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OPERANT OPERANT CONDITIONING CONDITIONING

OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

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Responses which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be…more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed b discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal,…be less likely to occur. (Thorndike, 1911)

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Page 1: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

OPERANT OPERANT CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING

Page 2: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

Responses become more or less likely Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the to occur depending on the

________________________________________________________

EDWARD THORNDIKE’S EDWARD THORNDIKE’S LAW OF LAW OF EFFECTEFFECT

Page 3: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

Responses which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be…more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed b discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal,…be less likely to occur. (Thorndike, 1911)

Page 4: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

OPERANT CONDITIONINGOPERANT CONDITIONING Cat in the boxCat in the box Food outside the boxFood outside the box Cat must activate a rope pulley to open Cat must activate a rope pulley to open

the boxthe box

Each time, theEach time, thecat got out a cat got out a little fasterlittle faster

Page 5: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

2 Essential Elements to Operant 2 Essential Elements to Operant ConditioningConditioning

1) 1) OPERANT RESPONSEOPERANT RESPONSE: : the method the method of how one reacts to a situationof how one reacts to a situation

2) 2) CONSEQUENCECONSEQUENCE::► ► Follows a behavior Follows a behavior –– increases or decreases increases or decreases the behaviorthe behavior

Best if used:Best if used: Immediately Immediately

Page 6: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

REINFORCERSREINFORCERS

______________________________the likelihood of the likelihood of

the the behaviorbehavior

Page 7: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

PUNISHERSPUNISHERS

______________________________the likelihood of the likelihood of

the the behaviorbehavior

Page 8: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

IMPORTANT!!!IMPORTANT!!!

REINFORCERREINFORCER PUNISHERPUNISHER Used to Used to

STAMPSTAMP ININ

a behavior!!!a behavior!!!

Used to Used to

STAMP STAMP OUT OUT

a behavior!!!a behavior!!!

Page 9: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

Reinforcement = _________________Reinforcement = _________________

Can be either Can be either

POSITIVE POSITIVE oror NEGATIVENEGATIVE

Page 10: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

WARNING!!!WARNING!!!Do NOT think of them as GOOD and BADDo NOT think of them as GOOD and BAD

ADDINGADDINGSUBTRACTINGSUBTRACTING

Page 11: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTPOSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

______________ something _______________________ something _________to encourage a behaviorto encourage a behavior

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Page 12: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTPOSITIVE REINFORCEMENT QUICKLY…QUICKLY…

Turn to your neighbor and Turn to your neighbor and brainstorm 2 other examples of brainstorm 2 other examples of POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT!POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT!

Page 13: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTNEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

______________ something _______________________ something _________to encourage a behaviorto encourage a behavior

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

Page 14: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTNEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT QUICKLY…QUICKLY…

Turn to your neighbor and Turn to your neighbor and brainstorm 2 other examples of brainstorm 2 other examples of NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT!NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT!

Page 15: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

POSITIVE & NEGATIVEPOSITIVE & NEGATIVEREINFORCEMENTREINFORCEMENT

______________________________________A BEHAVIOR!!!A BEHAVIOR!!!

Page 16: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

______________ something _______________________ something _________

OROR______________ something _______________________ something _________

Page 17: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT QUICKLY…QUICKLY…

Turn to your neighbor and Turn to your neighbor and brainstorm 2 other examples of brainstorm 2 other examples of

PUNISHMENT!PUNISHMENT!

One for adding something bad, One for adding something bad, another for removing something another for removing something

goodgood

Page 18: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT

PUNISHMENT ALWAYSPUNISHMENT ALWAYS

____________________________________A BEHAVIOR!!!A BEHAVIOR!!!

Page 19: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

EFFECTIVE PUNISHMENT IS:EFFECTIVE PUNISHMENT IS: ___________: should occur ___________: should occur

IMMEDIATELY!IMMEDIATELY!

___________: effective but not cruel___________: effective but not cruel

___________: consistent punishment ___________: consistent punishment for consistent deviant for consistent deviant

behavior.behavior.

Page 20: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

PUNISHMENT DRAWBACKS:PUNISHMENT DRAWBACKS:“The 4 R’s of Punishment” “The 4 R’s of Punishment”

1) RESENTMENT: 1) RESENTMENT: “This is unfair…I don’t “This is unfair…I don’t trust authority”trust authority”

2) REVENGE: 2) REVENGE: “They are winning now, but “They are winning now, but I’ll get even!”I’ll get even!”

3) REBELLION: 3) REBELLION: “I’ll do the opposite just to “I’ll do the opposite just to prove I don’t have to do it your way”prove I don’t have to do it your way”

4) RETREAT: 4) RETREAT: Sneakiness – Sneakiness – “I won’t get “I won’t get caught next time!”caught next time!”Low Self-Esteem – Low Self-Esteem – “I’m a bad“I’m a badperson”person”

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Page 23: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 24: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 25: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 26: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 27: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 28: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________
Page 29: OPERANT CONDITIONING. Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the Responses become more or less likely to occur depending on the____________________________

fargoscience.orgfargoscience.org/file/view/Chapter 53 Student Version... · Web viewMost likely to occur b/w _____ populations of species with similar ecological niches _____ There

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