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Open Source Projects Defining Stack Segments
OS#For#Cloud#Workloads#
IaaS#
PaaS#
Containers#
Networking#
Database#
IoT#Orchestra=on#
What(is(“Open(Source?”(
! Strictly(speaking,(so;ware(code(in(human(readable(form((in(comparison(to(machineA
readable(object(code)(
! Generically,(a(collaboraEve(development(technique,(usually(open(to(anyone(to(
parEcipate(in(for(free(
! Most(o;en(used(to(develop(so;ware,(but(can(also(be(hardware((or(anything(else)(
! Results(in(a(usable(product(rather(than(a(design(
! The(deliverable(is(usually(available(for(free(
! ExcepEon:(in(the(case(of(hardware,(the(architecture(would(be(free,(and(an(implementaEon((if(available)(would(o;en(be(available(at(or(near(cost((
What(is(“Open(Source?”(
! Can(be(as(small(as(a(few(lines(of(code(or(a(single(funcEon(or(
module(
! Can(be(millions(of(lines(of(code((e.g.,(the(Linux(kernel)(
! Many(examples(of(dominant(code((e.g.,(the(LAMP(stack(running(
Web(servers)(
How(is(Open(Source(Developed?(
! Many(models,(depending(on(objecEves:(
! Hosted(at(a(“forge”(like(GitHub(–(provides(technical(development(
plaVorm((i.e.,(version(control,(wiki,(etc.)(for(free(
! Hosted(by(an(exisEng(foundaEon(like(the(Linux(FoundaEon(! Incorporated(as(a(stand(alone(enEty((usually(with(outsourced(management)(
How(is(Open(Source(Developed?(
! ParEcipaEon(and(technical(governance(are(usually(based(on(a(meritocracy(approach((
! Funded(projects(may(have(a(Board(of(Directors(consEtuted(in(a(
manner(typical(of(a(consorEum(
! Funded(projects(may(also(have(mulEAEer(memberships(with(
ascending(rights(
! Elite(projects(maintain(a(strict(separaEon(between(Board(and(
Technical(Steering(CommiZee((TSB)(
How(are(IPR(Managed?(
! Code(is(available(for(free(! Project(may(be(subject(to(contribuEon(and(licensing(rules,(or(there(may(be(no(
rules(at(all(
! If(there(is(a(user(license,(the(terms(can(vary(widely,(from(almost(minimal(
(“permissive”)(to(significant((“copyle;”)(
! Copyright(in(each(code(contribuEon(may(be(conveyed(to(the(project,(or(retained(
by(the(owner(
! Patent(rules(for(contributors(and(users(can(vary(widely(
Open Source vs. Open Standards
! There is a built in tension between the two approaches ! Open standards provide value only if everyone complies with the
standard ! IPR commitments are limited to compliant implementations ! Copyright applies only to standards, not to implementations ! Participants are subject to explicit IPR policies and obligations
Open Source vs. Open Standards
! Open source software derives its value from allowing anyone to change it ! May or may not be contribution agreements ! Many participants may be subject to non-member inventions agreements or
work for hire obligations ! Patents are often not addressed at all ! Copyright applies to the deliverable itself ! Commercializing software under restrictive licenses can impose IPR and
code-contributions on non-members
Open(Source(vs.(Open(Standards(
! BUT:(! Open(source(so;ware(needs(to(implement(standards((
! RAND(commitments(can(cause(problems(under(“Copyle;”(licenses(
! Many(consorEa(have(adapted(their(IPR(policies(to(deal(with(this(
! Standards(someEmes(now(include(actual(code,(which(is(not(contemplated(by(the(
IPR(policies(under(which(the(standards(were(developed(
Open(Source(vs.(Open(Standards(
! Why(a(new(breed(of(open(source(projects?(
! CollaboraEon(objecEves(are(becoming(more(ambiEous(and(challenging(
! Standards(organizaEons(are(sEll(largely(“stove(piped”(
! Time(to(market(constraints(are(significant(
! Middleware(can(be(commodiEzed(in(order(to(facilitate(creaEon(of(new(
markets((
! Many(companies(think(an(open(source(approach(can(lead(to(a(more(
saEsfactory(result(
ContrasEng(approaches(
! Open(standards(approach:(
! Form(a(new(foundaEon(to(create(a(framework(of(standards(directed(at(a(
specific(use(case(s):(Exp:(DLNA(
! Populate(framework(with(appropriate(standards(
! IdenEfy(gaps(where(standards(are(needed(
! Establish(liaisons(with(appropriate(SSOs(
! Vendors(then(build(all(the(so;ware(individually,(from(the(ground(up((or(the(
consorEum(may(also(create(a(reference(implementaEon)(
! Standards(may(or(may(not(enable(“plug(and(play”(interoperability(
! Plugfests,(cerEficaEon(programs(follow(
ContrasEng(approaches(
! Open(Source(approach:(
! (Form(a(new(consorEum(to(develop(code(for(so;ware(that(addresses(a(specific(use(
case(s)(
! Incorporates(appropriate(standards(
! May(also(create(code(for(APIs(
! May(also(release(specificaEons(for(APIs(
! May(also(idenEfy(gaps(where(standards(are(needed(
! Establish(liaisons(with(appropriate(open(source(foundaEons(and(SSOs(
! Vendors(then(build(on(top(of(the(common(open(source(plaVorm(
! CerEficaEon(program(may(follow(
Current(example:(the(IoT(
! A(large(array(of(organizaEons(have(been(formed,(including:(
! The(Thread(Group((Google,(ARM,(Samsung):(lowApower(mesh(network(protocols(based(on(
exisEng(standards(other(than(WiFi,(Bluetooth(
! OpenInterconnect(ConsorEum((Intel,(Samsung,(Dell):(wireless(connecEvity(standards(based(
on(Wifi,(Bluetooth,(etc.;(open(source(reference(implementaEon(to(follow(
! AllSeen(Alliance((Qualcomm,(Cisco,(Microso;;(hosted(by(Linux(FoundaEon):(open(source(
plaVorm;(will(do(APIs(in(code(and(specificaEon(form(
! Hypercat((UK(based;(IBM,(ARM,(BT):(standards(for(“thin”(interoperability(layer(to(allow(
queries(between(devices(and(hubs(
! Industrial(Internet(ConsorEum((OMG(hosted;(IBM,(Intel,(AT&T,(GE,(Cisco):(apps(for(
commercial(se*ngs(
! oneM2m((mulEple(SSOs)(standards(framework(for(communicaEon(and(services(in(broad(array(
of(market(se*ngs(
Convergence(Benefits:(
! Provides(a(new(approach(to(solve(complex(problems(
! Broadens(opportuniEes(for(innovaEon(! Able(to(address(crossAsectoral(challenges(! Provides(a(faster(Eme(to(market(soluEon(
! Lowers(perAparEcipant(development(costs(
! Reduces(risk(of(lock(in((
Moving to Strategic Use of Open Source
29%
80% OSS
Average * Best in class * Source: Gartner Group
Value Add
• Choosing(best(open(source(projects(to(meet(goals(
• License(review(boards(• What(code(to(share(and(what(code(to(keep(
Strategic(Analysis(
• Open(Source(License(Management(
• ContribuEon(Agreements(
• Trademark(Licensing(Intellectual(Property(
• Social(coding(style:(GIT,(email,(IRC,(etc.(
• Project(governance:(contribuEon,(maintainers,(etc.(Development(Process(
• Downstream(product(integraEon(
• Upstream(code(contribuEons(
• License(compliance(Business(Process(
Open Source R&D Management Requires New Skills
30