Open source hardware in chemical analysis:

Tools or toys?

Guillaume Erny

Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, LEPABE

1. COST ACTION - EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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COST ACTIONS

“European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) is the longest-running European framework for research and innovation. For over 45 years, we have offered European researchers and innovators, a simple and flexible pathway to take part in the best science and technology network in Europe and across the world.”. COST is financed by H2020.https://www.cost.eu/who-we-are/

➢ 23 of November 1971: Official entry into force of COST

➢ 1973: 19 Member countries, 5 COST Actions running

➢ 1980: 28 COST Actions running

➢ 1995: 27 Member countries, 117 COST Actions running

➢ 2005: 170 COST Actions running

➢ 2018: 38 Member countries with more than 300 Actions running

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WHAT ARE COST ACTIONS?

A COST Action is a network dedicated to scientific collaboration, complementing national research funds. COST Actions are:

➢ open to researchers and innovators;➢ collaborating in a field of science and technology;➢ based on a joint work programme lasting four years.

A COST Action is open to all:➢ science and technology fields;➢ institutions (academia, public institutions, SME/industry, NGO,

European/internationals organisations, etc.);➢ career stages;➢ COST Member countries

A COST Action is organised by a range of networking tools, with funding covering the costof COST Action networking tools. The average COST Action support is EUR 130.000 perannum. COST Actions can pave the way to or establish synergies with EU-funded researchprojects. Collaboration within research projects often leads to new Actions.You can browse through all the running COST Actions (/cost-actions/browse-actions/)

https://www.cost.eu/cost-actions/

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COST MISSION

Core Group, Management

Commitee, and Members

Networking Instruments

Objectives and deliverables

A COST Action funded by theCOST Association

The COST Association funded by EU research framework programmes (FP6, FP7, H2020)

Promoting and spreading excellence

Fostering interdisciplinary research for breakthrough science

Empowering and retaining young researchers and innovators

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COST NETWORK

38 COST countriesAlbania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,Malta, The Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, TheNetherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,The United Kingdom and The Republic of NorthMacedonia.

1 Cooperating StateIsrael.

COST Near Neighbour CountriesAlgeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia,Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, The PalestinianAuthority, Russia, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine.

+ INTERNATIONAL PARTNER COUNTRIES (IPC)

2. PORTASAP – CA 16215EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR THE PROMOTION OF

PORTABLE, AFFORDABLE AND SIMPLE ANALYTICAL

PLATFORMS

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THE NEED FOR PORTABLE, AFFORDABLE AND SIMPLE

ANALYTICAL PLATFORMSU

rgen

t ne

ed

for affo

rdab

le alte

rnative

s

Recurrent food scandals in EU(Fipronil - <30 Million eggscontaminated in EU, Guardian2017)

The World Health Organizationestimates that 3.575 millionpeople die from water-relateddiseases a year (WHO, 2010)

10% of Drugs in DevelopingNations are Counterfeit, , leadingto tens of thousands of deaths(WHO, 2017)

AND YET

Majo

rSu

ccess th

anks to

bette

r instru

me

nts

Biomarkers discovery anduntargeted analysis withthousands of samples

Trace analysis inenvironmental and forensicsciences thanks toLC/GC/CE-MS

Detection of life inexoplanets by CE

Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 1329 – 1337.

In vivo monitoring ofbiological events by microdialysis.

J. Chrom A 2015, 1382. 48-64

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THE GOALS AND THE NETWORK OF THE PORTASAP CA

Challenge: Develop and promote low-cost instruments and open-source hardware (OSHW) capable of sensitive chemical analysis in specific areas and applications where the use of complex laboratory-based instrumentation is not the desired option.

