OP 4 (Explosives Safety Afloat) - SailorBob 2.0E_Safety_A… · The instructions and regulations prescribed in NAVSEA OP 4 are considered minimum ammunition and explosives safety

This page left intentionally blank

NAVSEA OP 4

0640-LP-105-6373 EIGHTH REVISION

AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT CDistribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors;

administrative/operational use; 1 July 2006. Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N7).

WARNINGThis document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the Arms Export

Control Act (Title 22, USC, Sec 2751 et. seq.) or Executive Order 12470.Violations of these export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties.

DESTRUCTION NOTICEDestroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of

contents or reconstruction of the document.

THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 4 SEVENTH REVISION DATED 15 JANUARY 2003.

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

ACN 1/8


NAVSEA OP 4

0640-LP-105-6373 EIGHTH REVISION

AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT CDistribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors;

administrative/operational use; 1 July 2006. Other requests for this document must be referred to the Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) (N7).

WARNINGThis document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the Arms Export

Control Act (Title 22, USC, Sec 2751 et. seq.) or Executive Order 12470.Violations of these export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties.

DESTRUCTION NOTICEDestroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of

contents or reconstruction of the document.

THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVSEA OP 4 SEVENTH REVISION DATED 15 JANUARY 2003.

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

1 JULY 2006

A

NAVSEA OP 4 EIGHTH REVISION

Reproduction for nonmilitary use of the information or illustrations contained in this manual is not permitted. This does not preclude reproduction and use of any part of this manual by contracted agencies responsible for the training and instruction of personnel who handle and transport military ammunition, explosives, and related hazardous materials. The policy for military use reproduction is established for the Army in AR 380-5, for the Navy and Marine Corps in SECNAVINST 5510.36, and for the Air Force in Air Force Regulations 205-1.

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

The total number of pages in this manual is 194. They are all original Revision Eight pages. The date of issue for all pages in this manual is 1 July 2006. Change bars are included to assist the reader in identify-ing areas where changes to requirements or procedures have occurred.

http://doni.daps.dla.mil/SECNAV.aspx


Foreword-1/(Foreword-2 Blank)


FOREWORD

1. It is the policy of the Department of the Navy to maintain an effective and aggressive ordnance safety program. The adherence to the instructions and regulations contained in NAVSEA OP 4 will provide a continuing, aggressive accident prevention program throughout all commands afloat.

2. The instructions and regulations prescribed in NAVSEA OP 4 are considered minimum ammunition and explosives safety criteria. The specific items, technical manuals, drawings, and specifications referenced in this publication should be consulted for additional detailed requirements.

3. Supplementary instructions for transporting, handling, and stowing nuclear and other nonconventional weapons are not contained in this publication. These instructions are promulgated in appropriate Navy publications.

4. The application of these instructions and regulations in the Fleet can be expected to reveal omissions as well as the need for modifications to NAVSEA OP 4. This manual is designed to accommodate such changes and additions. Recommendations for updating and correcting this manual should be submitted as described in chapter 1.

5. This publication supersedes NAVSEA OP 4, Seventh Revision, dated 15 January 2003, which should be destroyed.

6. Copies of this CD-ROM or correspondence involving distribution quantities, address changes, etc., should be forwarded to Director, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Indian Head Division Detachment Earle, Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center, Code E4, 201 Highway 34 South, Colts Neck, NJ 07722-5023.

http://www.ih.navy.mil/Departments/phst/index.html



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-1. Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11-2. Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11-3. Mandatory and Advisory Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11-4. Organization of Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11-5. Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-6. Reference Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-7. Amphibious Ship Ammunition Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-8. Signs, Placards, Hazard Markings and Label Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-9. Deviations to Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-9.1. Waivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-9.2. Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21-9.3. Requests for Waivers or Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31-9.4. Renewal of Waivers or Exemptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31-9.5. Event Waivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31-9.6. Request for Event Waivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41-10. Reporting Errors and Omissions in Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41-11. Date of Publication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL REGULATIONS, POLICIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . 2-1

2-1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12-2. Local Application of CNO Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12-3. Operational Risk Management (ORM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12-4. Command Responsibilities and Relationships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12-4.1. Commanding Officer/Master Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12-4.2. Officer-in-Charge Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22-4.3. Supervisor Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22-4.4. Personnel Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22-4.5. Pierside Transfer Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32-4.6. Visiting Afloat Command and Naval Shore Activity

Command Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32-4.7. Conventional Ordnance Safety Review (COSR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32-5. Pre-Arrival or Arrival Conference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42-6. Designation of Explosive Handling Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42-6.1. Ammunition Terminals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42-6.2. Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42-6.3. Explosives Anchorages and Other Permitted Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

i


TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)


2-6.4. Lighters and Barges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52-6.5. Small Boats and Craft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52-6.6. High Speed Vessels (HSV’s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62-6.7. Roll On/Roll Off (RORO) Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62-7. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO). . . . . . . . . . 2-62-8. Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) Requirements. . . . . . . . . . 2-72-8.1. Combatant Ammunition and Explosives ESQD Requirements. . . . . . . . . 2-72-8.2. Cargo Ammunition and Explosives ESQD Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72-8.3. Amphibious Warfare Ammunition and Explosives

ESQD Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92-8.4. Logistics Movements of Ammunition and Explosives at

Shore Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-102-9. Bravo Flag Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-102-10. Approved Ammunition, Explosives and Weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-102-10.1. Approved Packaging for Ammunition, Explosives and

Related Hazardous Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-112-10.2. Privately Owned Ammunition, Explosives and Weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . .2-112-10.3. Commercial Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-112-10.4. Small Arms Weapons Stowage with Ammunition and Explosives. . . . . .2-112-10.5. Simulators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-11. Physical Security for Arms, Ammunition and Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-12. Record Keeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-13. Prior to Use Inspection of Ammunition and Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-14. Thermally Protected Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-15. Modification or Alternation of Ammunition,

Explosives and Weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-16. Unauthorized Use of Ammunition, Explosives and Weapons Systems. 2-122-17. Ship Repairs and Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-17.1. Offloading Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122-17.2. Requirements for Decision to Offload. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-132-17.3. Retaining Ammunition Onboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-132-17.4. Movement of Ammunition and Explosives in a

Shipyard or Ship Repair Facility (SRF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-142-18. Safety Interlocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-142-19. Signs, Placards, Hazard Markings and Label Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-152-20. Safe Areas for On-Deck Observers During Scheduled

Ordnance Launches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-152-21. Authorized Maintenance of Ammunition and Explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-152-21.1. General Maintenance Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-162-21.2. Permissible Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-162-22. Emergency Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172-23. Firefighting and Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172-23.1. Firefighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172-23.2. Inoperable or Deactivated Sprinkling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-172-23.3. Onloading or Offloading Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

ii




2-23.4. Use of Flame-, Heat-, or Spark-Producing Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-182-23.5. Hot Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-182-24. Small Arms Ranges Aboard Ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-212-25. Inert Display Ordnance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-212-25.1. Certification and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-212-25.2. Record Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-222-26. Dropped or Damaged Ordnance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-222-27. Disposal of Ordnance at Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-222-28. Mishap Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

CHAPTER 3 HANDLING AND STOWAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13-2. Number of Personnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23-3. First Aid and Emergency Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23-4. Safety Observer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33-5. Minimizing Handling Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33-6. Doors and Hatches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33-7. Ammunition Passing Scuttles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43-8. Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43-8.1. Safety Requirements for Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43-8.2. Elevator Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53-8.3. Elevator Safety Margin Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53-9. Handling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73-9.1. Approved handling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73-9.2. Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83-9.3. Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-123-9.4. Weight Handling Equipment (WHE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-133-9.5. Vertical Package Conveyors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143-9.6. Longitudinal Conveyor System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143-9.7. Armament Weapons Support Equipment (AWSE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143-10. Aviation Ordnance Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143-10.1. Loading Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153-10.2. Loading Drills Using Live Ordnance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153-10.3. Exposed Ordnance Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153-11. Staging Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-163-11.1. Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-163-11.2. Rapid Handling Evolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-163-12. Magazine Use Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-163-12.1. Small Arms Magazines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-12.2. Accident Prevention Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-12.3. Security Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-12.4. Cleanliness in Magazines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-12.5. Ready-Service Stowage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173-12.6. Work in Stowage Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

iii




3-12.7. Use of Magazines for Purposes Other Than Ordnance Stowage. . . . . . 3-183-12.8. Food and Drink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-183-12.9. Smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-183-12.10. Securing Stows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-183-12.11. Internal Arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-193-12.12. Ammunition and Stowage Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-193-13. Permissible Stowage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-213-13.1. Compatibility Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-213-13.2. Criteria for Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-233-14. Specific Handling and Stowage Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-283-14.1. Missiles, Rockets and Torpedoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-283-14.2. Bomb-Type Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-323-14.3. Gun Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-333-14.4. Gun Propellant Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-333-14.5. Small Arms Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-343-14.6. Grenades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-353-14.7. Cartridge and Propellant Actuated Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-353-14.8. Pyrotechnic Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-363-14.9. Demolition Materiels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-383-14.10. Chemical Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-393-14.11. Inert Ordnance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-403-14.12. Hypergolic and Fuel Air Explosives (FAE) Mixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

CHAPTER 4 TRANSFER OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4-1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-2. Ammunition Receipt Inspection Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-2.1. Ammunition Identification and Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-2.2. Ordnance Container Traceable Seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-3. Offload Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14-3.1. Ammunition Service Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24-3.2. Ammunition without a Service Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24-3.3. Ammunition Shelf Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24-4. Return of Unsafe, Armed or Suspect Ammunition or Explosives. . . . . . . 4-24-5. Ammunition and Explosives Inspection Prior to Offload or Transfer. . . . . 4-34-6. Packaging Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34-6.1. Light Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34-6.2. Palletization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44-6.3. Fleet Issue Unit Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44-6.4. Partial Unit Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44-7. Pierside Ammunition Transfer Evolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44-7.1. Bilges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-7.2. Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-7.3. Visitors and Parking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-7.4. Discontinued Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

iv




4-7.5. Night Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-7.6. Belt Conveyors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-7.7. Small Quantity Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-8. Underway Replenishment (UNREP) Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54-9. Return of Empty Hazardous Material (HM) Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

CHAPTER 5 SHIP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5-1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15-2. Risk Management During Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15-2.1. Emerging Technologies During Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15-3. General Requirements, Standards and Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25-3.1. Approved Handling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25-3.2. Ordnance Handling Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25-3.3. Materials Handling Equipment (MHE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65-3.4. Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65-3.5. Machinery Guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65-3.6. Shock and Vibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65-3.7. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO). . . . . . . . . . 5-65-3.8. Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-75-3.9. Grounding Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-85-3.10. Firefighting Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-85-4. Magazine Design Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-85-4.1. General Magazine Design Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-85-4.2. Specialized Magazine Design Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-135-4.3. Alarm Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-175-4.4. Magazine Sprinkling Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-195-4.5. Water Injection System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-215-4.6. Assembly Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-215-5. Surface Combatant Configuration Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-225-6. Submarine Configuration Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-225-6.1. Small Arms Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-235-6.2. Blasting Caps and Demolition Fuzing Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-235-6.3. Demolition Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-235-6.4. Pyrotechnic Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-235-6.5. Countermeasures Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-235-6.6. Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-245-6.7. Special Operations Forces (SOF) Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-245-7. Amphibious Warfare Configuration Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-245-8. Aviation Facility Sprinkler Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24

CHAPTER 6 JOINT OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6-1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16-2. Executive Summary - Joint/Special Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

v




6-3. Pre-Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16-4. Qualification and Certification (QUAL/CERT) Requirements for

Embarking Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16-5. Deviation Requests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26-6. Prior to Ordnance Arrival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26-7. Aircraft Loading Checklists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26-8. Ship’s Ordnance Personnel Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46-9. Loading Operations on the Flight Deck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46-10. Hot Aircraft Rapid Rearming Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46-11. Foreign Object Damage (FOD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46-12. Ordnance Replenishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46-13. Joint Operations or Exercises HERO Guidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56-13.1. Flexibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56-13.2. Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56-13.3. Obtaining JOERAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56-14. Ordnance Radio Frequency (RF) Hazard Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICAL SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7-1. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17-2. Electrically Powered Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17-3. Atmospheric Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17-4. Igniter Circuit Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17-5. Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17-5.1. Ground Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27-5.2. Weather/Flight Deck Ground Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27-5.3. Ground Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27-6. Personnel Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37-6.1. Precautionary Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47-7. Grounding during Weapons Test, Maintenance,

Assembly, and Disassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47-7.1. Precautionary Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57-8. Grounding During Aircraft Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57-8.1. Precautionary Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57-9. Aircraft Ordnance Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67-9.1. Precautionary Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67-10. Grounding During Stowage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67-11. Specific Guidance for Known Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67-11.1. Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seat (NACES)

Operational Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-67-11.2. Weapon Test and Reprogramming Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

vi




APPENDIX A TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

APPENDIX B REFERENCE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

APPENDIX C LANDING FORCE AMMUNITION COMPATIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

APPENDIX D SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

vii


viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

2-1 Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-202-2 Record of Certification and Identification (Example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-233-1 Weapons-Elevator Safety Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73-2 Test Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-125-1 Safety Margin Hatches Hangar Deck and Flight Deck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4D-1 Sample “AMMUNITION FAR SIDE” Sign or Label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1D-2 Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and

Lockers Placard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3D-3 Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling Placard. . . . . . . . . D-4D-4 General Safety Precautions for White Phosphorus (WP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6D-5 First Aid Treatment for White Phosphorus (WP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6D-6 Safety Precautions, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page


2-1 Guidance for Offloading Ammunition Before Drydocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-133-1 Cargo Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13-2 Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for

Combatant Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-253-3 Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for

Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-263-4 Compatibility Chart for Various Classes of Landing Force

Ammunition Stowed on Amphibious Assault Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-273-5 DON-Approved 2.75-Inch Rocket Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-306-1 NAVAIR Approved Aircraft Loading Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3C-1 Examples of Ammunition Compatibility Using Ammunition

Groups Aboard Amphibious Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2D-1 Safety Precaution Label Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9

x


SAFETY SUMMARY

This publication is a safety manual which contains mandatory instructions and regulations necessary for safe ammunition handling and ordnance operations aboard ship. Separate warnings or cautions are not contained herein because the entire publication provides information of a warning or cautionary nature to the user. However, notes in the text are used to emphasize unusual or special procedures or conditions.


CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1-1. PURPOSE. OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series) establishes the principal Department of the Navy (DON) explosives safety policies. This publication amplifies this DON policy and provides mandatory technical direction and procedures, including ship design requirements and standards, for the safe handling, stowage and use of all ammunition and explosives afloat. Specific ammunition and ship technical instructions and procedures are not contained in this publication; refer to the applicable documents for detailed requirements and procedures. If a conflict exists between this publication and OPNAV instructions, OPNAV instructions shall take precedence. Conflicts between this publication and any other technical instructions and procedures, the provisions specified in this manual shall take precedence. This manual is the shipboard counterpart of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1.

1-2. SCOPE. This publication is applicable to all ships owned or operated by the U.S. Navy. It is also applicable to other vessels, such as Military Sealift Command (MSC), which carry Naval ammunition and explosives. It is intended to provide guidance to all personnel engaged in the handling, stowage, use and transfer of ammunition and explosives and to provide a source for a continuing, aggressive mishap prevention program. The policies and requirements herein also affect ship, weapon and combat system design, construction, modification, maintenance and use.

1-3. MANDATORY AND ADVISORY REGULATIONS. The requirements in this manual that use the commands “shall,” “will,” or “must” are mandatory, unless they are specifically waived or exempted by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) in accordance with the provisions in OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series). Advisory requirements are those in which “may” or “should” are used. These advisory requirements shall be followed unless exceptions are authorized in writing by the ship’s Commanding Officer/Officer-In-Charge (CO/OIC) or Master.

1-4. ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL. Chapter 2 identifies the general regulations, policies and responsibilities, involving the explosives safety shipboard requirements of ammunition and explosives. Chapter 3 provides the general regulations and responsibilities for the handling and stowage of ammunition and explosives afloat. Chapter 4 addresses the general requirements for the safe preparation and transfer of ammunition and explosives during pierside and at sea operations. Chapter 5 describes the ship design, performance and standards applicable to new construction, redesign, repeat/modified design, conversion and in-service ships for ammunition and explosives assembly, stowage, handling, security, monitoring, and protection from fire. Chapter 6 details guidance for the conduct of Joint Operations, that involves non-U.S. Navy aircraft and/or ammunition aboard U.S. Navy ships. Finally, chapter 7 concludes with the explosives safety regulations and precautions for the use of electrically powered tools and equipment, and grounding requirements associated with the handling, testing, maintenance, reprogramming, assembly and disassembly of ammunition and explosives, or for personnel and aircraft ordnance operations.

1-1

http://www.navy.mil/palib/cno/index.html

http://doni.daps.dla.mil/OPNAV.aspx




1-5. DEFINITIONS. The definitions of terms and abbreviations commonly used in conjunction with explosives safety afloat and other related explosives safety requirements appear in appendix A. When individual weapon or weapon system publications use these terms to include a broader scope at action or to define actions not within the content of these definitions, clarifications shall be requested as stated in paragraph 1-10.

1-6. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS. A list of documents that contain technical or administrative information applicable to and referenced in this manual is presented in appendix B. Applicable documents shall be maintained aboard ship as a collection of current information pertaining to all aspects of shipboard ammunition and explosives operations. They are essential for complete understanding of the safety regulations contained within this manual. Other publications are listed which provide further information on explosives safety matters.

1-7. AMPHIBIOUS SHIP AMMUNITION COMPATIBILITY. Appendix C identifies the landing force ammunition stowage compatibility requirements aboard amphibious warfare ships. It defines each ammunition group and provides a list of examples of ammunition compatibility, by Naval Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC), for each ammunition group.

1-8. SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES. Appendix D identifies the appropriate accident prevention signs, such as warnings, cautions, etc., and safety precautions that shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of the meaning and intent of all accident prevention signs, placards, hazard identification and markings, and safety precaution label plates.

