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Open Archives in the Evolving Information Space – Libraries
and the Global Perspective
Panel on Open Archives, Self-archiving and Free Access: the Brazilian Perspective
12th National Seminary of University Libraries Recife, Brazil 22/10/02
Jessie Hey University of Southampton, England
TARDis e-Print project http://tardis.eprints.org
Southampton where the Titanic sailed from … and cars and containers and other liners come quickly in
and out
Also hometo theNationalOceanographicLibrary on theWaterfrontCampus
Journey across the globe towards the sun?!
Southampton Waterfront Campus 16 Oct
CERN, Geneva 17-19 Oct
Delayed in Lisbon 20-21 Oct
En route to Recife
Early morningSun in Recife!
Talk Outline for Our Open Archives Journey
• Evolving academic information space• The catalysts for open access • Subject based open archives• Being supplemented by institutional open archives –
options and opportunities with examples from Europe and the UK
• Opportunities for added value• Librarians to the rescue? And I’ll bring in some examples of key workshops which illustrate
our theme
Building a global ‘collaboratory’
• The academic world is increasingly global and collaborative and needs the tools to support this
• …..center without walls, in which researchers can perform their research without regard to geographical location – interacting with colleagues, accessing instrumentation, sharing data and computational resource, and accessing information in digital libraries
Kouzes et al (1996) Collaboratories – doing science on the internet Computer, 29(8), 40-46
How to get there
• Developing an infrastructure for data – the GRID– Other people will wish to use the same data so we need
tools to preserve and access it
• Developing a the infrastructure for documents
through ‘hybrid’ libraries:– Traditional and digital
– Commercial and open (free and interoperable) access
– Bibliographic and full text
The end of the journey?
• Finally data and documents will be intertwined and easily accessible
• They will be an integral part of the academic work space just as the World Wide Web is today
• But the Web will acquire meaning and become the Semantic Web
• Open Archive metadata standards are a part of that journey
Many catalysts for open archives
• e.g. Open Archive Initiative (OAI) – 1st meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico 3 years ago
• Now have an significant solution for open (interoperable) archives in OAI-PMH v 2 (Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) June 2002
• Laid down rules which make search services for many distributed archives possible
• Your database needs to be OAI-compliant!
Budapest Open Access Initiative
http://www.soros.org/openaccess• Launched 14th February by George Soros’s Open Society
Institute
• Worldwide coordinated movement dedicated to freeing online access
• Even wealthier institutions afford a small and shrinking proportion of the 4 million articles a year
The BOAI
• Providing universities with the means through institutional self archiving
• Providing support for new alternative journals offering open online access
• Open societies need open access
To keep up to date
Peter Suber keeps up to date with all these activities with the Free Online Scholarship Movement
Read his FOS newsletter and now weblog
And his Timeline to appreciate the real momentum for self archiving!
Subject-based Archives
• Pioneering example is ArXiv set up by Paul Ginsparg in 1991• Based on a culture of High Energy Physics preprints - trad.
Science journal so slow and expensive• I helped produce the paper listing at CERN in the 70s for
circulation around the world the old-fashioned way• Now needs a librarian’s eye to improve the subject
navigation, formats and interface as it is used also by non-techies
• Other archives now like CogPrints and RePEc - Working papers in Economics - but not a huge number
• All 3 here started by enthusiasts
arXiv – server weekly usage
Red - Number of connections in each week Blue - Number of hosts connecting that week (divide by 10 for correct number) Green - Number of new hosts that week (divide by 10)
eScholarship
The California Digital Library (created 1997) started producing some discipline based archives: as they produce more they see that both subject and institutional archives will emerge and complement each other.
They might, for example, have a branded research centre site and a central repository – TARDis will be exploring these ideas too
They may contain a variety of e-Prints from preprints through conference papers through journal articles through teaching materials or even data (as planned by MIT)
Institutional Archives
• Reawakening to value of greater access to an institution’s research
• Essential increase in visibility of our intellectual output
• A preservation role (like our traditional archivists)
– I have papers that my colleagues who collaborated with me cannot read or do not have a copy of because we do not subscribe to that journal (highlighted by the UK Research Assessment Exercise)
– From our departmental database Google will find it if we have self archived it
2nd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI): Gaining independence with e-print archives and OAI 17-
19th October in Geneva
Where the web was born
A lively European meeting and oversubscribed
• Aim: To guide individuals and institutions interested in pursuing open access solutions to scholarly communication but also an update on progress…
• Presentations on the web and webcast and a bibliography http://documents.cern.ch/age?a02333
One of the conclusions:
• Less emphasis needed now on underlying technology eg Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) which provides the vital interoperability framework.
Publishers making themselves OAI – compliant
• Institute of Physics: We are pleased to confirm that we have adopted this standard here at Institute of Physics Publishing and metadata records for our article abstracts are now available in Dublin Core. They can be ‘harvested’ from our server on request.
