Opening Questions:

1. When you think of the word FAT what do you think of ?

2. What happens to water on a duck’s back?3. Why?

Opening Question Answers

•2. Water rolls of their backs….

• 3. The reason is that they have glands filled with oil on their tails…• As they clean themselves oil is

transferred to their feathers

•What do we know about oil and water?• They DO NOT mix • So the oil acts as a repellent or

barrier to the water.

Learning Outcomes

• 1. Summarize the categories of • lipids• 2. Provide examples of their

biological functions

A. Lipids• 1. All Lipids have 2 characteristics

in common:• a. They are insoluble in water

because they contain nonpolar hydrocarbon chains• b. They have hydrophobic

functional groups•Water fearing

• 2. Lipids make up molecules such as:• a. Fat ---- • Bacon, lard and butter• b. oils ---• corn oil, olive oil….

• 3. Lipids have two primary functions for the body:• a. Long term energy use---• b. Insulation

*B. Fats and Oils---Long term energy

storage*1. Fats and oils contain two subunit molecules (monomers)

*a.GLYCEROL---MAIN TYPE

*1. contains three OH- groups

*2. These groups are polar

*3. They are soluble in water

*b. Fatty acids---MAIN TYPE

*1. Only contains carbons and hydrogen (nonpolar)

*2. Also has a carboxyl group attached at one end.

*(Insoluble)

1. Fats and/or oils form when a carboxyl group of THREE fatty acids reacts with a OH group of a glycerol.

2. As a result a fat molecule is made as well as three water molecules.

C. Formation of Fats and Oils

a. when WATER is created during a reaction remember this is called a dehydration synthesis reaction (Condensation Rxn)b. The fat or oil that forms is called a TRIGLYCERIDE:COMPLEX LIPID

1. during the process remember 3 fatty acids attach to 1 glycerol molecule

2. Triglycerides can store a lot of energy

3. Thus the long term energy storage

D. FATTY ACIDS1. Most fatty acid

molecules contain 16-18 carbon molecules

2. Fatty acids are categorized 2 ways:a. unsaturated b. saturated

E. Difference between Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acid

1. Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between some hydrogen and carbon molecules

2. Because of this they stay liquid at room temperature…Example: Oils

Unsaturated Fat

1. Saturated fatty acids contain NO double bonds between some hydrogen and carbon molecules

2. Because of this they stay solid at room temperature…

Example: Butter

Saturated Fat

E. TRANS FATS1. These are formed when

hydrogen molecules are added to fatty acids to make them more saturated. (solid at room temp.)

2. Because of this… trans fats and saturated fats build up as plaque in your blood vessels.

3. Plaque causes blood flow to slow and ultimately causes heart disease.4. Unsaturated fats stay liquid at room temperature so they do not build up in the blood vessels

Trans fats-----Saturated Fats are BAD for you.

Unsaturated fats are good for you.

F. Phospholipid MoleculesCOMPLEX LIPID1. Very unique

molecule2. Main component of

the cell membrane3. Discuss in the next

chapter

G. WaxesCOMPLEX LIPID1. A wax molecule is made up of a long chain of fatty acid

ANDA long alcohol chain2. Waxes are highly water proof

a. This characteristic allows them to be good for protecting organisms.

b. EXAMPLESEarwax to keep microorganisms outLeaves have a wax cuticle to keep moisture in.

Steroids are very UNIQUE LIPID because they have a carbon skeleton made of four fused rings.

H. Steroids

2. They do not contain fatty acids3. But like other lipids…they are insoluble in water.

a. Types of steroids1. Cholesterol: main

component of animal cell membranes2. Male hormones (testosterone)3. Female hormones (estrogen)

b. Anabolic steroids are synthetically made steroids

{

WARNING:They may built muscle Internal Organs have a hard

time breaking them down (unnatural)

So they destroy our internal organs

Liver…kidneys…

Wrap it up…

1. Lipids are used for long term energy and insulation.

2. Types are:a. Fatsb. Oilsc. Waxesd. Steroids

3. There are two main tyoes of lipids: a. Glycerol b. Fatty Acids4. There are three categories of Complex Lipidsa. Trigycerides b. Phospholipidsc. Waxes5. The most unique lipids are Steroids