1-9. DEVIATIONS TO REGULATIONS. Many situations involving contingency, readiness, or operational requirements can be satisfied only by deviating from established explosives safety criteria. The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV), recognizing this need, has delegated authority to CNO to issue waivers, exemptions and event waivers when strategic or other compelling reasons dictate. CNO has also approved the use of event waivers for special occasions that are of a short duration in terms of time and scope. Authority has been delegated by CNO to Fleet Commanders; i.e., Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC), Commander Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT), Commander U.S. Naval Forces Europe (COMUSNAVEUR) and Commander U.S. Naval Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT). Safety risks accepted and documented during the ship design acquisition process, as described in paragraph 5-2, are issued for the life of the ship class or until rescinded by CNO.

1-9.1. WAIVERS. A waiver is written authority to deviate from mandatory explosives safety requirements for the purpose of temporary satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. It is generally issued for 2 years pending completion of corrective measures to eliminate the waiver requirement. Waivers will not be granted unless a Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M) for eventual correction is provided with the request. Waivers can be renewed only if adequate progress is being demonstrated to comply with established explosive safety criteria.

1-9.2. EXEMPTIONS. An exemption is written authority to deviate from mandatory explosives safety requirements for the purpose of long term satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. The exemption is generally issued for a maximum of five years, but can be renewed, as

1-2

http://www.navy.mil/palib/people/secnav/secnavpg.html

http://www.naveur.navy.mil/

http://www.naveur.navy.mil/

http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/


required, to allow for correction of the deficiency. Exemptions will not be granted unless a program for eventual correction is planned.

1-9.3. REQUESTS FOR WAIVERS OR EXEMPTIONS. In accordance with OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series), all Navy ships that request waivers or exemptions to the requirements of this manual shall submit these requests to CNO (N41), via the operational chain of command and Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (CO, NOSSA), who in turn shall either validate the operational requirements and justification for exemption or waivers, or provide negative recommendations. All requests for waivers or exemptions shall include the following information:

a. General statement of waiver or exemption requirement.

b. Specific document(s) or table(s) that contain the requirements to be waived.

c. Specific description of the conditions that created the need for the waiver or exemption.

d. Statement specifying reason(s) why compliance with these requirements cannot be effected.

e. Alternatives examined. Include all possible practical alternatives to prevent the continuation or issuance of an exemption or waiver, and the rationale for each alternative.

f. The mission effect of a maximum credible, explosives accident.

g. Safety precautions to be enforced during the period of waiver or exemption.

h. Resources required to eliminate the waiver or exemption.

i. Actions initiated or to be initiated for eliminating the exemption or waiver and the estimated time to completion. At a minimum, a plan of actions and milestones must be provided for incremental correction of all waivers

j. Justification of operational necessity.

1-9.4. RENEWAL OF WAIVERS OR EXEMPTIONS. Each ship shall review and submit documentation for every waiver and exemption in effect on a 2-year basis for waivers and 5 years for exemptions based on the date the deviations were issued. This documentation shall be submitted, via the chain of command, to CNO (N41), using the format and procedures described in paragraph 1-9.3, to arrive not less than 3 months prior to the expiration date. Waiver renewal requests that do not include a plan of actions and milestones for incremental correction or elimination of the waiver will not be processed.

1-9.5. EVENT WAIVERS. An event waiver or multi-event waiver is an approved deviation from explosives safety criteria that is issued by a competent authority on a case-by-case basis for a particular evolution(s), for a limited period of time to meet a specific, non-recurring readiness or operational

1-3



https://intranet.nossa.navsea.navy.mil/security/logon/logon.asp


DER

necessity requirements that cannot be otherwise satisfied. These waivers result from compelling mission requirements, not operational convenience or cost savings.

1-9.6. REQUEST FOR EVENT WAIVERS. In accordance with OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series), all Navy ships will request event waivers or multi-event waivers by message addressed to the commands that will provide the operational necessity certification. Normally, the Numbered Fleet Commanders (e.g., 2nd Fleet, 7th Fleet) serve as the certifying official, but may include the appropriate type commanders (TYCOM’s). Landlord concurrence will be obtained via the Regional Commander. Information addressees for the message will be others in the chain-of-command, CNO (N41), CO, NOSSA, appropriate TYCOM’S, and Immediate Superior in Command (ISIC). The command certifying the operational necessity will send the certification message to the lowest echelon command with approval authority and request intermediate commands provide concurrence when applicable. Geographic Fleet Commanders can approve these waivers to meet their operational needs. The request will be submitted at least 14 days in advance of the evolution. The information contained in the message request should be in the format of paragraph 1-9.3, including the date(s) for which the waiver(s) is (are) required to the maximum practicable extent.

1-10. REPORTING ERRORS AND OMISSIONS IN MANUAL. Ships, training activities, supply points, Naval shipyards, and supervisors of shipbuilding (SUPSHIP) are requested to arrange for the maximum practical use and evaluation of this manual and other NAVSEA technical manuals. All errors, omissions, discrepancies, and suggestions for improvement to NAVSEA technical manuals shall be reported to the Commander, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division (NSWC/PHD), (Code 312), 4363 Missile Way, Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4307 on NAVSEA Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report (TMDER), NAVSEA Form 4160/1. A copy of NAVSEA TMDER Form 4160/1 is included at the end of this manual. For activities with internet access, this form may also be completed and processed using NSWC/PHD website: https://nsdsa2.phdnswc.navy.mil. When using this website, the correct publication number to use to generate a TMDER against this manual is OP00004(4 spaces)00000800. All feedback comments will be thoroughly investigated and originator will be advised of TMDER resolution. If you prefer to submit a TMDER using a word file, click here

1-11. DATE OF PUBLICATION. The publication date of this manual, and its revisions and changes, as shown on the title page, is the estimated date of distribution. However, the manual, revision, or change is effective upon receipt, regardless of the date shown on the title page.

TM

1-4

http://www.phdnswc.navy.mil/





https://nsdsa2.phdnswc.navy.mil


CHAPTER 2

GENERAL REGULATIONS, POLICIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES

2-1. GENERAL. The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) establishes the minimum safety policy for ammunition and explosives afloat and the regulations and procedures are documented herein. Occupational safety, health and environmental requirements as they apply to explosives safety are mandatory as described in OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series). At Naval shore facilities, the regulations of this publication and NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 apply. At explosives anchorages and commercial explosive piers, the regulations for military ammunition and explosives onboard commercial ships are established in 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 171 through 176. Foreign vessels (military, commercial and privately owned) will adhere to United States visit requests and regulations. As required by OPNAVINST 3128.10 (series), Commanding Officers, Port/Harbor Masters or activity commanders should ensure that proper visit notification and requests, along with cargo manifests, are forwarded to CNO (N2L) for approval. All foreign military vessels containing arms, ammunition or explosives shall be treated in a like manner as U.S. Navy ships.

2-2. LOCAL APPLICATION OF CNO INSTRUCTIONS. General instructions issued by CNO should be extended by the appropriate local authority to meet local safety requirements. If a potentially hazardous situation exists for which instructions are not presented in this manual, but should be, the Commanding Officer (CO) of a Naval shore activity or the ship’s CO/Master shall take corrective action, and directly notify Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (CO, NOSSA).

2-3. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT (ORM). ORM is an effectiveness process for maintaining readiness in peacetime and achieving success in combat without infringing upon the prerogatives of the commander. It is a decision making process that enhances operational capability. ORM is a method for identifying hazards, assessing risks and implementing controls to reduce the risk associated with any operation. ORM should be used as a tool when making decisions concerning operations involving ammunition and explosives to ensure that the hazards are identified and controls are in place to mitigate the risk. Refer to OPNAVINST 3500.39/MCO 3500.27 (series) for additional guidance.

2-4. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS. The following safety responsibilities and relationships shall be observed during all ammunition and explosives operations.

2-4.1. COMMANDING OFFICER/MASTER RESPONSIBILITIES. The responsible party for all authorized actions used throughout this manual is the ship’s CO or Master. The ship’s CO or Master may delegate authority to the lowest level of competence commesurate with the subordinate assigned responsibilities and capabilities in accordance with OPNAVINST 3120.32 (series). The ship’s CO or Master is responsible for complying with the explosives safety program afloat requirements contained in this manual. When ships are at a pier, wharf or explosives anchorage that forms part of a Naval shore activity, or is in waters adjacent to a Naval shore activity as defined by local regulations, compliance with any shore activity safety regulations that concern ammunition and explosives and the ship must be

2-1





http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html#page1



followed. The CO of a Naval shore activity is responsible for complying with the explosives safety program requirements ashore contained in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. All operations involving ammunition and explosives operations on the pier, alongside the pier, or in boats under their authority are the responsibility of the shore activity CO.

2-4.2. OFFICER-IN-CHARGE RESPONSIBILITIES. The ship’s CO/Master shall designate an Officer-In-Charge (OIC) during loading or unloading operations involving ammunition and explosives at a pier or explosives anchorages in accordance with NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. The duties of the OIC shall include responsibility for the safety of all shipboard aspects of the loading or unloading operation. The OIC may designate safety observers to assist in these responsibilities. Naval shore stations shall provide personnel to assist the OIC when requested. The OIC shall suspend shipboard operations immediately when unsafe conditions are encountered. Operations shall remain suspended until the condition is corrected. Unsafe conditions shall be brought to the attention of the Naval shore activity when appropriate.

2-4.3. SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES. Aggressive supervision is critical to ammunition and explosives safety aboard ship and the prevention of mishaps. Supervisors shall be designated for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. Supervisors shall verify that only current and approved procedures are in place and that they are in use by qualified and certified personnel. Supervisors shall be alert for any personnel having or demonstrating a casual, inattentive or careless attitude while in the proximity of ordnance. Some ordnance operations such as replenishment are conducted using personnel who are not ordnance specialized; these operations shall be conducted under the direct supervision of qualified ordnance personnel. Supervisors shall take immediate corrective action to prevent possible accidents. Such action must involve stopping an operation and providing additional instruction at a minimum.

2-4.4. PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES. Each person involved in an ordnance operation is responsible for compliance with the procedures and direction provided for the conduct of the operation. If any person detects an incorrect, unsafe or unclear procedure or observes an incorrect or unsafe operation being conducted, they shall immediately call out the word, "SILENCE" or "STOP", stop the particular evolution, and report the situation to the immediate supervisor for appropriate corrective action. Hazardous jobs shall not be rushed or performed in a manner that will compromise the safety of personnel or equipment.

2-4.4.1. Explosive Handling Qualification and Certification (QUAL/CERT) Program. All military, civilian and contractor personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series) prior to performing tasks involving ammunition and explosives. Only competent personnel who thoroughly understand the hazards and risks involved shall be permitted to perform ammunition and explosives operations. Shipboard personnel shall be trained under the direct supervision of experienced officers or senior enlisted personnel until they are competent to perform their work under less direct supervision. Training shall be conducted and documented on a regular basis to ensure that all personnel are aware of the meaning and intent of all procedures, accident prevention signs, safety precautions, instructions, etc. Personnel required to bear arms, aircrew personnel, lookouts, bridge watches, man overboard watches and working parties are exempt to the degree specified in OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series). Surface combatant personnel must be qualified and certified in accordance with OPNAVINST 3500.34 (series) to handle ammunition and

2-2






explosives. Personnel carrying firearms for law enforcement, security duties or personal protection shall be qualified and authorized as described in OPNAVINST 3591.1 (series). An individual’s qualification and certification must be revoked under certain circumstances set forth in OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series).

2-4.4.2. Medical Examination. All explosives handlers and explosives vehicle or equipment operators shall pass a periodic medical examination, under the requirements established by Article 15-107 of NAVMED P-117. If the medical examination expires, then the explosives handler or operator will not be permitted to participate in explosives operations until the medical examination is satisfactorily completed.

a. Military personnel. All active duty and reserve military personnel who perform these duties involving ammunition and explosives shall comply with the medical surveillance/certification requirements listed in Program 721 of the latest edition of NEHC-TM OM 6260, published by the Navy Environmental Health Center. This special duty physical examination is required every five years until age 50, and annually thereafter.

b. Civilian personnel. Civilians who performed these duties involving ammunition and explosives shall comply with the medical surveillance/certification requirements listed in Program 720 of the latest edition of NEHC-TM OM 6260, published by the Navy Environmental Health Center. This special duty physical examination is required every two years until age 60, and annually thereafter.

2-4.5. PIERSIDE TRANSFER OPERATIONS. During ammunition and explosives pierside transfer operations, the responsibility for the safety of the transfer operation rests with the shore activity unless the ammunition or explosives is within the ship. Ammunition and explosives are considered “within the ship,” when the weight of them is carried in whole or in part by the ship. When being loaded into launch systems, such as Vertical Launching System (VLS), and above deck canisters, the ammunition is considered within the ship when the loading adapter or hook is removed whether or not the ammunition is entirely within the launcher. Connected replenishment (CONREP) of ammunition and explosives is prohibited between ships during pierside transfer operations.

2-4.6. VISITING AFLOAT COMMAND AND NAVAL SHORE ACTIVITY COMMAND RELATIONSHIP. The command relationships between a visiting afloat command and the Naval shore activity are outlined in OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series), Naval base commander and other command instructions. The visiting afloat command shall conform to the regulations of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 and to the orders of the host shore command in matters pertaining to specific services rendered or received including police, fire, security, safety, communications, air traffic, plant maintenance, and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD). Specific responsibilities shall be documented during the pre-arrival conference as described below. Conflicts involving the policies, requirements, procedures, or authorities for the loading, handling, or unloading of ammunition or explosives shall be reconciled by the officer in charge of the ship operation and the shore activity counterpart or brought to the attention of both COs for resolution. Affected ammunition and explosives operations shall be suspended until the conflict is resolved.

2-4.7. CONVENTIONAL ORDNANCE SAFETY REVIEW (COSR). NOSSAINST 8023.12 promulgates policies and procedures governing the implementation, execution and management of the

2-3


http://www.vnh.org/

http://www.vnh.org/






COSR. This instruction is applicable to Department of the Navy (DON) ships, submarines, Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships and Naval Fleet Auxiliary Fleet (NFAF) ships that stow and transport ammunition and explosives. This safety review is accomplished once during the ship’s Fleet Readiness Plan (FRP) by either NAVSEA/NOSSA, as appropriate, preferably before deployment and after an ordnance on-load. NOSSAINST 8023.12 provides a shipboard safety evaluation guide that is used for command self-assessment.

2-5. PRE-ARRIVAL OR ARRIVAL CONFERENCE. Prior to or upon arrival of a Navy ship at a pier or explosives anchorage for loading or offloading of ammunition and explosives, a conference shall be held to coordinate the responsibilities and handling procedures on the pier and onboard ship. The ship’s CO/Master or the designated OIC of the ordnance loading or unloading operation along with any other necessary ship’s personnel shall attend the conference.

2-6. DESIGNATION OF EXPLOSIVE HANDLING LOCATIONS. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only at locations specifically site-approved in accordance with OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series) or NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1.

2-6.1. AMMUNITION TERMINALS. CNO has designated certain Naval shore activities as ammunition terminals for issuing, loading and unloading ammunition and explosives to and from ships. Examples of ammunition terminals are explosives handling piers (piers used primarily for handling explosive cargo), scuttling sites, and explosives anchorages.

2-6.2. FLEET BALLISTIC MISSILE (FBM) SITES. CNO has designated certain Naval shore activities as FBM sites for supporting FBM submarines, including the handling of missiles. Presently, only Strategic Weapons Facility Atlantic (SWFLANT) and SWF Pacific (SWFPAC) serve as designated FBM sites.

2-6.3. EXPLOSIVES ANCHORAGES AND OTHER PERMITTED LOCATIONS. The Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, has designated explosives anchorages which are indicated on applicable harbor charts. The Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) must provide site approval in order for ships to conduct loading and offloading ammunition and explosives.

2-6.3.1. Explosives Anchorages. When practical, ammunition and explosives should be loaded or offloaded at a pier or wharf rather than at an explosives anchorage to minimize the hazards caused by wind, waves and swells between barge and ship. The regulations of many ports prohibit loading or offloading of ammunition and explosives while the ship is alongside wharves and piers. The Captain of the Port (COTP) assigns berths in established explosives anchorages for handling ammunition and explosives, and no ship shall occupy a berth without obtaining prior approval from the port authorities having jurisdiction. All port anchorage regulations must be observed during such operations and all port regulations concerning operations at a pier and wharf apply to loading and unloading operations at explosives anchorages. When ammunition and explosives are to be loaded or offloaded at explosives anchorages, the necessary lighters and motorized equipment are supplied by the Naval base commander. The command providing the barge or lighter and motorized equipment is responsible for assuring the barge or lighter and motorized equipment meets all requirements.

2-4



http://www.subasekb.navy.mil/disclaim.htm

http://www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/


2-6.3.2. Other Permitted Locations. CNO has also designated certain berths and locations at which ammunition and explosives required for training or replenishment may be transferred to or received from support ships by tenders. The ammunition and explosives handled will be limited to the type and quantity specifically permitted at each location, and to that transferred to, or received from, a single support ship. The quantity of ammunition and explosives handled will be governed by explosive limits and other regulatory provisions specified by each location. Replenishment and training ammunition may be issued to ships at CNO approved locations other than ammunition activities or explosives anchorages. Specific locations to handle ammunition and explosives must be either site-approved by the DDESB or granted a waiver or exemption by CNO. The loading and offloading of full shipboard ammunition allowances will be performed only at site approved Naval shore activities or explosives anchorages, except in cases of emergency. For additional guidance, refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for ship berthing and handling regulations. For CV/CVN ships, the preferred method for onloading and offloading the ship’s ammunition allowances and training ammunition is underway replenishment (UNREP) using the VERTREP and CONREP methods. Refer to paragraph 2-8 for Explosives Safety Quality-Distance (ESQD) requirements.