August 2002
Search engine adds OAI-compliant databases
• Scirus.com, the web search engine for scientific information launched by Elsevier Science in 2001, has now made 4 additional OAI sources available to its users.
• Next to arXiv.org, already available since the beginning of this year, Scirus now includes NASA (incl. NACA and LTRS), CogPrints, The Chemistry Preprint Server (CPS), and The Mathematics Preprint Server (MPS). The data were added by using the OAI-PMH protocol.
• Scirus now offers its users 107 million science specific pages, including over 17 million proprietary records that cannot be found using generic search engines September 2002
Open Archives Forum disseminates information about European activity
• An Aim: stimulating building of an open archives infrastructure in Europe
• Found country activity in: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and 20 countries were at Geneva workshop
• 2nd Workshop – Open Access to Hidden Resources Lisbon Portugal 5-7 Dec 2002
for Libraries and Archives to explore viability of open archive approach
Susanne Dobratz, 17. Oct. 2002, Geneva, 2nd Workshop on OAI: Gaining Independence with e-prints and OAI
IST- 2001-320015
Entering another phase
• Many enabling technologies, standards, and protocols to support institutional repositories already exist e.g. the OAI-PMH protocol to enable interoperability
• The World Wide Web is taken for granted as part of the infrastructure
Supporting Software
• Software such as EPrints from IAM group University of Southampton is free
• Pioneered by Prof. Stevan Harnad to further the cause of self-archiving
• EPrints 2 developed by Chris Gutteridge
Eprints mailing lists indicate takeup is global and new users feedback into Eprints (e.g. language)
We’re not alone
• The Case for Institutional Repositories: a SPARC position paper – prepared by Raym Crow July 2002
Supplemented by:
• SPARC Institutional Repository Checklist and Resources Guide October 2002
Cultural and management issues come to the fore
• Libraries poised to play a pivotal role – learning how……..
• Institutional Repositories: a Workshop on Creating an Infrastructure for Faculty-Library Partnerships October 18th 2002 in Washington, DC
• Involvement can bring a new closer bond between library and faculty
Example of UK planned activities to increase access to scholarly assets
• FAIR programme for a Focus on Access to Institutional Resources
• Inspired by the vision of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) that digital resources can be shared between organisations based on a simple mechanisim allowing metadata about these resources to be harvested into services
• To support the disclosure of institutional assets: To support access to and sharing of institutional content
within Higher Education and Further Education and to allow intelligence to be gathered about the technical, organisational and cultural challenges of these processes…
FAIR programme
• £3 million on 14 projects starting August 2002
• Clusters:– Museums and Images– E-Prints– E-theses– IPR– Institutional portals
UK Focus on Access to Institutional Resources – e-Prints • TARDis: Targeting Academic Resources for
Dissemination and dISclosure• SHERPA: broader - Consortium of Research
Libraries – filling archives and joint infrastructure• HaIRST: A testbed for Scotland• ePrints-UK : also investigating subject structure
using Dewey classification (with OCLC in USA)
TARDis
• Providing exemplar institutional archive at Southampton – practising what we preach and building on the software and advocacy examples provided by Southampton people
• Combining self-archiving (including departmental archives) and an institutional archive (mediated by the library)
• Feeding back new demands of each into the EPrints software as librarians (not techies)
New opportunities for added value services
• Using search services e.g. Arc and OAIster, Scirus• Could also have more specific subject ones• Navigation using services such as CiteBase• Finding references e.g. ParaCite• New services we haven’t thought of yet• Incorporating search engines which find all that is
available on both the visible and invisible web….
A place for new search engines
• The MALIBU prototype search engine incorporated a web search engine as well as databases chosen by librarians to fit different subject profiles
• We now are seeing large scale search engines such as Scirus which search Elsevier and other commercial databases as well as the web (with FAST)
• The BBC searches its own databases for news and programmes and the web - suitably filtered (with Google)
• We will need more of these that can bring us everything whether open archived or not and give us choices!
• Alternatively make your library OAI compliant e.g. CERN (1st Oct 2002)!
Some possible roles for ‘Hybrid’ Libraries and ‘Hybrarians’
• Setting up open archives with the academics to support their scholarship and complement traditional library resources e.g. DSpace at MIT in the US
• Being an essential part of the process of adding metadata – search services have rejected databases with poor metadata
• And/or supporting self-archiving and providing added value services
e.g. my publications can be automatically added from the departmental Electronics and Computer Science database to my homepage
• Teaching academics how to produce papers in electronic form and advising on formats and systems for preservation
• and thank you from
Southampton,
England and good luck
with your archives and services – don’t be left behind!
• Jessie MN Hey [email protected]
http://tardis.eprints.org/
