Conservation

Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions: Cue: Solar Array Action: Energy Conservation

http://www.bullittcenter.org/

Tenant Engagement

10/19/2016

27

Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions: Cue: Bike parking, showers, lockers Action: Transportation + Healthy Exercise

http://www.bullittcenter.org/

Tenant Engagement

Tenant Engagement

Encouraging Pro-environmental Actions:

Value: BiosphericCue: Light Filled Stair at Main

Entry (no elevator lobby to be seen)

Action: Energy Use + Healthy Exercise + Views of the Sound

10/19/2016

28

UW Integrated Design Lab

http://www.cidseattle.com/idl/http://www.aia.org

Monetizing Efficiency

10/19/2016

29

1. Tenants pay for Baseline

2. Measure the saved energy with a meter

3. Buy and sell it through PPA just like generation

MEETS Concept

Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05‐09‐2014

DeltaMeter®

MEETS Concept

Metered Energy Efficiency Transaction Structure

“Negawatts”

10/19/2016

30

Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05‐09‐2014

MEETS Benefits

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 30 60 100

Cos

t (M

illio

ns)

Time (Years)

$10 $13$23 $19

$63

$20

$350

$21

Average Building

Net Zero Building

Financial Considerations

Challenges – Net Present Cost

10/19/2016

31

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Elec

tric

Con

sum

pti

on

, kW

h

SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCLPV Used by Bullitt Savings over Baseline

2013 2014 2015 2016

Bullitt Center Performance

Predicted vs. Actual

Jim Hanford, AIA, PrincipalThe Miller Hull Partnershipjhanford@millerhull.com

Justin Stenkamp, PEPAE Consulting EngineersJustin.stenkamp@pae-engineers.com

Christopher Meek, AIA, IESAssociate Professor + DirectorIntegrated Design LabUniversity of Washingtoncmeek@uw.edu

THANK YOU!