2-6.4. LIGHTERS AND BARGES. Lighters and barges are used for transporting or temporarily stowing ammunition and explosives. All barges and lighters used for the transport or temporary stowage of ammunition and explosives shall meet the requirements of NAVSEA SW020-AG-SAF-010. Ammunition and explosives shall be stowed aboard barges and lighters as described in NAVSEA OP 3221/TM 55-607, NAVSEA SW020-AG-SAF-010 and NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. Particular importance is given to regulations against rough handling of ammunition and explosives. It must be emphasized that even the least sensitive explosives may detonate if subjected to rough and improper handling. Therefore, utmost care shall be exercised when handling ammunition and explosives over the side.

2-6.5. SMALL BOATS AND CRAFT. Small boats are defined as all boats, including rigid inflatable boats (RIBs), rubber raiding craft, or craft that can be carried aboard another vessel or are trailerable. Refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for small boat and craft safety precautions during loading or unloading operations at piers or wharves. The movement of ammunition and explosives by small boats and craft is authorized provided the following criteria is met. Only small boats such as Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM), Landing Craft Utility (LCU), and Landing Craft Air Cushioned (LCAC), having approved secure-for-sea capabilities, a fire extinguisher, a suitable anchor and ground tackle, fog horn or bell, radio communications equipment, life jackets and other personal protective equipment (PPE) which special circumstances may dictate, will be authorized to transport ammunition and explosives. Safety at sea ordnance, such as signaling flares, may be stowed onboard for up to 90 days without compatibility restrictions provided they are stowed in secured locations. Rubber Raiding Craft Mk III and Mk V Special Operations Craft (SOC), RIBs, and other similar craft are not authorized for ordnance evolutions, except as part of training exercises or approved special operation missions where their use is specifically addressed in the written local procedures. The boat or craft shall carry a qualified crew. All personnel involved in the loading and unloading of ammunition and explosives shall be certified under the provisions of OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series) or appropriate Type Commander (TYCOM) QUAL/CERT instructions. Prior to any small boat or craft movement, an inspection will be made by the boat or craft officer and coxswain to ensure its readiness and reliability. The explosives compatibility requirements of table 3-3 shall be observed whenever possible. For landing force ammunition, the stowage compatibility requirements of table 3-4 apply. Other pier and wharf safety

2-5



requirements for small boat or craft loading and unloading operations are specified in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1.

2-6.6. HIGH SPEED VESSELS (HSV’S). Militarized versions of commercial High Speed Vessels (HSV’s) are currently being used by the Fleet. They are not built to the same standards as traditional combatant ships. Instead, they are constructed of lightweight materials, such as aluminum, which does not offer the same level of protection or survivability. Current HSV’s without sufficient magazine capacity may require an exemption or waiver, as addressed in paragraph 1-9, to carry Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP) ammunition in non-compliant, un-sprinkled below deck ready service lockers (RSL’s). Effective 2006, new HSV ship acquisitions will comply with all ordnance safety requirements described in chapter 5.

2-6.7. ROLL ON/ROLL OFF (RORO) VEHICLES. Ammunition and explosive material is often transported in trucks and trailers. When crossing bodies of water, it may become necessary to use vessels that are capable of retaining the integrity of a truck or trailers and its cargo such as barges, HSVs, literage, LCUs, LCMs and LCACs. Prior to conducting any Roll On/Roll Off (RORO) evolution, the sites being used for loading and offloading vehicles from a vessel will be required to have a DDESB explosive safety site approval. If the site does not have a the necessary site approval, the activity wishing to conduct the ammunition and explosive movement will request an ESQD event waiver using the process contained in paragraph 1-9.6.

2-7. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO). Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) hazards stem from the functional characteristics of electrically initiated devices (EIDs) commonly used in ordnance systems. EMR hazards are the result of absorption of electromagnetic energy by the firing circuitry of EIDs. EIDs can accidentally or unintentionally initiate when exposed to radio frequency (RF) environments resulting in a safety or reliability consequence/situation. In general, ordnance is most susceptible to RF environments during assembly, disassembly, handling, loading, and unloading. To minimize the risks associated with HERO, the requirements of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 must be strictly adhered to. This publication prescribes both general and specific HERO requirements, operating procedures and precautions for the safe handling, transporting and stowing of ordnance items and systems containing EIDs in order to prevent their premature initiation when the possibility of exposure to EMR exists. This publication also classifies and delineates all electrically initiated ordnance items and systems that have been evaluated for HERO. Such ordnance is classified as HERO SAFE, HERO SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO UNSAFE/UNRELIABLE. It further establishes the safe separation distance between HERO SUSCEPTIBLE and HERO UNSAFE/UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE, and various types of RF emitters, provides the means to calculate the RF environment, understand and apply the operational HERO requirements and develop the HERO Emissions control (EMCON) bill. Any ordnance that is damaged or not in its approved packaging should only be handled when the highest EMCON Level required for that device is set in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2. The HERO EMCON bill is a set of directions for implementing HERO restrictions on ships and shore stations. Its purpose is to prescribe, through advanced planning the easiest most efficient method of managing the conflict between the electromagnetic environment (EME) created by high-power transmitting equipment and HERO classified ordnance. Additionally, NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 provides the procedures for requesting a HERO survey.

2-6


2-8. EXPLOSIVES SAFETY QUANTITY-DISTANCE (ESQD) REQUIREMENTS. ESQD standards, requirements and methods of calculation are issued by the Secretary of Defense. NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 documents these requirements and mandates that wherever ammunition and explosives are handled by, stored by, or are under the supervision of the Department of Navy (DON), such ammunition and explosives, must be maintained at certain minimum distances from inhabited buildings, passenger railroads, public highways, ships, lighters, and any other facilities or property. Specific ESQD standards for combatant, cargo, amphibious warfare ammunition and explosives, and logistic movements are provided below.

2-8.1. COMBATANT AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Ammunition and explosives in static stowage within ship’s magazines and intended for the service of shipboard armament, embarked aircraft, or for an embarked unit’s specific mission are exempt from ESQD requirements. This is known or referred to as the "combatant" exemption. This exemption is applicable to U.S. and foreign military vessels providing on board ammunition and explosives meets the aforementioned criteria. No handling of ammunition and explosives shall be conducted outside the skin of the ship. If handling of ordnance is required, applicable explosives safety criteria applies and the ship’s Weapon Officer shall comply with the approved explosives safety siting for the amount of exposed Net Explosive Weight (NEW). For ESQD purposes, ammunition and explosives are considered:

2-8.1.1. Secure.

(1) The ammunition or explosives is below an open deck or positioned behind the outer skin of the ship and is not being handled. For CV, CVN, LHA and LHD, the hangar deck of the ship is considered behind the skin of the ship when all aircraft elevator doors are fully closed.

(2) The missiles being loaded into VLS tubes/cells, or above deck canisters are inserted into the launcher and the loading adapter or hook is removed, whether or not the missile is entirely within the launchers.

2-8.1.2. Not Secure.

(1) Ammunition and explosives are being transferred to/from the ship. The total NEW is computed as the amount of exposed ammunition.

(2) If any SSBN missile hatch is open for any operation related directly to the missile (i.e., loading or maintenance), the missiles are not considered secured and the total NEW of all missiles onboard must be applied for ESQD calculations.

(3) If an SSGN missile hatch is opened in support of a missile onload or offload, the total NEW will be computed as the number of exposed missiles in that tube [Multiple All-Up-Round Canister (MAC)] and any exposed ordnance. If more than one missile hatch is open at the same time, then the NEW will be accumulative.

2-8.2. CARGO AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Cargo ammunition and explosives also includes all bulk ammunition and explosives carried by Combat Logistics Force (CLF), MSC, Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) ships, commercial ships, and

2-7

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/support.htm

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/support.htm

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/msc.htm

http://www.msc.navy.mil/PM3/mpf.asp


tenders, even though the ammunition is stowed in approved magazines. It also includes all ammunition or explosives carried or intended to be carried onboard any ship and stowed in locations other than approved magazine spaces, launchers, or ready-service lockers. All cargo ammunition and explosives are subject to ESQD requirements regardless of where the ship is located and whether or not it is being handled. Ammunition and explosives carried by these ships, which is intended only for use by the ship’s own installed weapons systems and it is stowed in approved magazines, is not considered to be cargo ammunition. The following requirements apply to ships carrying cargo ammunition and explosives:

a. All cargo ammunition and explosives shall be loaded in compliance with the compatibility requirements detailed in paragraph 3-13.2.2 or special instructions of CNO and CO, NOSSA.

b. Ships shall be berthed so that the ESQD standards of NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 are met. When in foreign ports, ships must also meet the applicable requirements of the host government if these requirements are more stringent and an appropriate international agreement makes compliance with the host country's requirements mandatory.

c. When the ship's damage control (DC) capabilities are fully functional, welding, burning, or other hot work can be conducted only when one intervening compartment not containing ammunition and explosives separates such shops or spaces from cargo or ship's magazine spaces which contain ammunition and explosives, and is approved in writing by the ship’s CO/Master. Additionally, hot work may be performed on top-side spaces and areas as long as the one-intervening-compartment rule is not violated and the area under consideration for hot work is above the main deck. Refer to paragraph 2-23.5 for specific hot work safety requirements.

d. When a waiver has been issued to allow a deviation from ESQD requirements, there shall be no impairment of the ship's normal security and DC capability, and no internal shifting of cargo or ship's ammunition is to be undertaken, unless at an ammunition terminal or an explosives anchorage.

e. All ammunition spaces are to be inspected at least daily.

f. At every port providing berthing for loaded ammunition ships, Senior Officer Present Afloat (SOPA) instructions shall contain a detailed plan for actions to be taken in an emergency which may involve or affect the ship. This plan shall include specific details for coordination between the ship and the support activity concerning required services, tugs, supplemental firefighting equipment, changes in the ship's DC or firefighting status, etc. It shall also contain specific actions to be carried out in order to handle any foreseeable emergency or contingency.

g. Consistent with deployment schedules and readiness conditions set by higher authority, CLF ships with cargo ammunition onboard may completely secure their engineering plants under the following conditions:

(1) Prior concurrence has been obtained per local SOPA instructions and from the CO of the activity providing the cold iron berth.

(2) The berth used is equipped with all required services: steam, power adequate to operate all sensing, alarm, and firefighting systems, and water in adequate supply and at proper pressure.

2-8



(3) Fire and security departments of the shore activity involved are notified 24 hours prior to securing the engineering plant.

(4) The ship’s DC capabilities are maintained fully operable with required water pressure maintained on fire mains at all times, and emergency generators and fire pumps capable of immediate and full operation.

(5) Handling of ammunition and explosives, either cargo or ship’s service allowance, is authorized only if the cold iron berth is at an ammunition terminal. The CO of the ammunition terminal is authorized to permit onloading or offloading of cargo ammunition while the ship is on cold iron status if all other applicable safety requirements can be met.

(6) The ship is located in such a manner as to provide for a safe and expeditious departure, if necessary. If nested, it must be the outboard ship. An adequate number of properly trained personnel, as mutually agreed on by the CO/Master of the ship and the CO, COTP or Harbor Master of the shore activity involved, are readily available for handling mooring lines and disconnecting pier services for such departure. The proper hawsers must be rigged so that they are readily accessible for tug use without the ship’s assistance. At night, these hawsers are to be illuminated.

(7) At least one tug shall be available as detailed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 in case of an emergency.

2-8.3. AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ESQD REQUIREMENTS. Landing force ammunition consists of Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM), Naval Support Element (NSE) and training ammunition. It is carried aboard Amphibious Warfare (AW) class ships in designated stowage spaces, as described in NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010, in support of the ship’s mission and is exempt from ESQD requirements when the following criteria is met.

a. At every port providing berthing for AW ships with landing force ammunition aboard, SOPA instructions shall contain a detailed plan for actions to be taken in the event of an emergency which may involve or affect the ship. This plan shall include specific details for coordination between the ship and the support activity concerning required services, tugs, supplemental firefighting equipment, changes in the status of the ship’s DC or firefighting status, etc. It shall also contain specific actions to be carried out in order to handle any foreseeable emergency or contingency.

b. All ammunition spaces are to be inspected at least daily.

c. The ammunition or explosives is below an open deck or positioned behind the outer skin of the ship and is not being handled. The hangar deck of the ship is considered behind the skin of the ship when all aircraft elevator doors, well deck stern ramps, or cargo sideport doors are fully closed.

d. In order to achieve appropriate segregation of landing force ammunition, fire-retardant plywood partitions, fabricated in accordance with MIL-L-19140, shall be used as specified in paragraph 3-13.2.3.a.

2-9


e. If the ship is to secure their engineering plant, the above requirements remain in effect. Additionally:

(1) Fire and security departments of the shore activity involved are to be notified at least 24 hours in advance of securing the engineering plant.

(2) The ship’s DC capabilities are to be maintained fully operable, with standard pressure maintained on fire mains at all times. Emergency generators and fire pumps will be capable of immediate and full operation.

2-8.4. LOGISTICS MOVEMENTS OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES AT SHORE ACTIVITIES. NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 details specific regulations for handling ammunition and explosives at all locations worldwide that have been approved for such operations. Deviations from these requirements are only authorized by CNO when they are in the national interest on the basis of operational necessity and for the purpose of maintaining readiness of Naval units. All Squadron and Group Commanders, TYCOM’s, and other operational commanders will, in planning their operational schedules, consider the ammunition transfer requirements of the units under their control and allow adequate time to permit assigned units to transfer ammunition at authorized locations. Every request by Naval units to receive or discharge ammunition and explosives, in any quantity, is to be reviewed by the next senior authority (Squadron or Group Commander, or task force commander, as appropriate) to determine whether the requirements may be deferred until the operation schedule will permit the evolution to take place at an ammunition terminal, an explosives anchorage or at sea. Guidance as to the requirements for approval of ammunition handling in other than established locations is contained in OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series).

2-9. BRAVO FLAG DISPLAY. A red (Bravo) flag shall be prominently displayed by all ships and craft engaged in ammunition and explosives loading or unloading operations. Also, a Bravo flag shall be prominently displayed by all barges, lighters, and other craft while they are loaded with or are transporting ammunition and explosives. At night, a red light shall be used in place of the Bravo flag. Tugs towing lighters or barges which are transporting ordnance and all ships, barges, or other craft engaged in loading or offloading ordnance shall show lights as required by local regulations in inland waters.

2-10. APPROVED AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS. Only ammunition explosives and weapons approved by CNO (N41) are authorized for transport or use aboard U.S. Navy or U.S. Navy chartered ships. The following regulations apply to Naval, foreign and U.S. joint service ammunition:

a. Naval Ammunition. Approved Naval ammunition will be provided in shipboard allowance lists (i.e., 30,000 Series Allowance List, Navy Small Arms Equipment Allowance List). Items required for test and evaluation will be approved for use aboard ship by the Weapons System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB).

b. Foreign Ammunition. Any foreign produced ordnance that is currently in the Navy catalogue and assigned a NALC/DODIC may be stowed, transported or used aboard Navy vessels with TYCOM

2-10



approval. Any ordnance not catalogued or assigned a NALC/DODIC requires CNO (N41) approval prior to stowage, transport or use.

c. U.S. Joint Service Ammunition. Any Army, Air Force, Special Operations Command (SOCOM), or Coast Guard procured ordnance that has an assigned DODIC may be stowed and transported aboard Navy vessels with Service and TYCOM approval. Any ordnance item not having an assigned NALC or DODIC will require CNO (N41) approval prior to stowage or being transported. Any ordnance item not listed in the Navy Ammunition Catalogue requires CNO (N41) approval prior to use aboard a Navy vessel.

2-10.1. APPROVED PACKAGING FOR AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND RELATED HAZARDOUS MATERIAL. Ammunition, explosives and related hazardous materials (HAZMAT) shall be shipped and stored in approved containers and in accordance with standard unitization and conveyance loading procedures. Shipping and storage configurations for Navy approved ammunition items are listed in NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010. The ammunition items listed in this technical manual have been determined to meet Navy and DOD transportation and stowage safety regulations. Other applicable DOT regulations include 49 CFR Parts 100-178 and 301-399, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions. The Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center located at Naval Weapons Station Earle, Colts Neck, NJ is the cognizant activity responsible for establishing packaging design and test requirements, and approving the shipping configuration for Naval ammunition, explosives and related HAZMAT. The packaging approval process verifies the adequacy of the shipping configuration to meet the life cycle logistical characteristics of each item. The process also ensures compliance with Navy and DOD safety and security requirements, and all applicable federal and international HAZMAT transport regulations.

2-10.2. PRIVATELY OWNED AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS. Stowage of privately owned weapons is permitted aboard ship only when specifically approved in writing by the ship’s CO/Master. Privately owned weapons are subject to the security requirements of OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series). Privately owned ammunition and explosives, which includes morale, welfare and recreation (MWR) ammunition, are not authorized aboard ship.

2-10.3. COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES. Commercial explosives or commercially-manufactured and explosive-containing devices not controlled or owned by the United States Armed Forces shall not be handled, stowed or shipped by Naval units without prior approval of CNO (N41). Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) items which are required to maintained aboard ships under MSC control are exempt from this requirement. Refer to 46 CFR 199.60 and 199.170. These items shall not be stowed with Navy ammunition.

2-10.4. SMALL ARMS WEAPONS STOWAGE WITH AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Ready-for-issue (RFI) small arms weapons and related ammunition required for the readiness of the ship’s security/anti-terrorism response team, including armed helicopters when so assigned, may be stowed together. Only the minimum essential quantity of ammunition required to sustain watchstanders until replenishment can be provided may be stowed with these weapons. Security for and accountability of these weapons and ammunition shall comply with OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series).

