Open Source Open Source SoftwareSoftware

Bangladesh University of Business and Bangladesh University of Business and TechnologyTechnology

Nizar Saadi Dahir

M.Sc. Computer Engineering

Computer Center- Kufa University

nizarsd@it.kuiraq.com

Group memberZahaid Mahmood id:41Naim hossain

What Software is Needed?What Software is Needed?

►Operating Systems Operating Systems ►Application SoftwareApplication Software►Software Development ToolsSoftware Development Tools►Web servicesWeb services►Database Servers and RDBMS’sDatabase Servers and RDBMS’s

What is open-source software What is open-source software (OSS)?(OSS)?

► Software comes in the form of compiled Software comes in the form of compiled code (binaries), and the human-readable code (binaries), and the human-readable source code from which these binaries are source code from which these binaries are compiled. Open-source software is software compiled. Open-source software is software whereby the software is distributed in the whereby the software is distributed in the form of binaries as well as source code. form of binaries as well as source code.

► The distributor cannot restrict any party The distributor cannot restrict any party from redistributing the software, nor can from redistributing the software, nor can any party be restricted from making any party be restricted from making modifications or making derivative works modifications or making derivative works based on the source code.based on the source code.

What is open-source software (OSS)? What is open-source software (OSS)? (continued)(continued)

►Open Source Software (OSS)  is an Open Source Software (OSS)  is an example of a second order Internet effect. example of a second order Internet effect.

►The first order was commercialization The first order was commercialization through buying and selling (e.g., Amazon through buying and selling (e.g., Amazon and eBay).and eBay).

►The second order is based on collaboration The second order is based on collaboration and information sharing (e.g., Facebook) and information sharing (e.g., Facebook)

►Programmers throughout the world can be Programmers throughout the world can be engaged in software development. engaged in software development.

What open-source software is What open-source software is available? available? ► Multi-user Networked Operating SystemsMulti-user Networked Operating Systemso Linux :The most popular OSS operating system on the planet Linux :The most popular OSS operating system on the planet

http://www.linux.org► Internet/intranet Services and ApplicationsInternet/intranet Services and Applicationso Apache web server - Accounts for over 60% of the web servers on Apache web server - Accounts for over 60% of the web servers on

the Internet the Internet http://www.apache.orgo BIND name server - The software that provides the DNS (domain BIND name server - The software that provides the DNS (domain

name service). Many of the root name servers as well as the name service). Many of the root name servers as well as the Internet backbone network ISPs use BIND Internet backbone network ISPs use BIND http://www.isc.org/products/BIND/

o Sendmail mail (Exchange server) - The most widely used email Sendmail mail (Exchange server) - The most widely used email transport software on the Internet transport software on the Internet http://www.sendmail.org

What open-source software is available? (continued) What open-source software is available? (continued)

► Software DevelopmentSoftware Development o GCC - The compiler for C, C++, Fortran, Java, that GCC - The compiler for C, C++, Fortran, Java, that

comes standard with all the major OSS operating comes standard with all the major OSS operating systems systems http://gcc.gnu.org/

o JBOSS - A popular open-source implementation of JBOSS - A popular open-source implementation of J2EE J2EE http://www.jboss.org

o Perl - A very popular language widely used in scripts Perl - A very popular language widely used in scripts to drive `live content’ on the World Wide Web to drive `live content’ on the World Wide Web http://www.perl.orghttp://www.perl.org

o PHP - A very popular scripting language for PHP - A very popular scripting language for interactive web development and applications interactive web development and applications http://www.php.nethttp://www.php.net

o Python - A popular object-oriented scripting language Python - A popular object-oriented scripting language for web and desktop development for web and desktop development http://www.python.orghttp://www.python.org