Network:➢ 30 COST Countries, 1 Near Neighbour Country (Belarus)➢ 11 Core members, 48 Management committee members ➢ 200 members in total with highly multidisciplinary expertise

Activities:➢ 1st PortASAP meeting, Porto, March 2018➢ Workshop – Build you own capillary instrument, Brno, October 2018➢ 2nd PortASAP meeting and Workshop – Hands-on on Arduino for air and

water analysis, Varazdin, February 2019➢ Training School (Hackathon) – DIY spectrometers for wine analysis,

Aveiro, March 2019➢ Training School – Current and future Air Pollution management –

Perspectives on new sensor technologies, Thessaloniki, September 2019➢ 3rd PortASAP meeting and Workshop – Sample preparation and

microfluidic, Chania, March 2020

➢ 16 Short Term Scientific Missions

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FIVE + ONE WORKING GROUPS (WG)

WG4. Sample Treatment and Microfluidic

WG1. Validation and dissemination of Open Source Hardware

WG5. New Instrumentation

WG6. Exploitation of Results

WG2. Information and Communication Technology and Software Development

WG3. Field Tests and Applications

✓ Labware✓ Open Source CE✓ Smartphone based

spectrometer✓ Electrochemistry

✓ Software, apps and databases✓ Machine learning✓ Chemometrics and

mathematical separation

✓ Origami-inspired paper sensor

✓ Sensors✓ Low-cost Raman and

NMR

✓ Archaeometry, Conservation and Restoration

✓ Water treatment✓ Life science✓ Developing countries✓ Education and lifelong

learning

3. OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE (OSHW) – DEFINITION

AND APPLICATIONS

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OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE (OSHW) STATEMENT OF

PRINCIPLES

Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design.

Open source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.

Definition from the Open SourceHardware Association

Figure: OSHW can benefit society and the world at large with creative contributions that can address every manner of concern. Source Mouser Electronics

https://www.oshwa.org/definition/

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IDEAL CONJUNCTION OF TOOLS AND CONCEPTS

Development based on sharing and collaborative improvement has a long

anthropological history. Technologically, too, the practice is anything but new!

Tools

✓ Internet and Social Media

✓ 3D printers

✓ Cheap electronics (e.g. Arduino)

and computer boards (e.g.

Raspberry Pi)

✓ Smartphones = light-sensors,

data transfer and computer

✓ Easy and/or free programming

languages (OOP) (e.g. Python,

R, Matlab)

✓ Cloud computing

✓ Public repositories

Concepts

✓ Open Source Initiative

✓ FabLab and Maker Spaces

✓ Citizen Science Initiative

✓ Lifelong learning

✓ Do-It-Yourself and Do-It-Together

✓ Computer-aided design

✓ Internet of Things

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SOME KEY PLAYERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

HardwareX (Elsevier)

CERN Open Hardware Licence

4. OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE (OSHW) IN RESEARCH –DISRUPTIVE OR DISTRACTIVE?

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THE PITCH

Science for All: How to Make Free, Open Source Laboratory Hardware

By Joshua M. Pearce on December 4, 2015(Scientific American)

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LABWARE (PIPETTES HOLDER)

Catalogue price = 420€https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2487363Download and print: 10€

Catalogue price = 1020€

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1. WebCam Microscope

2. Hard Drive Centrifuge

3. Incubator Controller4. Gel Box and High

Voltage Supply5. Turbidity Meeter Kit6. DIY Microvolume

Spectrometer7. My Open PCR8. Tube Racks9. BLUE

Transiluminator

10. DIY Electrospinner

Low-Tech (The GaudiLab & hackteria.org)

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Commercially Available Open Source Hardware

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DIY OSHW for Wine Analysis - 1

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DIY OSHW for Wine Analysis - 2

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Past Activities

Turbiditysensor

pHsensor

Temperaturesensor 18DS20B

Arduino Nano

Bluetoothmodule

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - INSTITUTIONAL

This work was financially supported by the following projects:

(i) project UID/EQU/00511/2019 - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC);

(ii) Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029702, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 –Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES;

(iii) Project “LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION” – NORTE‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐000005, funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

This presentation is based upon work from COST Action CA 16215, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, http://www.cost.eu)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – MC AND CORE MEMBERS

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