2-11

http://hazmat.dot.gov/imdg.htm

http://hazmat.dot.gov/imdg.htm

http://www.icao.int/








2-10.5. SIMULATORS. For surface combatants ships with VLS capability, no simulators of any type will be mixed with live ordnance except during highly controlled special test and evaluation scenarios as approved by the WSESRB.

2-11. PHYSICAL SECURITY FOR ARMS, AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. The policy and requirements for the physical security of arms, ammunition, and explosives are contained in OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series). Every effort shall be followed to prevent ammunition and explosives from falling into unauthorized hands during loading, offloading and stowage operations.

2-12. RECORD KEEPING. Ammunition records must be maintained on each item of ammunition to facilitate complete identification of the item, its current location, and stowage history. These records shall be kept in accordance with procedures outlined in NAVSUP Publication P-724.

2-13. PRIOR TO USE INSPECTION OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Most ammunition and explosives are received and stowed in their shipping and storage containers. When containers are opened, the ammunition and explosives shall be inspected to the degree possible to assure that it matches the container identification markings and it is not damaged or deteriorated. Ammunition and explosives must also be inspected in accordance with the appropriate technical manual.

2-14. THERMALLY PROTECTED AMMUNITION. Certain Navy ammunition exists in both thermally protected (TP) and non-thermally protected (NTP) configurations. The TP version is more resistant to the heat developed during a fuel fire and provides increased time until cook off. If a weapon is available in both the TP and NTP configurations, only the TP version is to be operationally employed aboard ships with flight decks. If a weapon exists only in the NTP version, it may be operationally employed aboard ships with flight decks.

2-15. MODIFICATION OR ALTERNATION OF AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS. Modification or alteration of ammunition or explosives is not authorized without specific approval of NAVSEASYSCOM, NAVAIRSYSCOM, or Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC). No weapons are authorized to be loaded on Naval tactical and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft for employment without a NAVAIRSYSCOM approved flight clearance.

2-16. UNAUTHORIZED USE OF AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND WEAPONS SYSTEMS. Ammunition and explosives shall be used only in conjunction with the weapon system for which it was designed. No weapon system shall be used for a purpose other than that for which it was designed. All air-launched ordnance must have a NAVAIRSYSCOM approved flight clearance.

2-17. SHIP REPAIRS AND AVAILABILITY. The following requirements apply to ships undergoing repairs, overhauls, or availabilities.

2-17.1. OFFLOADING AMMUNITION. Units afloat scheduled for an availability period in excess of 45 days shall be completely offloaded of all ammunition, except for that quantity of small arms ammunition which the ship’s CO/Master considers to be required for maintaining security aboard ship. Other exceptions are inert ordnance items such as bomb fins and training shapes, and those pyrotechnic items inherent to lifeboats or life rafts. All cargo ammunition and explosives must always be offloaded prior to drydock, except in emergency situations.

2-12



2-17.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR DECISION TO OFFLOAD. Table 2-1 provides requirements for the offloading of ammunition by ships entering a drydock.

2-17.3. RETAINING AMMUNITION ONBOARD. When undergoing an availability or repair for a period of less than 45 days, or for a period of greater than 45 days not in a commercial or Naval shipyard or Ship Repair Facility (SRF) such as by tenders and availabilities at Naval Station (NAVSTA) piers, units afloat may retain ammunition onboard as authorized on a case-by-case basis by the CO of the repair facility, the cognizant naval supervisor of shipbuilding (SUPSHIP) and the Numbered Fleet Commander. However, the following requirements must be met:

a. A strong operational requirement must exist, and must be justified by the TYCOM to the Numbered Fleet Commander, with information provided to SUPSHIP. Certification shall include the basis upon which the determination was made that a strong operational requirement exists. A complete inventory list, NEW, and location of ammunition which is retained onboard shall be provided to the SUPSHIP.

b. When a ship is scheduled to enter a commercial shipyard, and approval has been granted to allow ammunition to be retained onboard, the U.S. COTP within whose jurisdiction the shipyard is located shall be provided with the name and hull number of the ship, and the types and quantities of ammunition remaining onboard. In cases where no COTP office exists, the cognizant Coast Guard District Commander shall be notified. SUPSHIP’s shall establish procedures necessary to implement this requirement.

c. Concurrence of the activity (i.e., Shipyard/NAVSTA) commander, who shall determine the acceptability of the hazard to the facilities and personnel by evaluating the work to be done, spaces involved, and security and damage control capabilities maintained onboard during the availability or repair period.

Table 2-1. Guidance for Offloading Ammunition Before Drydocking

REASON FOR REPAIR OR AVAILABILITY AMMUNITION OFFLOADING REQUIREMENT

Emergency (anticipated repair is less than 45 days) - no hot work required in vicinity of magazines, launchers, or missile tubes.

Offload is not required.

Emergency (anticipated repair is less than 45 days) - hot work is required in vicinity of or adjacent to magazines, launchers, or missile tubes.

Offload is required if at all feasible. A transfer to another shipboard stowage area is acceptable. If neither is possible, an event waiver is required.

Refer to paragraph 1-9.6 for guidance.

Scheduled Maintenance - duration less than 6 weeks. Offload is not required except as specified in

paragraph 2-17.3. If hot work is required in vicinity of magazines, launchers, or missile tubes, then offload, move, or obtain CNO event waiver.

Scheduled Maintenance - duration of 6 weeks or longer. Offload is required. See paragraph 2-17.1.

2-13


d. The activity commander shall be advised immediately of any change in plans or schedules of work to be accomplished during the restricted availability and shall be given the opportunity to disapprove when this creates unacceptable hazards. The cognizant industrial manager of a commercial shipyard serves the same functions as those required of the Navy activity commander.

e. Within the activity, a location shall be selected for the ship which provides as much separation as possible from concentrations of personnel and valuable structures, including other ships, and from fire hazard or explosion hazard locations. The ship must not be exposed to any avoidable fire or other hazardous condition within the ship, on shore, on the dock, or in other ships, lighters, or craft.

f. All ammunition retained onboard must be stowed in sprinkler-protected spaces. All ammunition and explosives will be removed from ready-service locations, gun mounts, weapons, and launchers. SEASPARROW, STANDARD, HARPOON, Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) and TOMAHAWK missiles may remain in their launchers provided the launchers remain closed. Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Torpedoes in weather deck mounted Mk 32 Torpedo Tubes should be downloaded to magazine stowage. For cases where the Mk 32 Torpedo Tubes are located in the torpedo magazine, the requirement to download the Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Torpedoes from these torpedo tubes does not apply. In all cases, pressure will be removed from the Mk 32 Torpedo Tube air flask. No test or maintenance involving live ordnance shall be conducted when weapons are in their launchers or torpedoes tubes.

g. The safety requirements for hot work discussed in paragraph 2-23.5 are met.

h. Activity emergency services, including fire, security, safety, and medical organizations are notified that ammunition remains onboard.

i. The ship’s fire prevention and DC organizations shall be fully effective at all times throughout the availability period.

j. Ships undergoing repairs, overhaul or availabilities that cannot meet the requirements of paragraphs 2-17.1 and 2-17.3 must request an event waiver from CNO in accordance with paragraph 1-9.6.

2-17.4. MOVEMENT OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES IN A SHIPYARD OR SHIP REPAIR FACILITY (SRF). There shall be no stowing, restowing, testing, sampling, onloading, or offloading of ammunition and explosives while the ship is in the availability or repair period. There shall be no handling of ammunition and explosives, except as required for the arming of guards to maintain security or the removal or replacement of pyrotechnics in ready-service lockers, lifeboats or life rafts, and security and safety-at-sea items addressed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1. The movement of ammunition and explosives in a shipyard or SRF shall be in accordance with paragraphs 2-4.6 and 2-5 of this manual, NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 and written local procedures.

2-18. SAFETY INTERLOCKS. Safety interlocks for equipment (e.g., weapons elevators) or weapon systems (e.g., Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), NATO SEASPARROW, RAM) must be maintained in proper working order. They shall only be used in accordance with approved written operating procedures. Interlocks shall be inspected frequently, and if rendered inoperative, they shall be marked

2-14


with signs or tags to warn personnel of the fact that the safety device has been temporarily overridden. Refer to the tag-out program requirements found in NAVSEA SO400-AD-URM-010/TUM. Safety interlocks for equipment or systems shall not be altered, bypassed, or made permanently inoperative unless specifically approved by NAVSEASYSCOM.

NOTE

In cases where operational necessity dictates the use of a system without interlocks, the ship’s CO/Master will request permission to do so from the operational commander. In those cases where the operational commander authorizes the request, information copies of this authorization shall be provided to CNO (N41), CO, NOSSA, NAVSEASYSCOM and other commands in the operational chain of command deemed appropriate.

2-19. SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES. Appropriate accident prevention signs, such as warnings, cautions, etc., and safety precautions shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of the meaning and intent of all accident prevention signs and safety precautions. Refer to appendix D for the appropriate signs, placards, hazard markings and label plates.

2-20. SAFE AREAS FOR ON-DECK OBSERVERS DURING SCHEDULED ORDNANCE LAUNCHES. The primary personnel safety concerns during scheduled missile or rocket launches are fragmentation, toxic gas, and noise. Ordnance launches are hazardous, and in order to minimize risk, the following requirements apply when selecting locations for on-deck observers.

a. The area for on-deck observers shall be chosen to maximize the distance of the observers from the launcher. Under no circumstances shall observers be allowed in defined missile blast areas.

b. The area for on-deck observers shall be chosen to avoid direct line-of-sight to the launcher. For example, during a forward launching, personnel located on the fantail will be protected to a degree by the deckhouse.

c. For VLS launches, no observers shall be permitted on the weather decks.

d. Relative winds must be considered to avoid exposure to toxic gas.

e. All top-side observers shall wear hearing protection as described in OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series).

2-21. AUTHORIZED MAINTENANCE OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES. Fleet organizational and intermediate level maintenance tasks authorized to be performed on ammunition and explosives afloat are identified in the Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program (NOMMP) described in OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series) and governing SYSCOM technical manuals. Maintenance does not include handling operations, loading and firing operations, or EOD operations. On submarines, while performing authorized maintenance on loaded VLS missiles in VLS tubes, no ESQD is created so long as the ordnance is secured within the ship as addressed in paragraph 2-8.1.

2-15






2-21.1. GENERAL MAINTENANCE REGULATIONS. The maintenance of ammunition and explosives is subject to the following requirements:

a. Authorized ammunition and explosives maintenance shall be conducted in the controlled environment of a magazine or surface missile launcher, but limited maintenance may be conducted in designated handling areas prior to the return of the weapon to the dedicated magazine stowage. Aircraft rocket assembly or disassembly is prohibited in below deck magazines. For submarines, authorized weapon preventive and corrective maintenance using organizational, intermediate or depot level maintenance procedures or MRCs may be performed in the torpedo room/torpedo tube or the VLS missile launcher to ensure torpedoes and missiles are serviceable or to prepare them for offload/transfer.

b. Applicable written procedures for the maintenance to be performed must be followed.

c. Weapon Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming using Common Munitions BIT Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) or Common Field Level Memory Reprogramming Equipment (CFMRE) shall be conducted in the locations specified in paragraph 7-11.2.

d. The minimum amount of ammunition and explosives shall be present during maintenance operations.

e. The maintenance operation must not result in the mechanical alignment of or the application of voltage to an arming, firing or ignition device.

f. Aerosol paints and sprays should not be stowed in magazines.

2-21.2. PERMISSIBLE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT. If a tool or piece of equipment is specifically prescribed in a technical manual for the performance of a maintenance task, only that tool or equipment may be used. Improvised or unauthorized tools or equipment shall not be used. The following restrictions apply to the use of tools and equipment with ammunition and explosives:

a. When performing maintenance, assembly, disassembly, inspection, test or ammunition handling that is specifically described in a technical manual, only those tools and equipment specified in that ammunition technical manual may be used. Examples are lifting adapters, torque wrenches, electronic test equipment, etc.

b. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn for the specific maintenance task as described in OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series).

c. Guidance governing the use of electrically powered tools and maintenance equipment are specified in paragraph 7-2.

d. Battery operated laptop computers are authorized for use in magazines when ammunition and explosives are present with the following restrictions:

(1) The device shall be certified to meet Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Class B limits.

2-16



(2) Maintain a separation distance of 10 feet (3 meters) between any FCC Class B digital device and HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE.

(3) The device shall operate on batteries alone and shall not be connected to power, via power cord. Batteries shall not be changed in the magazine.

e. Cellular phones, active pagers and other RF transmitting devices are prohibited in magazines and handling areas, unless the appropriate safe separation distances in NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 are followed.

2-22. EMERGENCY DRILLS. When ammunition and explosives handling operations are in progress, emergency drills requiring the use of the general alarm system, ship’s bell or whistle shall not be conducted onboard ship while moored to a pier connected with a Naval shore activity unless specific approval for such drills has been granted by the CO of the Naval shore activity. Further, such emergency drills shall not be conducted by ships nested together or at a pier where ammunition handling operations are in progress, or by a ship conducting UNREP operations.

2-23. FIREFIGHTING AND PREVENTION. An adequate fire party as defined by the ship’s local operating procedures, approved by the CO/Master, shall be maintained onboard at all times when carrying ordnance or explosives. Fire alarm systems and firefighting equipment shall be installed at appropriate locations and maintained in operating condition. Alarm systems defined in paragraph 5-4.3, shall be constantly monitored. NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 provides the description, operation and maintenance requirements for magazine sprinkling systems, including detailed information on system components, controls, and tests and inspections. A complete discussion of firefighting equipment and procedures aboard surface ships are contained in NSTM S9086-S3-STM-010/CH-555; for submarines, refer to NSTM S9086-S3-STM-020/CH-555; and for aircraft hangar and flight deck firefighting, refer to NAVAIR 00-80R-14. All personnel assigned to the aircraft crash and salvage crews and to ship’s fire parties shall be instructed in the specific hazards and techniques involved in fighting fires where ordnance is involved.

2-23.1. FIREFIGHTING. In case of fire in areas containing ammunition or explosives, the following actions shall be taken:

a. Report the fire and request assistance.

b. Initiate firefighting procedures immediately.

c. Clear the area of all unauthorized personnel not operating firefighting equipment.

d. Before entering any space where smoke or fumes are present, the proper protective clothing, including Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA) or Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) as approved for use with the involved materiel, shall be worn.

e. Cool explosive assemblies with a deluge of water to prevent them from igniting or detonating.

2-23.2. INOPERABLE OR DEACTIVATED SPRINKLING SYSTEMS. When a magazine sprinkling system, including associated alarms such as circuit FH sprinkler alarms, has been temporarily

2-17


deactivated or becomes inoperable where ammunition and explosives are present, the space shall be manned or a fire watch posted until the system has been repaired and returned to operational condition. In addition, the system shall be tagged out of service in accordance with local governing instructions.

2-23.3. ONLOADING OR OFFLOADING OPERATIONS. Prior to loading or offloading ammunition and explosives, either at a shore activity, anchorage, or underway, all fire main systems must be operating properly. For submarines in port, if the trim system (fire main) must be tagged out of service for essential repairs, a temporary fire fighting system must be used from topside to below decks. In this case a pierside or topside water source (fire hydrant or portable pump) capable of providing a minimum of 200 gallons per minute (GPM), to two hose lines with a minimum residual nozzle pressure of 60 psi for each operating hoseline, is authorized for use. Where portable pump(s) provide firefighting water supply, the pump(s) shall be tested prior to daily use. Fire hoses or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) hoses shall be laid out, or AFFF hose reels manned ready for use in the immediate area of operations such that at least single-hose coverage is provided for all points along the weapons handling path. These hoses shall not cross damage control and fire boundaries and may be uncharged. At a minimum, each hose shall be manned by a nozzleman and two hosemen using Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) or sea water fire hoses. When loading or offloading submarines, the assigned nozzleman and hosemen may be part of the handling team and one of the hosemen will be the plugman. Where a Seawater Sprinkling System, designed in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010, is installed, manning of the manual control station may be used in place of fire hose coverage. Where an overhead AFFF system is installed manning of the control station may be used in place of fire hose coverage provided all aircraft cockpits in the applicable AFFF sprinkler zone are closed.

2-23.4. USE OF FLAME-, HEAT-, OR SPARK-PRODUCING DEVICES. Flame-, heat-, or spark-producing devices shall not be permitted where ammunition and explosives are located. Cigarette lighters, heaters, fires, welding tools, soldering irons, except as noted in paragraph 2-23.5a, cutting torches and uncovered lights are examples of such devices. Before beginning work in an explosive area requiring the use of flame-, heat-, or spark-producing devices, all ammunition and explosives must be removed and the area thoroughly cleaned. Once the work is accomplished, the area will again be cleaned before the ammunition and explosives are replaced. In addition, the precautions given in the following paragraph for hot work onboard a ship shall be observed.

2-23.5. HOT WORK. The following hot work precautions shall be observed aboard ship:

a. Within the ship, no hot work of any type will be performed in any space containing ammunition and explosives, except as noted in paragraph 2-23.5.1. Further, no hot work shall be performed in or on any space adjacent to, directly above, or directly below a space containing ammunition and explosives, as shown in figure 2-1, except as follows:

(1) After the Weapons/Ordnance Handling Officer (OHO) and the Officer of the Deck (OOD) have been notified.

(2) If the work area is adjacent to, (i.e., on the same level as and sharing a bulkhead with, another explosives area), hot work may be performed on the bulkhead furthest removed from the bulkhead shared with the space containing ammunition. Hot work may be performed on the overhead, deck and bulkheads at locations no less than 5 feet from the shared structural or nonstructural bulkhead.