► Database SystemsDatabase Systemso MySQL - A very popular open-source RDBMS MySQL - A very popular open-source RDBMS

http://www.mysql.comhttp://www.mysql.como PostgreSQL - A popular open-source RDBMS with PostgreSQL - A popular open-source RDBMS with

many advanced features http://www.postgresql.orgmany advanced features http://www.postgresql.org► Desktop ApplicationsDesktop Applicationso OpenOffice.org - An integrated office suite featuring OpenOffice.org - An integrated office suite featuring

word-processing, spreadsheet, drawing and word-processing, spreadsheet, drawing and presentation software largely compatible with presentation software largely compatible with Microsoft Office http://www.openoffice.orgMicrosoft Office http://www.openoffice.org

o Ximian Evolution - A GUI desktop application for Ximian Evolution - A GUI desktop application for personal email, calendar and diary having similar personal email, calendar and diary having similar look and feel with Microsoft Outlook look and feel with Microsoft Outlook http://www.ximian.orghttp://www.ximian.org

o Mozilla - The open-source evolution of the popular Mozilla - The open-source evolution of the popular Netscape web browser http://www.mozilla.orgNetscape web browser http://www.mozilla.org

What open-source software is available? (continued) What open-source software is available? (continued)

Open Source Software licensing Open Source Software licensing and copyrightand copyright

► The two most common types of OSS licensing The two most common types of OSS licensing are:are:

o BSD Style: this category of license allows one BSD Style: this category of license allows one to take an open-source software and to take an open-source software and redistribute it with or without modifications as redistribute it with or without modifications as proprietary software. (e.g. proprietary software. (e.g. Apache, BIND Apache, BIND ))

o GNU GPL General Public License : It is a GNU GPL General Public License : It is a license that requires that the product derived license that requires that the product derived from the original open-source software must from the original open-source software must also be distributed under the same licensing also be distributed under the same licensing regime as the original. Thus it cannot be regime as the original. Thus it cannot be turned into a closed-source product. (e.g. turned into a closed-source product. (e.g. Linux)Linux)

o http://www.opensource.org for more detailshttp://www.opensource.org for more details

Can We Count On OSS?Can We Count On OSS?

►OSS is developed and/or maintained by OSS is developed and/or maintained by volunteer programmers so is a single party volunteer programmers so is a single party fully accountable for it ?fully accountable for it ?

► Yes, For Common open source project we Yes, For Common open source project we find a non-profit foundations or normal find a non-profit foundations or normal businesses supporting the software businesses supporting the software

► For example, Apache is supported through For example, Apache is supported through the Apache Software Foundation and Red the Apache Software Foundation and Red Hat Linux is supported and maintained by Hat Linux is supported and maintained by Red Hat Corporation Red Hat Corporation

Can We Get Support On OSS?Can We Get Support On OSS?

► The most frequently cited reasons against The most frequently cited reasons against using OSS in corporations is the lack of using OSS in corporations is the lack of support.support.

► In Propriety CSS we can relay on the vendor In Propriety CSS we can relay on the vendor for support.for support.

► But, There exists professional companies But, There exists professional companies providing service and support for open-source providing service and support for open-source (e.g.Red Hat for Linux, Zend for PHP, and (e.g.Red Hat for Linux, Zend for PHP, and recently Sun Microsystems for MySQL)recently Sun Microsystems for MySQL)

► The Internet is another great source of The Internet is another great source of informal support that is efficient (Newsgroups, informal support that is efficient (Newsgroups, FAQ’s and HOW-TO documents). FAQ’s and HOW-TO documents).

Is OSS secure?Is OSS secure?

► A common charge against open source is A common charge against open source is that it is inherently insecure because as the that it is inherently insecure because as the source code is readily available.source code is readily available.

► But, it also enables anyone who wishes, But, it also enables anyone who wishes, solve the weaknesses in the design and solve the weaknesses in the design and coding to discovering the vulnerabilities coding to discovering the vulnerabilities before the attackers and making the before the attackers and making the software more secure.software more secure.

► Reporting of bugs and vulnerabilities by Reporting of bugs and vulnerabilities by users can be treated much sooner than CSS.users can be treated much sooner than CSS.

► They can do that without the a permission They can do that without the a permission (which is not possible with Proprietary CSS). (which is not possible with Proprietary CSS).

THANK YOU THANK YOU