2-18


(3) In spaces directly below the explosive area, hot work may be performed on the deck and bulkheads at locations no less than 5 feet from the overhead as shown in figure 2-1. No hot work is permitted in spaces directly above an explosives area.

b. Hot work may be performed in other spaces in the vicinity of the explosives area, unless the above considerations prevent doing so. If hot work is required and these criteria cannot be met prior to entering the shipyard or SRF, the explosives and other hazardous materials (HAZMAT) must be offloaded or moved to another magazine, if compatible stowage is available. For hot work on external parts of the ship, these requirements may be waived by the shipyard or SRF commander provided safety precautions are taken and the work is not performed on a magazine boundary.

c. During normal ship upkeep periods outside the shipyard or SRF, the restrictions on hot work specified in this paragraph shall also apply, except that authorized hot work on the exterior of the ship, not involving magazine boundaries, shall be coordinated between the ship and the Naval shore activities commanders.

d. If the performance of hot work is necessary which will violate the preceding restrictions, or which will involve a magazine boundary, it may be authorized by the Fleet Commander on a one-time case basis. Such violations must be required by urgent operational necessity, as certified by the TYCOM. Requests for waiver of hot work restriction requirements will be submitted, via the TYCOM, in accordance with paragraph 1-9.1. Such requests must cite the location and nature of the work, the distance to the nearest compartment containing ammunition or explosives, and the special safety precautions proposed for the performance of hot work. The TYCOM will certify operational necessity for the hot work to be conducted in a message to the appropriate Fleet Commanders, who will then act upon the request. These waivers are considered canceled when the short-term evolution for which they were issued is completed.

e. Additional safety precautions that are described in NSTM S9086-CH-STM-010, -020 and -030/CH-074 shall be observed for any hot work in a ship.

2-19

NA

VS

EA

OP

4 EIG

HT

H R

EV

ISIO

N

2-20

FIGURE 2-1. Permissible and Non-Permissible Hot Work Areas.


2-23.5.1. VLS Launchers (Surface Ships). As an exception to the hot work restrictions described in paragraph, soldering with 50 watts or less than rated soldering irons is authorized on VLS launchers aboard surface ships and is not considered hot work.

2-23.5.2. Submarine Requirements. In addition to the hot work restrictions described in paragraph 2-23.5, the following additional restrictions apply aboard submarines. When ordnance is located in the torpedo room, it is considered a magazine. When all ordnance is offloaded from the torpedo room, with the exception of torpedoes, missiles and mines in the tubes, only the torpedo tube is considered a magazine. Welding in the area of loaded submarine vertical launch missile or torpedo tubes shall conform to the following safety requirements:

a. A firewatch shall be posted at the welding site throughout all phases of the operation.

b. Prior to commencement of hot work, the submarine’s weapons officer shall verify the safety of the intended operations and shall ensure that a person from the submarine weapons department who is knowledgeable of these requirements is present to monitor these operations.

c. Welding shall be in accordance with NAVSEA T9074-AD-GIB-010 or with NSTM S9086-CH-STM-010/CH-074.

2-24. SMALL ARMS RANGES ABOARD SHIP. NAVSEA SW370-AH-11N-010 provides guidance on the installation and operation of small arm ranges on some, but not all, ship classes.

2-25. INERT DISPLAY ORDNANCE. Display ordnance items shall not contain any explosive material or any other hazardous components such as batteries, high pressure vessels, or other devices such as spring high tension assemblies which may injure personnel. The requirements for inerting ammunition are detailed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1.

2-25.1. CERTIFICATION AND CONTROL. Display ordnance that has had the explosive material removed and left empty or replaced with inert material shall be certified inert. Display ordnance shall be certified by qualified and certified EOD personnel. As a minimum, the following data shall be recorded:

a. Item description.

b. Assigned serial number.

c. Certifying official’s name.

d. Date certified.

e. Method by which the item was determined inert.

f. Item location.

g. Disposition.

2-21


2-25.2. RECORD FORM. Figure 2-2 is an example of a record of certification and identification form that may be used for recording this data.

2-26. DROPPED OR DAMAGED ORDNANCE. Dropped or damaged ordnance shall be inspected immediately in accordance with the applicable maintenance requirement card (MRC), technical manual or inspected by EOD personnel. They shall not be moved or handled until the safety determination has been made, unless not moving the ammunition or explosive increases the risk of further mishap.

2-27. DISPOSAL OF ORDNANCE AT SEA. Ordnance shall not be disposed of at sea by any Navy ship or Naval aircraft without CNO approval, as outlined in OPNAVINST 5090.1 (series), unless an emergency exists. If possible, emergency jettison shall be accomplished in water in excess of 50 fathoms or 300 feet. Record and mark the location of any disposal. Ordnance which has deteriorated or been damaged so that it constitutes a hazard shall be rendered safe, recovered, or disposed of by EOD personnel only, as outlined in OPNAVINST 8027.6 (series). Any ordnance which cannot be specifically identified shall only be handled by EOD personnel. In the absence of EOD personnel, ordnance shall be jettisoned overboard in potential emergency situations.

2-28. MISHAP REPORTING. Reporting explosive mishaps and conventional ordnance discrepancies is essential to the DON explosive safety program. Prompt submission of explosive mishap reports (EMR), explosive event reports (EER) and conventional ordnance discrepancy reports (CODR) is required in accordance with OPNAVINST 5102.1 (series). OPNAVINST 3750.6 (series) provides the policy and procedures for reporting aviation related flight mishaps. If ordnance is involved in such mishaps, a report submitted in accordance with OPNAVINST 5102.1 (series) and OPNAVINST 3100.6 (series) may also be required.

2-22








NA

VS

EA

OP

4 EIG

HT

H R

EV

ISIO

N

2-23/(2-24 Blank)

CATIONDISPOSITIONDOCUMENTNUMBERS

FIGURE 2-2. Record of Certification and Identification (Example)

RECORD OF CERTIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION

COMMAND

DESCRIPTIONDODIC/NALC

NSNSER NO.

NAMECERTIFYING

OFFICIAL

SIGNATURECERTIFYING

OFFICIALDATE CERTIFIED

METHOD OFCERTIFICATION

ITEM LO



CHAPTER 3

HANDLING AND STOWAGE

3-1. GENERAL. This chapter provides the general regulations and responsibilities for the handling and stowage of ammunition and explosives afloat. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled and stowed carefully to prevent shock, friction, or damage that may cause a fire, explosion, or performance failure. The majority of explosive mishaps occur during the handling of ordnance and are caused by carelessness, inadequate supervision, and failure to follow procedures. In addition to the safety precautions prescribed in this chapter, table 3-1 identifies the regulatory documentation relating to the handling and stowage of cargo ammunition aboard specific ships that must be followed to ensure and promote a safe explosives safety program.

Table 3-1. Cargo Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation

NAVSEA Documentation Number Title Applicable Ships

OP 3206 (3 Volumes) Handling and Stowage of Naval Ordnance Aboard Ammunition Ships

Military Sealift Command (MSC)

OP 3696 Explosive Safety Precautions for Research Vessels

Research Vessels

SG420-AV-MMO-010/020 Air Launched Weapons, Handling and Stowage

CV-67

SG420-BA-WHS-020/050(C) Air Launched Weapons Handling and Stowage

CVN-65

SG420-BJ-WHS-010/020(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-70

SG420-BM-WHS-010 Air Launched Weapons, Handling and Stowage

CV-63

SG420-BO-WHS-010 Air Launched Weapons, Handling and Stowage

CV-64

SG420-B5-WHS-010 Handling and Stowage of Air-Launched Weapons Aboard Amphibious Ships

All Amphibious Ships

3-1

(C) denotes confidential document.


(C) denotes confidential document.

3-2. NUMBER OF PERSONNEL. The minimum number of personnel shall be engaged in ammunition operations. Unauthorized or unnecessary personnel shall not be permitted in ammunition areas.

3-3. FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES. All shipboard personnel shall be trained in the emergency procedures for the ordnance operation being conducted. Personnel shall be trained to seek immediate first aid for all injuries, no matter how minor. They shall know the location of first aid kits and firefighting equipment in the vicinity of magazines, weapons handling spaces and weapons handling routes, and know how to use them.

SG420-B9-WHS-010/020(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-71

SG420-CP-WHS-010 Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-72

SG420-CU-MMO-010/020 Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-68

SG4240-CV-WHS-010(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-73

SG420-CY-WHS-010(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-74

SG420-DB-WHS-010/020 Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-69

SG420-DC-WHS-010(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-75

SG420-DD-WHS-010(C) Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons

CVN-76

SW023-AJ-WHS-010 Handling and Stowage of Amphibious Assault Ammunition Aboard Amphibious Ships

All Amphibious Ships

Table 3-1. Cargo Ammunition Handling and Stowage Documentation

NAVSEA Documentation Number Title Applicable Ships

3-2


3-4. SAFETY OBSERVER. A safety observer shall be present whenever using power driven systems. Examples of places where a safety observer may be required are at turrets, gun mounts, launchers, and elevators. Telephone or other communication shall be established between the control station and the safety observer. Before moving power-driven equipment, the control station shall obtain a report of “All Clear” from each safety observer. Safety observers shall keep assigned areas clear, and shall immediately advise the control station to stop the equipment when any obstacles appear in the way.

3-5. MINIMIZING HANDLING OPERATIONS. Handling of live ammunition shall be kept to a minimum to reduce the chance of mishaps. Ships' equipment designed for ordnance handling shall be used whenever possible to minimize the risks associated with handling ordnance. Ammunition and explosives shall not be handled unless they are specifically identified and their hazardous characteristics are known. Unpackaged ammunition and explosives shall not be allowed to make contact with any spark-producing substances. If explosives spill from a leaky container, all handling operations shall be stopped until the spill has been cleaned and the unserviceable container has been completely removed from the area. Ammunition and explosives shall not be exposed unnecessarily to inclement weather or to direct sunlight.

3-6. DOORS AND HATCHES. When opening doors and hatches during ammunition handling operations, the following precautions must be observed:

a. Before opening or closing power-operated doors or hatches, the operator shall check to ensure that the operation will not endanger any personnel. The operator shall also ensure that all ammunition and explosives will be free and clear of the opening or closing of the door or hatch. A safety observer, as described in paragraph 3-4, shall be present during these operations.

b. Portable safety nets shall be installed at alternate deck levels, starting at the uppermost deck, in access trunks that are provided with vertical ladders, and extend through three or more decks.

c. A device shall be used to secure the doors and hatches in the open position.

d. The ship shall be kept as tight as practical, so that an inadvertent casualty in one space will not be transmitted easily to other spaces. For this reason, all doors shall be kept closed when not in use unless this interferes with operational requirements. This requirement is not intended to prevent the hatches at several levels in a ship from being opened at the same time to allow expeditious handling of ammunition. The ship shall comply with the procedures for setting the material condition readiness for closures. Refer to NSTM S9086-CN-STM-010, -020 and -030/CH-079 for damage control (DC) requirements.

e. Safety interlocks as described in paragraph 2-18 shall not be disabled unless specifically authorized.

f. There shall be no obstruction of hatchway openings which may interfere with hatch operations.

g. When ammunition handling operations are being conducted through a ship’s hatch, the working of other cargo in the hold serviced by the same hatch is prohibited.

3-3


3-7. AMMUNITION PASSING SCUTTLES. All passing scuttles shall be periodically inspected to detect the development of sharp edges or other projections which might damage the ammunition and to confirm the presence of a watertight cover on the magazine side of the bulkhead. After painting, scuttles shall be examined to ensure that all parts move freely. Flap-type scuttles shall also be examined to determine that the flap provides an effective barrier in the closed position. Flap-type scuttles that open into a direct exposure line to a gun mount will have 100 percent flap/frame contact. Ammunition scuttles that do not open into a direct exposure line to a gun mount will have a minimum of 90 percent flap/frame contact. Personnel shall be assigned to guide the ammunition, such as 5" or loose ammunition, through access trunks and hatches in order to prevent the ammunition from striking the edge of the opening.

3-8. ELEVATORS. Elevators are fixed shipboard systems designed and authorized to vertically move ammunition and explosives between decks. Elevators may be specifically designed for moving ammunition and explosives only or may be multipurpose designs used also for cargo or aircraft. Elevators which carry ammunition and explosives may be called cargo/weapons elevators, weapons elevators, aircraft elevators, pallet elevators, and other designations. Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) (SEA-05) serves as the Navy’s technical authority design agent for all types of elevators.

3-8.1. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELEVATORS. The material condition and proper operation of an elevator are critical to ensuring the safety of personnel and the load. It is important to understand and follow all safety and operational requirements found in NSTM S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH-772 when transporting ordnance. For example:

a. Only qualified personnel shall be permitted to operate and maintain elevators. They shall become familiar with the operation and limits of the elevator and understand the function of, and know how to operate emergency devices. To ensure the safe and efficient operation and maintenance of shipboard cargo/weapons elevator systems, Commanding Officers (CO’s) or Masters shall promulgate a qualification program for elevator operators and maintenance personnel. This program shall include, as a minimum, the requirements listed in NAVEDTRA 43108 and any other Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) applicable to ship’s cargo/weapons elevator systems. Elevator operators and maintenance personnel shall successfully complete a training and qualification program (PQS fundamentals, systems, watch stations practical factors, oral and written examinations), and be recommended for qualification by the chain of command.

b. Operating instructions must be posted in the vicinity of all elevator controls.

c. Elevators shall not carry passengers unless authorized for passenger use during medical emergencies or during maintenance. Elevators shall display “KEEP OFF THIS ELEVATOR WHEN IN OPERATION” warning placard or stencil in minimum 2-inch high lettering located on the trunk bulkhead opposite each opening of all doors at each level.

d. Operators must ensure the load does not extend onto the solid yellow safety margins painted on the platforms as described in paragraph 3-8.3.

e. Ammunition and explosives shall not be transported together with stores.

3-4

http://www.navsea.navy.mil/



f. The safe working load (SWL) of an elevator shall never be exceeded, unless approved by NAVSEASYSCOM.

g. Liferails, lifelines, or safety nets shall be installed around open hatches or elevator trunk openings to prevent personnel from falling to a lower level. Safety stanchions and chains are generally used around open hatches on flight or hangar decks. Maintenance safety chains are used on those elevator openings normally closed during elevator operations, but required to be open for some maintenance function. Safety nets, or personnel barriers, are installed on elevators that are designed to operate with the trunk floors open or removed at the levels being used to load/unload the platform. A safety interlock system prevents elevator operation when personnel barrier is not in place.

h. Elevators shall not be operated if any feature listed in appendix C of NSTM S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH-772 is missing or deteriorated beyond the in-service limits.

i. Positive voice communication shall be established between operators at control stations required to be manned for elevator operation before any platform movement takes place.

3-8.2. ELEVATOR MAINTENANCE. All elevator operation, maintenance, inspection and testing, including Level III System Operability Tests (SOTs), shall be in accordance with NSTM S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH-772. The following requirements apply to elevators during scheduled and unscheduled maintenance:

a. Elevators shall be tagged "OUT OF SERVICE" in accordance with NAVSEA SO400-AD-URM-010/TUM when conducting inspections, maintenance or whenever there is any indication of malfunction. They shall remain out of service until repairs, adjustments or inspections have been completed, and they have been tested and determined to meet required standards. Elevator doors shall be locked if possible while the elevator undergoes inspection or maintenance. If doors must be left open, suitable barricades shall block the entry. Before any part or operating mechanism of an electric elevator is cleaned or lubricated, electrical power to the elevator system shall be isolated.

b. If the elevator will not start, it may have been overloaded. The operator shall remove the load, tag the elevator "OUT OF SERVICE" in accordance with NAVSEA SO400-AD-URM-010/TUM and notify maintenance personnel. If an ordnance elevator should stop suddenly between platforms, the operator shall call maintenance personnel and operate the elevator only as directed by maintenance personnel.

c. Maintenance of elevators shall be performed by more than one person if the maintenance requires movement of the elevator from any control station. Personnel shall be stationed to report movement of elevators, warn personnel away from openings, make necessary adjustments, and to perform other actions as required. These elevators shall be securely blocked before personnel go under them. They shall never be moved while personnel are underneath or on top, except as directed by the cognizant maintenance personnel.

3-8.3. ELEVATOR SAFETY MARGIN MARKINGS. Safety margins shall be painted on ordnance elevator platforms to ensure that loads do not overhang the platform prior to closing doors or hatches. The safety margin shall be painted solid yellow and extend from the platform edges inboard 3

3-5


inches. Where a ramp extends onto the platform, the margin shall extend a minimum of 3 inches beyond the maximum inboard extension of the ramp. The only exception is where wheeled handling equipment are used for the transfer of ammunition and explosives. Then, the platform end edges and ramps shall have a painted safety margin of 5 inches, with the 3-inch margin on the side edges. As shown in figure 3-1, careful measurement must be made to determine the outside limit of the safety margin. The outer perimeter of the safety margins begins at the edge of the usable elevator platform. The extremities of the weapon may extend over the inner edge of the safety margin. However, the risk of damage increases as the weapon approaches the outer edge of the margin. If the weapon extends into the safety margin, the weapons officer and the ship’s safety officer shall be advised and approve of the intrusion. Elevators with flush deck hatches shall have a red and yellow striped safety margin painted around the hatch opening and ramps shall be painted in black and yellow diagonal striping in accordance with NSTM S9086-ZN-STM-010/CH-772.

FIGURE 3-1. Weapons-Elevator Safety Margin

3-6


3-9. HANDLING EQUIPMENT. This paragraph addresses the designated commands authorized to approve handling equipment, provides general handling regulations, and identifies the types of handling equipment, with specific requirements, during ammunition and explosives handling operations. The types of handling equipment discussed are: ordnance handling equipment (OHE), materials handling equipment (MHE), weight handling equipment (WHE), vertical package conveyors, longitudinal conveyor systems, and armament weapons support equipment (AWSE).

3-9.1. APPROVED HANDLING EQUIPMENT. Only handling equipment that is approved by NAVSEASYSCOM, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM), Director, Strategic Systems Program (DIRSSP), or Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Indian Head Division Detachment Earle, Naval Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation (PHST) Center, Colts Neck, NJ, as applicable, shall be used for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. These certifying commands shall maintain configuration management requirements detailed in paragraph 5-3.1.

3-9.1.1. Modifications. Modifications to any handling equipment shall be made only after the appropriate design authority has granted approval. Complete details of the proposed modification along with the necessary photographs, drawings, engineering data, justification of modification, and the anticipated improvements shall be forwarded to the appropriate design authority.

3-9.1.2. Approved Configuration. All handling equipment shall be used only in the configuration for which it was designed, as shown in NAVSEA OP 2173, NAVSEA OR-67s, NAVSEA S9571-AA-MMA-010, NAVAIR 11-140-25, weapons technical manuals, and other approved NAVAIR, DIRSSP, Naval PHST Center handling equipment documentation. Unit loads of ammunition, explosives and their associated components require the prescribed approved handling equipment in their intended as-used configurations to safely handle and transport them.

3-9.1.3. General Requirements for Handling Equipment. All handling equipment shall be visually inspected prior to use, weight tested within its scheduled periodicity, and properly maintained in accordance with the appropriate documentation in the paragraphs that follow. Additionally, OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series) for the Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program (NOMMP) and COMNAVAIRFOR OPNAVINST 4790.2 (series) for the Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP) provides regulations involving weapons support equipment.

3-9.1.4. General Handling Regulations. General safety requirements that apply to all ammunition and explosives operations involving handling equipment include:

a. Personnel shall stand clear of both moving and suspended loads.

b. Loose clothing that could be entangled in operating equipment shall not be worn.

c. Prior to beginning any ammunition handling operation, all personnel assigned to operate handling equipment shall be instructed on the safety precautions applicable to the ammunition and to the handling equipment they operate. They shall be qualified and certified according to the requirements stated in paragraphs 2-4.4.1 and 2-4.4.2.

3-7




http://www.navair.navy.mil/



d. An instruction chart, showing all operating features, functions, and safety precautions applicable to the handling equipment, such as elevators, cranes or hoists shall be mounted near or on the equipment or the adjacent structure. The chart shall be mounted so that it can be easily read from an advantageous position or operating station.

e. Safing devices equipped on appropriate weapon systems shall be kept in the “SAFE” or “UNARMED” position, as described in the applicable weapon system technical manual, prior to any handling operation.

3-9.2. ORDNANCE HANDLING EQUIPMENT (OHE). By definition, OHE is specially-designed mechanical equipment used for assembling, disassembling, handling, transporting, lifting, positioning, rotating or containing conventional weapons, ammunition, explosives, and related components. While typically portable in nature and not self-propelled, OHE can serve as a link between permanently mounted and mobile lifting equipment (e.g., cranes, forklifts, etc.). OHE is used for dockside loading and offloading; intra-station handling in production, maintenance and storage areas; shipboard handling and transfer at sea operations. Examples of OHE include adapters, beams, carriers, dollies, handlift trucks, restraint fixtures, slings, and stands. The use of OHE for handling ammunition and explosives shall comply with the following safety provisions.

3-9.2.1. General Requirements For OHE. The proper type of approved OHE must be selected for the type of handling situation involved. Selection factors that should be considered are the SWL of the OHE, the interface between the OHE and the item being lifted, and the height of the load. NAVSEA OP 2173/NAVAIR 19-100-1.1 provides detailed information on the approved types of OHE designed to handle ammunition and explosives. OHE shall be visually inspected prior to use in accordance with OPNAVINST 4790.2 (series) for the applicable Planned Maintenance System (PMS) which contains the applicable Maintenance Index Page (MIP) and associated Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) or, for MSC ships, COMSCINST 3540.6 (series) for the Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management (SAMM) program. OHE shall be used only in the configuration for which it was designed, as shown in NAVSEA OP 2173/NAVAIR 19-100-1.1, NAVSEA OR-67s, weapons technical manuals, and other approved NAVAIR, DIRSSP or PHST Center handling equipment documentation. All OHE shall contain a serial number that has been applied by either the original manufacturer for newly procured items or locally for older items. Shipboard OHE allowances are identified in NAVSEAINST 10490.1 (series) for Amphibious Warfare (AW) ships; NAVSEAINST 10490.2 (series) for combatant ships; and NAVSEAINST 10490.3 (series) for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships, including MSC ships. These OHE allowances are published in the Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List (COSAL). For aviation capable ships, OHE allowances are also documented in the ships Individual Material Readiness List (IMRL).

3-9.2.2. Safe Operating Instructions. The following safety precautions shall be observed by all personnel using OHE:

a. Use only approved OHE for the specific ammunition to be lifted.

b. Never exceed the SWL of the OHE.

3-8



c. Hooks used in handling ammunition shall be “moused” or equipped with safety latches to prevent accidental unhooking. Bale hooks or similar devices shall never be used with ammunition and explosives.

NOTE

The Mk 108 Mod 1 Ammunition Security Pallet Crate has not been certified for vertical replenishment (VERTREP) transfer operations.

d. The transfer of unpalletized (loose) ammunition and explosives should be avoided during all loading and unloading operations. Only the Mk 108 Mod 1 Ammunition Security Pallet Crate is approved for transferring up to 4,000 pounds of unpalletized items during connected replenishment (CONREP) operations. No other types of crates, including triwall containers, shall be used during underway replenishment (UNREP) operations involving ammunition and explosives.

e. Positive control for all handling operations where ordnance is moved by overhead handling equipment that does not confine motion is considered acceptable when personnel have hands on control of the ordnance within their reach. Outside or above their reach, personnel shall maintain positive control of the ordnance with the use of tag lines. Tag lines shall be of adequate length and shall be kept free of loops and knots. This type of ordnance handling and positive control shall be limited to sea states that are within the capability of personnel to control the load.

f. Loose shackles (i.e., shackles which are not an integral part of the OHE design) are only authorized to lift loads that are 80% of the marked SWL on the shackles by the manufacturer. For example, if a shackle has a SWL marked on it of 1,000 pounds, the user can only lift a load of 800 pounds.

NOTE

Shackles which are an integral part of approved Navy OHE have been appropriately de-rated to meet Navy criteria and are therefore exempt from this statement. Only shackles which have been permanently marked in raised letters with the SWL, size, and manufacturer identification shall be used with ammunition and explosives.

g. Nylon webbing cargo net slings, commonly known as “cargo nets”, shall not be used alone for transferring empty or filled, thin-walled ammunition containers likely to be damaged. When ammunition containers are hoisted or lowered with nylon webbing cargo net slings, a rigid wooden platform or base should be fitted in the net upon which the containers can be placed, stacked, or piled. The containers should be set up on their stowage rings to prevent shifting and bumping into each other and to keep pressure away from their thin sides. For CONREP operations, a rope becket shall be used to interface between the overhead hoist and the nylon webbing cargo net sling.

3-9.2.3. Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of OHE. The inspection, maintenance and testing of OHE shall comply with the following provisions.

3-9


a. Inspection. All approved OHE shall be visually inspected by the user prior to use in accordance with the applicable MRC/SAMM. If additional guidance for inspection is required or no MRC is available, do not use OHE and contact the Naval PHST Center for proper instructions. Inspected OHE that contains defects or has expired or missing test tags shall be removed from service and tagged non-serviceable. OHE that is inspected by the current MRC’s and found to be missing the weight test tag, may be re-tagged, provided the ship has current weight test documentation. Unserviceable OHE shall be physically separated from serviceable OHE to prevent its inadvertent use. Hooks that are suspected of being cracked shall not be used until the protective finish in the potentially cracked area can be removed for closer inspection. Refinishing of hooks, i.e., painting or galvanizing, is not required and shall not be conducted aboard ship.

b. Maintenance. Organizational level maintenance of OHE shall be conducted as specified in the applicable MRC/SAMM issued for each item. Intermediate level maintenance, as specified in NAVSEA OR-99, NAVAIR 19 Series Operation and Maintenance manuals, or equivalent documents, may be performed by ships so authorized. All maintenance shall be completed prior to placing any equipment into service.

c. Testing. OHE used aboard ship shall be periodically weight tested by a certified activity in accordance with the methods provided in NAVSEA SG420-AP-MMA-010 or NAVAIR 17-1-127 at intervals of every 4 years minimum. Armament handling equipment used for aircraft loading and downloading of ammunition and explosives shall be tested and marked in accordance with applicable NAVAIR 19-600 (series) MRC’s. If repaired, the OHE must be tested by a certified activity and marked before use.

(1) Exemptions From Weight Test. Loose shackles, some adapters, nylon webbing cargo net slings, handlift trucks, torpedo dollies, bars, skip boxes, covers, cradles, crates, skids, stands, tag lines, tiedown assemblies and, generally, other non-overhead lifting equipment are exempt from the periodic testing requirement. However, they must be thoroughly examined for cracks, permanent deformation, dimensional changes or other defects prior to and after use in accordance with the applicable MRC/SAMM.

(2) Metallic OHE. When suspected of structural or welding defects, beams, carriers, strongbacks, hooks and any other OHE constructed of metal which are used for lifting ammunition and explosives, shall be removed from service until examined by non-destructive testing (NDT) methods and any required repairs have been completed.

3-9.2.4. Marking Tested Equipment. OHE that has satisfactorily passed the initial weight tests and subsequent periodic weight tests shall be marked accordingly. New handling equipment will be weight tested and marked by the manufacturer as specified in applicable procurement documents. Ships receiving new, overhauled, or tested handling equipment shall verify that the equipment has been weight tested, if applicable, before use. Equipment marked or tagged in accordance with the provisions of this manual satisfies the verification process. OHE shall be identified as to SWL, testing activity and the test expiration date on the test tag as a minimum. OHE passing the weight test shall be clearly marked by the certified testing activity to include the following information:

3-10




TEST FACILITY: ____________________________________ (testing activity name)

TEST EXPIRATION DATE: ____________________________ (month/year)

SAFE WORKING LOAD: _____________________________ POUNDS (number)

New equipment received in the original packaging shall have the test expiration date identified as four years from the date the package is opened, provided that the equipment meets the inspection requirements. Similarly, OHE which has been retested and placed in storage in a serviceable condition may be remarked one time upon issue with a current test expiration date (i.e., 4 years from the date of receipt) as long as the OHE satisfactorily passes receipt inspection. In this situation, the new test tag shall include the words “REMARKED” along with the name of the activity or ship applying the new test tag, the new test expiration date, and the SWL. The method of marking shall be appropriate to the particular item, subject to the following:

a. The limitations provided in NAVSEA SG420-AP-MMA-010. Additionally, ships are required to provide testing activities with a copy of any documentation maintained in the equipment file supporting non-destructive tests performed on OHE that were die/steel stamped with local serial numbers.

b. Ships shall maintain a record that, as a minimum, identifies the OHE type (by nomenclature), assigned serial numbers (either locally or by the manufacturer), the test expiration date, the words “REMARKED” (if applicable), and the testing activity’s name or the ship’s name if “REMARKED”.

c. Refer to NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/CH-700 for additional marking and recording requirements aboard submarines.

d. One of the following test tags shall be used on all slings:

(1) Strap, tiedown, electrical components, adjustable, self-clinching, plastic, MS3367-3-0, type I, class I, figure 3-2 (color: Black)[MS3367 is considered obsolescent and will be replaced by SAE-AS33671]

(2) Strap, tiedown, electrical components, adjustable, self-clinching, plastic, MS3367-3-9, type I, class I, figure 3-2 (color: Natural)[MS3367 is considered obsolescent and will be replaced by SAE-AS33671]

The information recorded on these test tags, if used, shall be steel stamped, etched or engraved on the tag with the letters or numbers filled with black or white paint filler, as appropriate, in accordance with TT-F-325, Type II or equivalent.

e. Metal tags used on OHE other than slings shall be attached on a flat surface with rivets, screws or adhesive backing on the label.

3-11


f. Wired-on metal tags shall not be used for any OHE.

FIGURE 3-2. Test Tag

3-9.2.5. Nylon Rope Slings. The following requirements must be met when using approved nylon rope slings, such as the Mk 105 Mod 0 Hoisting Sling, to handle ammunition and explosives:

a. Taut, dry rope must be slacked off immediately if it becomes wet. This sling when wet expands in diameter and, conversely, shrinks in length due to this expansion. If the sling is not allowed to shrink freely when wet, it may subject itself to a strain as great or greater than it would carry under load.

b. Never allow nylon rope slings to come into contact with acid, oil, grease or become very wet.

c. Nylon rope slings never should be stowed when wet or damp. After being used any sand, grit, and salt water should be removed from the rope by wetting it down with fresh water before drying. The rope should be faked, if possible, to ensure free circulation of air. The slings should be stowed in a well-ventilated place.

d. Before using nylon rope slings to lift heavy loads, test it by adding a strain very slowly until the load is lifted clear. Then let it hang just barely clear off the deck for a short time so that if the rope does break the damage to the load is minimal.

3-9.3. MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT (MHE). Naval Supply Command Publication (NAVSUP PUB) 538 provides administrative regulations, technical instructions, approved types of MHE, safety precautions, operational and preventive maintenance requirements, and battery maintenance and charging procedures commonly available for the general use of MHE. NAVSEA SW023-AH-WHM-010 describes the prescribed safety specifications and regulations of industrial MHE and approved associated

3-12


forklift attachments specifically assigned to handle ammunition and explosives. It also identifies the requirements for training and licensing of operators, minimum instructor qualifications, operational safety regulations, fueling requirements, battery charging operations, approved MHE to handle ammunition and explosives in specific hazardous operational areas, and maintenance, testing and inspection programs. Battery charging stations shall not be located in ordnance stowage areas, such as magazines. Battery charging operations where ammunition and explosives are present may only be performed in large, well-ventilated spaces.

3-9.4. WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT (WHE). Weight handling equipment (WHE) consisting of cranes, hoists, and cargo booms may be used to handle ammunition and explosives. The following general safety requirements shall be observed during these handling operations:

a. Operators shall inspect WHE prior to use for any defects or damage and immediately report deficiencies to the supervisor. Use of defective or damaged WHE is prohibited.

b. Only qualified and certified personnel shall be permitted to operate WHE. They shall become familiar with the operation and limitations of WHE and understand the function of and know how to operate all emergency devices.

c. When using OHE, described in paragraph 3-9.2, with WHE, ensure that only the appropriate handling equipment is used and that it is positively secured.

d. Never exceed the SWL of the WHE.

e. Always avoid sudden strains on wire rope.

f. WHE shall be tagged "OUT OF SERVICE" when conducting inspections, maintenance or whenever there is an indication of malfunction. They shall remain out of service until inspections, adjustments or repairs have been completed, and they have been tested and determined to meet the required standards.

3-9.4.1. Cranes. Top-side cranes and their operating, maintenance, inspection, testing, certification and crane crew qualification requirements are described in NSTM S9086-T4-STM-010/CH-589. Depending upon the type of handling situation involved, the following selection factors must be considered: the type of power (manual or electric), the type of hoisting arrangement (single or double cable, or chain), and the height of the lift. Cranes shall be used in the power-down modes of regulating load descent. Cranes that use only the drop-brake or free-fall method of regulating rate of load descent shall not be used for handling ammunition and explosives. Cranes having both power-down and free-fall modes available shall use only the power-down mode and shall have the free-fall capability disabled or locked out during such operations.

3-9.4.2. Hoists. Shipboard hoists are fixed or portable systems designed and authorized to move ammunition and explosives within the ship’s structure. Examples of shipboard hoists include whip hoists (used with booms and davits), manually-operated hoists, electric and pneumatic chain and wire rope hoists, hydraulic hoists, trolley hoists, bridge cranes, well deck bridge cranes, cargo monorail systems, and monorail and bi-rail hoists. All ordnance hoist operation, maintenance, inspection and testing

3-13


requirements shall be in accordance with the applicable MRC, SAMM or NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/CH-700. Hoists may be specifically designed for moving ammunition and explosives only or may be multipurpose designs used for cargo, aircraft and other materials. Specific safety precautions are provided below and must be observed:

a. Operating instructions must be posted in the vicinity of all hoist controls.

b. When provided, covers on ordnance hoists shall be secured when hoists are not in use. Material shall not be stowed in ordnance hoist trunks, with the exception of emergency ordnance handling (EOH) equipment aboard aircraft carriers. Deflectors and other devices that are used only in lowering ammunition and explosives shall be stowed as designated when not in use.

c. Reel in the hoisting cable when the ordnance hoist is not in use to prevent kinks or bends in the cable.

3-9.4.3. Cargo Booms. Ship’s cargo booms are authorized to transfer ammunition and explosives provided they are certified in accordance with NSTM S9086-TM-STM-010/CH-573 for all inspection, weight testing and personnel qualification requirements. Additionally, a dummy load weighing the maximum intended weight to be transferred will be cycled (one complete transfer evolution) prior to any actual transfer operation. During pierside operations, the handling of ordnance with cargo booms is permissible provided concurrence has been received by the CO of the shore activity. No additional certification requirements are needed for the cargo booms for these operations.

3-9.5. VERTICAL PACKAGE CONVEYORS. Vertical package conveyors may be used to transfer properly packaged .50 caliber or smaller percussion primed ammunition or inert items. If an authorized ammunition stowage location is serviced only by a vertical package conveyor, it may be used to transfer .50 caliber or smaller percussion primed ammunition or inert items. For other uses, the ship must request a waiver as described in paragraph 1-9.3.

3-9.6. LONGITUDINAL CONVEYOR SYSTEM. Aboard LHA class ships only, an electrically supplied longitudinal conveyor system, located on the third deck along the ship’s centerline, is used to transfer pallets in the forward and aft directions between the cargo elevators and the monorail pick-up stations. An aluminum or wood slave pallet shall be used as an intermediary between ammunition cargo and the longitudinal conveyor system.

3-9.7. ARMAMENT WEAPONS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (AWSE). AWSE, as described in NAVSEA OP 2173, used for handling and loading of airborne weapons shall be inspected and operated in accordance with the appropriate NAVAIR 17 (series) and NAVAIR 19 (series) Operational and Maintenance manuals. Periodic maintenance of AWSE shall be performed in accordance with NAVAIR 19-600 (series) or AG (series) Periodic Maintenance (PMRM’s). Periodic weight testing shall be conducted in accordance with NAVAIR 17-1-127. AWSE shall be configured in accordance with NAVAIR 11-140-25.

3-10. AVIATION ORDNANCE HANDLING. Shipboard aviation ordnance operations shall be in accordance with the requirements contained in the applicable Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) manuals [NAVAIR 00-80T-105, NAVAIR 00-80T-106, NAVAIR

3-14


00-80T-120, or NAVAIR 00-80T-122], Joint Publication 3-04.1, and the appropriate aircraft weapons/stores loading manual.

3-10.1. LOADING DRILLS. Aircraft loading drills must be conducted periodically in accordance with local procedures to familiarize the ship’s crew and the air wing with the aviation ordnance handling requirements.

3-10.2. LOADING DRILLS USING LIVE ORDNANCE. Every effort shall be exercised so that only inert, practice and/or dummy ammunition, rockets and missiles are used during drills associated with weapon assembly or disassembly, gun rehearsals, stowage and tiedown procedures, or aircraft loading or unloading operations. However, the ship’s CO/Master may authorize the use of live ammunition, listed below, providing the applicable HERO restrictions in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 are observed, personnel are aware of the risks, and are adequately supervised. Loading or arming drills shall not be conducted with live ammunition in any port or harbor unless the ship is at an explosives anchorage. The CO shall notify the Task Group Commander or other appropriate operational commanders before conducting a drill in which live ordnance is used. When using live ammunition for loading drills, the applicable safety precautions for each item shall be strictly observed.

a. Aircraft gun ammunition.

b. High explosive-loaded all-up round (AUR) bombs, such as general purpose (GP) bombs, guided bomb units (GBUs) and QUICKSTRIKE.

c. Rockets and rocket launchers with installed rockets.

d. Guided missiles and torpedoes.

e. Aircraft pyrotechnics.

f. Expendable countermeasures.

3-10.3. EXPOSED ORDNANCE RISKS. Ordnance positioned outside the protection of magazine stowage during handling, staging or when loaded on aircraft greatly increases the danger to the ship should a fire, explosion or aircraft crash occur. The greater the quantity of ordnance exposed, the greater the risk. A means or method must be established to immediately isolate exposed ordnance from the scene of an accident, strike the ordnance below to magazines or, if necessary, jettison the ordnance over-the-side. Related individual or team responsibilities must be clearly defined and training conducted prior to major ordnance handling evolutions and periodically thereafter.

3-10.3.1. Ordnance Jettison. When exposed ordnance is in imminent danger of direct exposure to fire or explosion and repositioning the ordnance outside the accident scene is not possible without increased risk, over-the-side jettison of the ordnance is authorized. Designated handling routes shall permit unobstructed movement of the ordnance.

3-15


3-10.3.2. Ordnance Jettison Ramps. To reduce the risk of ordnance exposure to an accident scene on the flight deck of aviation ships, jettison ramps shall be installed at 200-foot intervals in aircraft rearming areas and immediately adjacent to the designated weapon staging area. Jettison ramps must bridge the gallery deck walkway and may be of either a fixed or hinged design. The ramps shall permit the ordnance or ordnance mounted on handling equipment (such as munitions transporters) to exit the deck without contacting catwalks, safety nets or other objects outboard of the deck edge. Jettison ramps on the flight deck round-down are fixed and shall be exercised daily prior to flight operations. Jettison ramps in the staging area shall be rigged at all times. Refer to NAVAIR 80-00-122, as applicable, for additional guidance.

3-11. STAGING AREAS. The term "staging area" refers to an area on or near the weather deck outside of magazine stowage located in the vicinity of designated aircraft rearming areas on aviation and aviation capable ships. The staging area is used to temporarily stow ordnance required by the embarked aircraft to conduct pre-deployment training or combat operations. A staging area shall not be used for prolonged stowage. The quantity of ordnance maintained in a staging area shall be the minimum necessary to sustain the scheduled sortie rate and to assure time for safe aircraft loading. When ordnance is present, the staging area shall be manned at all times and have a means of communication. Staging areas for airborne weapons on aviation ships shall be restricted to those areas that:

a. Are convenient to jettison locations, described in paragraph 3-10.3;

b. Have a least two clear, unobstructed routes of ingress or egress;

c. Are covered by a sprinkled system or manned fire hoses;

d. Are located as far as practical from fueling stations and liquid oxygen (LOX) carts; or

e. Are manned and have provisions for physically securing weapons.

3-11.1. LOCATIONS. The priorities that shall be used in determining staging areas for weapons include the following:

a. The flight deck outboard of the island structure on legacy ships (before CVN-78 ships).

b. The hangar deck.

c. Sponsons.

3-11.2. RAPID HANDLING EVOLUTIONS. To facilitate the rapid handling in the event of an accident, all weapons temporarily positioned in a staging area shall be on mobile handling equipment, such as transporters or skids.

3-12. MAGAZINE USE REQUIREMENTS. Magazines, lockers or launchers are designed to maximize safety when Naval ammunition and explosives are properly stowed. Adherence to the following magazine use requirements is mandatory to ensure the required stable magazine conditions.

3-16


3-12.1. SMALL ARMS MAGAZINES. Only small arms ammunition, as defined in paragraph 5-4.2.3, shall be stowed in these magazines, except that ammunition described in paragraph 5-6.2. 20mm Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), high explosive (HE) or incendiary 20mm, and larger ammunition shall not be stowed in small arms magazines.

3-12.2. ACCIDENT PREVENTION SIGNS. Appropriate accident prevention signs, such as warnings and cautions, safety precautions, and instructions shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of the meaning and intent of all accident prevention signs, safety precautions, and instructions. Refer to appendix D for the appropriate signs, placards, hazard markings and label plates.

3-12.3. SECURITY MEASURES. Except when opened specifically for inspection, ventilation, testing or authorized work, magazines, ready-service lockers, elevators and hoists shall be kept closed, locked and, if equipped with an alarm system, armed. They shall be opened only when authorized by the officer-In-charge of the space, who shall be responsible for securing the locks upon completion of the operation. The ship’s CO/Master or an officer designated in writing shall be the custodian of the magazine keys. Specific security measures, applicable policies, standards, criteria, and procedures governing the physical security of arms, ammunition, and explosives afloat are contained in OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series). The maintenance and testing of alarm systems, such as DA or FZ circuits, shall be performed in accordance with the appropriate technical manuals.

3-12.4. CLEANLINESS IN MAGAZINES. All magazines and other spaces containing ammunition and explosives shall be kept scrupulously clean. Combustible materials such as paper, oily rags, cotton waste, solvents, and volatile liquids are not permitted in or near a magazine, except when being used for approved purposes. Steel wool, sand, gravel, or other abrasive substances shall not be permitted on the decks or other working surfaces where ammunition and explosives are handled. The bulkheads, overhead, and deck should be wiped or washed down as often as necessary to keep them clean.

3-12.5. READY-SERVICE STOWAGE. The term "ready-service" refers to a condition of ordnance that has been made ready for employment. Ready-service stowage provides the means to temporarily position ready-service ordnance near the corresponding aircraft, gun or launcher to sustain scheduled training or sustain combat sortie rates. Ready-service stowage shall not be used for prolonged stowage or for extending the total weapon stowage capacity of the ship. Ready-service stowage includes topside lockers, magazines and airborne weapons staging areas. When not required for ready-service, the ordnance shall be returned to a primary magazine.

3-12.6. WORK IN STOWAGE AREAS. In addition to the authorized maintenance requirements in paragraphs 2-21 and 2-21.1, work in a magazine shall be limited to such activities as stowing or breaking out ammunition and explosives, canning or decanning operations, weapon assembly or disassembly, loading or unloading from handling equipment, keeping the stowage space clean, and maintaining the supporting equipment in the magazine. Before performing any work which might cause abnormally high temperatures or intense local heat in a magazine or adjacent compartment, all ammunition and explosives shall be removed to other safe stowage until such work is completed and normal conditions are restored. Improvised tools, platforms, or ladders shall not be used in stowage areas. Watertight flashlights are permitted in magazines that do not require explosion-proof fittings. No other work shall be performed in a magazine or explosives stowage area except for constructing fleet issue unit loads

3-17



(FIULs), amphibious unit loads, or performing airborne weapons maintenance tasks on CV/CVN, LHA, LHD and LPD class ships in accordance with the NOMMP. The breaking out of mission specific ammunition and explosives is permitted in stowage areas. Compatibility requirements addressed in table 3-2 through 3-4 must be observed at all times. Breaking out of ordnance is defined as removing ammunition and explosives from approved shipping containers.

3-12.7. USE OF MAGAZINES FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN ORDNANCE STOWAGE. The use of magazines for purposes other than the stowage of ordnance is authorized when the following requirements are met:

a. The magazine shall be completely downloaded of all ammunition and explosives and swept clean. Exceptions to this requirement are for cargo magazines aboard amphibious warfare ships, as described in NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010, and submarine magazines supporting special operations forces (SOF) mission equipment that has been approved by the Weapons System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB)/Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (CO, NOSSA).

b. The original design of the magazine is not altered, and all fixed ordnance stowage remains intact. Magazine capability can be restored with no more effort than turning valves and switches. Designation magazine label plates shall not be removed or altered.

c. If the magazine is used for stowage of items that require sprinklers and alarms, the sprinkling and alarm systems shall remain on line and fully operational. If the magazine is used for purposes that do not require sprinklers and alarms, the sprinkling and alarm systems may be temporarily placed in lay up.

d. Ammunition assets must always maintain stowage precedence over other commodities.

e. Stowage of handling equipment (e.g., OHE, MHE, AWSE) is permitted in shipboard magazines. The stowage of handling equipment in magazines shall be limited to only those cases deemed necessary, and where the following safety precautions have been taken:

(1) All handling equipment stowed in shipboard magazines must be secured with suitable tiedowns and fittings for rough sea conditions.

(2) All batteries on electrically-powered MHE must be disconnected when not in operation.

3-12.8. FOOD AND DRINK. Food and drink are prohibited in magazines when ammunition and explosives are present.

3-12.9. SMOKING. Smoking is forbidden in magazines, magazine areas, and handling and loading areas. Personnel shall not carry cigarette lighters or any type of open flame, spark- or flame-producing devices in these areas. Designated smoking areas are forbidden within 10 feet of launchers, magazine areas, handling and loading areas or ready-service lockers.

3-12.10. SECURING STOWS. Since any ship in a seaway will move in random fashion, it is essential that all ammunition and explosives is securely stowed except when being handled. Ammunition

3-18




and explosives should not move when subjected to ship motion. Portable fittings should be stowed in spaces in which they will be used. Pipes or piping supports shall not be used as tiedown points for the securing of cargo. Where plywood bulkheads are used aboard amphibious warfare ships, all cargo must be properly restrained and shall place no physical stress on plywood bulkheads. Refer to paragraph 3-1 for the appropriate shipboard stowage technical manual for procedures and requirements.

3-12.11. INTERNAL ARRANGEMENTS. Stowage areas are arranged to provide access to as much ammunition and as many containers as possible, and to provide adequate space for ventilation and handling operations. Ammunition and explosives shall be stowed and secured for sea so that all parts of the magazine and stow will receive maximum ventilation and exposure to the sprinkling system. In addition, the air space between the stowage stack and the surface of adjacent plating (e.g., ship’s bulkhead, hull, frames, etc.) shall not be less than 2 inches, except in adjustable batten stowage, “pogo stick” systems, modular ammunition stowage system, deck gratings, or universal tiedown deck grids, where the ammunition or explosives may sit directly on the grating or grid. The stow shall not obstruct circuit F sensors or air escape lines and shall have a minimum clearance below the sprinkler heads as specified in NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010. Stowage should be arranged so that all weapons may be readily supplied with any type of ammunition. When several lots of ammunition and explosives are stowed in the same magazine, they should be segregated by lot numbers, as practical. Unserviceable ammunition should be stowed in magazine locations that minimize the risk of accidental use. Passageways and safety exits shall not be blocked at any time. Where more than one type of ammunition is stowed in a magazine and where portable battens or alternate stowage facilities have been provided to receive the various types of ammunition, a stowage chart shall be posted. The chart shall show the stowage locations, including ammunition types, quantities and the arrangement of the stowed ammunition.

3-12.12. AMMUNITION AND STOWAGE INSPECTION. Ammunition and stowage inspection consists of two parts: the inspection of the ammunition and the inspection of the magazine space, which is defined in paragraph 5-4.2. Ammunition stowage inspections shall be made by qualified personnel who shall use the appropriate MRC to ensure that no deficiency is overlooked.

3-12.12.1. Ammunition Inspection. Ammunition stowage inspection aboard ship will verify that ammunition in stowage has not been affected by loss of environmental control, handling damage, ship's movement or other factors. Ammunition in stowage includes that ammunition maintained in launch systems such as torpedo tubes, vertical launching systems and gun systems. The frequency and extent of the inspection of the ammunition shall be determined by weapon system technical manuals or by ship's personnel and will be based on magazine environmental control history, inventory control history, type of ammunition, ship's movement, etc. Notices of ammunition reclassification (NARs), ammunition information notices (AIN), and overhead fire (OHF) information messages are used to update NAVSUP P-801. Prior to any receipt, stowage and issue evolution, ammunition and explosives material shall be verified against NAVSUP P-801 and any recent NAR, AIN or OHF message.

3-12.12.2. Magazine Inspection. The magazine itself shall be inspected daily in accordance with MIP 7000/X01-75 and prior to securing the magazine after any loading, downloading or magazine maintenance to assure that:

a. Ordnance is securely stowed and restrained;

3-19


b. There are no unusual fumes or odors;

c. There is no evidence of tampering or attempts to gain access;

d. There are no items present other than ordnance and ordnance related equipment, except as noted in paragraph 3-12.7;

e. There is no evidence of localized overheating from adjacent compartments;

f. There are no leaks or standing water from sprinklers, piping, fire alarm devices, or other equipment;

g. Temperatures in the magazine have not exceeded the stowage temperature limits, as defined in paragraph 3-12.12.3, for the ordnance that is being stowed. The actual magazine temperature reading from the bimetallic thermometer (NSN: 6685-00-042-3218; Part Number E318A4R3) shall be recorded daily on the temperature record card (S/N 0103-LF-680-3005) and in the Weapons Department record. Refer to paragraph 5-6 for an alternate thermometer approved for submarine pyrotechnic lockers. Magazines or launchers equipped with automated temperature monitoring and recording systems satisfy this requirement;

NOTE

Temperature record cards shall be maintained for one year.

h. Ensure that watertight covers are maintained on all lights or battle lanterns and that inoperative lights are returned to service as soon as possible;

i. The handling equipment is securely stowed and restrained.

3-12.12.3. Magazine Temperatures. Specific ordnance stowage temperatures in magazines are provided in the weapons technical manuals and must be observed. If specific ammunition stowage temperature requirements are not available, magazines shall be maintained below 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). If a magazine temperature has exceeded the required stowage temperature since the previous inspection, the magazine shall be artificially cooled as practical and an entry shall be made in red in the Weapons Department record. An entry shall be made of any failure to meet the ordnance or magazine inspection criteria noted above. Whenever ammunition stowage inspection deficiencies are discovered, the facts shall be reported to the ship’s CO/Master or Command Duty Officer (CDO). All corrective actions taken for ammunition stowage deficiencies shall be entered in the Weapons Department record. If the temperature is above 100º F, the specific weapons technical manual shall be consulted for temperature limitations, appropriate corrective actions and possible disposition procedures. If no technical guidance is available in the specific weapons technical manual, a Conventional Ordnance Discrepancy Report (CODR) in accordance with OPNAVINST 5102.1 (series) shall be submitted to obtain the necessary guidance. For smokeless powder and pyrotechnic ammunition exceeding 100º F, the following procedures apply:

3-20



a. At temperatures of 110 to 130° F, magazines should be artificially cooled as practical and the maximum stowage temperature over 110° F reached each hour recorded. When a cumulative total of 100 hours of exposure above 120° F or a cumulative total of 500 hours of exposure between 110 and 130° F is reached, the ammunition shall be expended on a priority basis. A CODR shall be issued reclassifying the ammunition to condition code "K".

b. At temperatures above 130° F, magazines should be artificially cooled as practical and the ammunition shall be reclassified to condition code "K" and turned in to the nearest ammunition activity for disposition. If no storage activity is immediately available, the ammunition may be retained on board and, if practical, segregated from other ammunition.

NOTE

Refer to paragraph 5-4.1e for specific magazine temperature recording requirements.

3-13. PERMISSIBLE STOWAGE. Generally, magazines are provided for each type of ammunition to be stowed aboard a ship. Ammunition and explosives are stowed in stowage spaces specifically designated to hold a single type of ammunition whenever possible. Where several magazines are available for stowing the same type of ammunition, the ammunition should be divided among them as equally as possible. However, ammunition stowage spaces aboard ship are often extremely limited necessitating mixed and compatible stowage. In combatant ship gun magazines, projectiles and propellants that are compatible may be stowed in the same space but must be segregated.

3-13.1. COMPATIBILITY GROUPS. Ammunition and explosives are assigned a compatibility group based on their similarity of function, features, and accident potential. NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 lists the compatibility group assigned to each NSN. The compatibility groups are:

a. Group A. Initiating (primary) explosives. Bulk initiating explosives that have the necessary sensitivity to heat, friction, or percussion to make them suitable for use as initiating elements in an explosive train. Examples include: bulk lead azide, lead styphnate, mercury fulminate, tetracene, dry cyclonite (RDX), and dry pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Group A materials are prohibited aboard combatant ships.

b. Group B. Detonators and similar initiating devices not containing two or more effective protective features. Items containing initiating explosives that are designed to initiate or continue the functioning of an explosive train. Examples include: detonators, blasting caps, small arms primers, and fuzes.

c. Group C. Bulk propellants, propelling charges, and devices containing propellant with, or without, its own means of ignition. Examples include: bulk single-, double-, or triple-base, and composite propellants, rocket motors (solid propellant), and propelled ammunition and explosives with inert projectiles.

d. Group D. Bulk black powder; bulk high explosive (HE); and ammunition and explosives without a propelling charge, but containing HE without its own means of initiation, i.e., no initiating

3-21


device is present or the device has two or more effective protective features. Examples include: bulk trinitrotoluene (TNT), Composition B, and black powder; bulk wet RDX or PETN; bombs, projectiles, cluster bomb units (CBU), depth charges, and torpedo warheads.

NOTE

Where sufficient stowage space is available, it is desirable to store bulk high explosives separately from ammunition containing high explosives even though they are both in the same compatibility group.

e. Group E. Ammunition and explosives containing HE without its own means of initiation and either containing, or with, a solid propelling charge. Examples include: artillery ammunition and explosives, rockets, and guided missiles.

f. Group F. Ammunition and explosives containing HE with its own means of initiation, i.e., the initiating device present has less than two effective protective features, and with or without a solid propelling charge. Examples include: grenades, sounding devices, and similar items having explosive trains with less than two effective protective features.

g. Group G. Illuminating, incendiary, and smoke (including hexachlorethane) or tear-producing ammunition and explosives excluding those that are water-activated or that contain white phosphorous (WP) or a flammable liquid or gel. Examples include: flares, signals, and pyrotechnic substances.

NOTE

Some compatibility group G ammunition may contain air activated (pyrophoric) material.

h. Group H. Ammunition and explosives containing WP. ammunition and explosives in this group contains fillers that are spontaneously flammable when exposed to the atmosphere. Examples include: WP, and plasticized white phosphorous.

i. Group J. Ammunition and explosives containing flammable liquids or gels other than those that are spontaneously flammable when exposed to water or the atmosphere. Examples include: liquid- or gel-filled incendiary ammunition and explosives, fuel-air explosive devices, and flammable liquid-fueled missiles and torpedoes.

j. Group K. Ammunition and explosives containing toxic chemical agents. Ammunition and explosives in this group contains chemicals specifically designed for incapacitating effects more severe than lachrymation (tear-producing). Examples include: artillery or mortar ammunition and explosives (fuzed or unfuzed), grenades, rockets and bombs filled with a lethal or incapacitating chemical agent.

k. Group L. Ammunition and explosives not included in other compatibility group. Ammunition and explosives having characteristics that present a special risk that does not permit storage with other types of ammunition and explosives, or other kinds of explosives, or dissimilar ammunition and explosives of this group. Examples include: water-activated devices, some pyrophorics and

3-22


phosphides and devices containing these substances, prepackaged hypergolic liquid-fueled rocket engines, triethyl aluminum (TEA), thickened TEA (TPA), and damaged or suspect ammunition and explosives of any group.

l. Group N. Ammunition and explosives articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances (EIDS).

m. Group S. Ammunition and explosives that presents no significant hazard. Ammunition and explosives packaged or designed so that any hazardous effects from accidental functioning are limited to an extent that they do not significantly hinder firefighting. Projections shall not exceed 6 ft-lb (8 joules (J)) in energy. Examples include: explosive switches or valves, and some small arms cartridges.

3-13.2. CRITERIA FOR COMPATIBILITY. CO, NOSSA is responsible for designating the stowage compatibility of ammunition and explosives. Compatibility requirements are divided into three categories: combatant ships, CLF and cargo ships, and AW ships. Compatibility for each category is based on different stowage criteria.

NOTE

Damaged or suspect ammunition may only be stowed if it has been certified to be safe for stowage. If it is certified safe, it may be stowed with serviceable ammunition.

3-13.2.1. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combatant Ships. Table 3-2 details the specific permissible ammunition stowage compatibility aboard combatant ships. For the purpose of this table, all hazard class 1.4 items of any compatibility group can be considered as compatibility group S item. Ordnance items of hazard classes 2 through 9 having a stowage compatibility group may also be stowed as a compatibility group S item. This table uses the ammunition compatibility groups described in paragraphs 3-13.1.

3-13.2.2. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships. Table 3-3 details the permissible mixing of compatibility groups of ammunition and explosives aboard CLF and cargo ships. It is based upon the compatibility groups as defined in paragraph 3-13.1.

3-13.2.3. Landing Force Ammunition Stowage Compatibility Chart for Amphibious Warfare Ships. Landing force ammunition consists of Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM), Naval Support Element (NSE), and training ammunition. It is a special category of support materiel and components carried aboard AW ships for use by Marine Expeditionary Units (MEU). The ordnance portion of landing force ammunition consists of Class V(A), also known as Mission Load Allowance (MLA), and Class V(W), which is aviation and ground ammunition, respectively. For specific loading, stowing, shoring, and breaking out of aviation ammunition [Class V(A)], refer to NAVSEA SG420-B5-WHS-010; for ground ammunition [Class V(W)], refer to NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010. NSE and landing force ammunition includes that ordnance required for special warfare units, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), beachmasters, and similar units. Landing force ammunition and explosives are divided into six ammunition groups that must be stowed separately. Table 3-4 details what landing force

3-23



ammunition, by Department of Transportation (DOT) compatibility group, is included in each ammunition group. Used in conjunction with paragraph 3-13 and table 3-4, appendix C defines each ammunition compatibility classification group and provides a list of examples of those items having similar compatibility, by NALC or DODIC, for each ammunition group.

a. Fume-Tight Bulkheads. The use of portable wooden fume-tight bulkheads is authorized for maintaining compatibility in accordance with table 3-4, except for WP, thermite (TH), and any other ammunition which requires chemical stowage. A description and specific requirements for fume-tight portable plywood bulkheads is provided in NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010. The bulkheads may also be used to separate non-hazardous materials (general cargo items and LFORM Classes I, II, IV and VIII only) from ammunition items. With the concurrence of the CO, the minimum number of plywood bulkheads may be removed for that period of time required to remove or stow ammunition in the subdivision. Bulkheads so removed shall be reinstalled following the completion of removing or stowing ammunition. This may be accomplished under the following circumstances:

(1) At approved explosive piers or anchorages to facilitate onload or offload of ammunition.

(2) Underway to facilitate ammunition cross-deck operations.

b. Amphibious Aviation Ordnance Stowage. On air capable amphibious ships which have not received the ships alterations (SHIPALTs) required to provide dedicated aviation ordnance stowage, aviation ordnance MLA and training ammunition which may be required prior to LFORM offload shall be stowed to allow free access without requiring movement of LFORM ammunition.

3-24

http://www.dot.gov/


Table 3-2. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for

Combatant Ships

(An “X” indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited)

NOTES:1. Explosives in Compatibility Group L may only be stowed in the same compartment or magazine with

identical explosives within Compatibility Group L.

2. Compatibility Group J missile systems and rocket motors may be stowed with articles of Compatibility Groups C, D, E, N and S. Compatibility Group J incendiary weapons are forbidden aboard Naval ships.

3. Commercial fireworks are forbidden aboard Naval ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition shall be stowed in top-side jettisonable lockers or other ready-service lockers overhanging the ship where direct burn-through will impact the water. Explosive articles in compatibility group G, other than commercial fireworks and those requiring special stowage, may be stowed with articles of compatibility Groups C,D, E, N, and S.

4. Projectiles with Compatibility Groups G, D, and H are compatible for stowage in accordance with paragraph 3-14.10.2b.

COMPATIBILITYGROUPS

A B C D E F G H J K L N S

A X

B X X

C X X X 3 2 X X

D X X X 3 4 2 X X

E X X X 3 4 2 X X

F X X

G 3 3 3 3 3 3

H 4 4 X X X

J 2 2 2 X 2 X

K X

L 1

N X X X 3 X 2 X X

S X X X X X 3 X X X X

3-25


Table 3-3. Ammunition and Explosives Stowage Compatibility Chart for

Combat Logistics Force (CLF) and Cargo Ships

(An “X” indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited.)

NOTES:1. Commercial fireworks are forbidden aboard Naval ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition shall be stowed in

top-side jettisonable lockers or other ready-service lockers overhanging the ship where direct burn-through will impact the water. Explosive articles in compatibility group G, other than commercial fireworks and those requiring special stowage, may be stowed with articles of compatibility Groups C,D, E, N, and S.

2. Explosives in Compatibility Group L may only be stowed in the same compartment or magazine with identical explosives within Compatibility Group L.

COMPATIBILITYGROUPS

A B C D E F G H J K L N S

A X

B X X

C X X X 1 X X

D X X X 1 X X

E X X X 1 X X

F X X

G 1 1 1 1 1 1

H X X

J X X

K X X

L 2

N X X X 1 X X

S X X X X X 1 X X X X X

3-26


Table 3-4. Compatibility Chart for Various Classes of Landing Force Ammunition

Stowed on Amphibious Assault Ships

(An “X” indicates permissible stowage. A number indicates permissible stowage with some restrictions, shown in notes below. A blank indicates stowage is prohibited.)

NOTES:1. HC smoke and small arms ammunition may be stowed with WP ammunition.

2. Stow in pyrotechnic locker, if available.

3. LPD Class ships are authorized to stow Compatibility Group G items with ammunition Group AA below decks, provided those items are in the original shipping containers.

4. Requires separate stowage on a weather deck, in a locker or other container readily accessible for jettisoning.

5. Except bombs or demolition charges.

6. Except Thermite (TH) ammunition.

7. Hazard Class 1.2 and 1.4 fuzes only.

8. Bombs only.

9. Demolition charges only.

10. TH ammunition only.

COMPATIBILITYGROUPS

AMMUNITION GROUPS

AA BB CC DD EE FF

B X

C X

D 5 7 8 9

E X

F X

G 2,3,6 4,10 1

H X

S X X X X

AMMUNITION GROUP KEY:Ammunition Group AA - Pyrotechnics in their original shipping containers, large caliber and small arms ammunition, HE-loaded items except bombs or demolition charges, grenades except WP, rockets, and missiles. Pyrotechnics not in original shipping containers should be stored in pyrotechnic lockers or magazines.

Ammunition Group BB - Detonators, blasting caps, initiating devices, Hazard Class 1.2 and 1.4 fuzes, and Compatibility Group S ammunition.

Ammunition Group CC - Bombs and Compatibility Groups S ammunition.

Ammunition Group DD - Demolition charges.

Ammunition Group EE - Thermite ammunition.

Ammunition Group FF - WP ammunition, HC smoke, and small arms ammunition.

If unable to determine the proper Ammunition Group from these definitions, check the Storage Compatibility Group and Hazard Class assigned to the item and use this table.

3-27


3-14. SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STOWAGE REGULATIONS. Ammunition items of specific ammunition types require special handling and stowage. The requirements of the pertinent technical manuals must be followed for the weapons being handled, stowed or used. The following paragraphs provide general requirements for safe handling and stowage applicable to the types of items listed. Complete compliance with all of these instructions is required to ensure safety. In addition, compliance with TYCOM directives governing SURGE Load specific weapons stowage arrangements and restrictions in aircraft carrier magazine is mandatory. Unless otherwise directed by the ammunition or explosive technical manual, grounding of ordnance during stowage or handling is not required.

3-14.1. MISSILES, ROCKETS AND TORPEDOES. The following handling and stowage requirements are for guided missiles, guided weapons, rockets, torpedoes, Jet-Assisted Take-Off (JATO) and Rocket Assisted Take-Off (RATO) units.

3-14.1.1. Handling Requirements. The following are specific handling requirements:

a. Guided Missiles and Guided Weapons. Guided missiles and guided weapons are normally shipped in protective shipping and storage containers or combination launcher-containers. Only the handling equipment specified for the missile or weapon shall be used when outside of its container. A bare unit that has been struck or dropped will not be used. It will be tagged non-serviceable and segregated until released for use by the Program Manager, or it shall be returned to an ammunition activity for inspection and any necessary rework. Guided missiles are ready-to-use units that require minimum shipboard maintenance. They shall not be disassembled. Prior to use, the unit should be visually inspected for physical damage in accordance with the appropriate technical manual. The unit shall not be used if it is punctured, dented or deformed. Where self-destruct devices are provided, they shall not be pre-armed or disassembled. Instructions for their use shall be followed explicitly. For air-launched missiles, care must be taken to prevent damage to wings, tails and fins prior to, during and after assembly. Damage to them can result in unsatisfactory performance of the missile. Stay clear of the exhaust cone and rear of the missile or weapon, whenever possible, to avoid injury from exhaust gases in case of accidental ignition. Full protective gear for body, lungs and eyes shall be worn during cleaning operations after an ignition in a closed space such as a magazine enclosed launcher. Personnel shall not be allowed to loiter in the vicinity of the exhaust vent of a missile compartment.

b. Rockets. Rockets are a significant safety hazard on Navy ships if exposed to a fuel fire, aircraft crash or an explosion. Mass detonation of the warhead or rocket motor may occur, and if ignited, the rocket will become propulsive and increase possible damage in the area. According to NAVAIR 00-80R-14, thermally protected rocket launchers (LAU-61C/A and LAU-68D/A), loaded with Mk 66 Rocket Motors with radio frequency (RF)/thermal barriers and fairings installed, will cook-off with 2-1/2 minutes with an explosion/detonation reaction. The hazard to firefighters is considered major after only 2 minutes. Only the Mk 66 Mod 4 (preferred) or Mk 66 Mod 2 Rocket Motors are authorized for shipboard employment. Immediately following assembly, rockets will be loaded into thermally protected rocket launchers (LAU-61C/A or LAU-61C/E) with RF/thermal barriers and fairing installed. The length of some warheads, assembled as an all-up round (AUR), extend beyond the launcher and precludes the use of front RF/thermal barriers. Rockets and launchers exposure outside the confines of the magazine shall be minimized by employing a just-in-time strike-up/staging process. Rocket motors are susceptible to shock. A cracked grain creates additional burning surfaces that can elevate the internal pressure of the steel skin of the motor beyond design limits leading to an explosion following an aircraft launch. Any

3-28


component that is listed in NAVSUP P-801, or has an outstanding NAR or AIN, or is cracked, dented bent or otherwise damaged or corroded shall not be used. Safety devices shall not be removed nor shall the items be altered in any way. Refer to NAVAIR 11-75A-92 for spiffier drop criteria for rocket motors. Rocket motors may be shipped and stowed separately as addressed in table 3-2 through 3-4. 2.75-inch rocket warheads are shipped with the fuze installed. Fleet removal of the fuze is prohibited. Rockets assembled for use, but not used, shall be returned to their original condition and shipping containers. Inert rocket components are normally stowed with other inert ammunition components. Rocket launchers require periodic electrical tests and repairs documented in OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series) and NAVAIR 11-75A-92.

(1) Rocket Assembly Requirements. Rockets shall remain in the shipping and stowage configuration until required for training or operational employment. Rocket assembly shall be accomplished in rocket assembly areas that may be separate from the magazine as on LHA and LHD class ships. On aircraft carriers, the assembly area is normally in a universal magazine. Table 3-5 identifies the only 2.75-inch rocket motor warhead configurations approved by the WSESRB for Marine Corps AH-1 and UH-1 Hot Tube Loading aboard aircraft carriers, LHA, LHD and LPD Class ships. Rocket assembly areas shall meet the design criteria in paragraph 5-4.6.1. Rocket assembly shall be strictly adhered to in accordance with NAVAIR 11-75A-92.

c. Torpedoes. Torpedoes are normally shipped in protective shipping and storage containers or combination launcher-containers. Only the handling equipment specified for the torpedo shall be used when outside of its container. A bare torpedo that has been struck or dropped beyond the distance specified in the appropriate technical manual will not be used. It will be tagged non-serviceable and segregated until released for use by the Program Manager or it shall be returned to an ammunition activity for inspection and any necessary rework. If damage to a torpedo or associated accessory is noted, it shall not be used, and the torpedo or accessory shall be classified as unserviceable and offloaded for maintenance. When any evidence of corrosion on the torpedo is noted, procedures in appropriate weapons technical manuals shall be followed. OTTO Fuel II is a liquid monopropellant that generally will not form a dangerous explosive mixture with air. OTTO Fuel II spills appear as a bright yellow color in a thin layer or, in larger volume, a reddish-orange color. All leaks and spills shall be kept to a minimum and shall be cleaned up at once. The use of solvents to cleanse OTTO Fuel II from the skin is prohibited (solvents tend to speed up the absorption of the fuel into the skin and magnify the effects of the exposure). An OTTO Fuel II spill kit must be readily available in the immediate area of the torpedo magazine. Refer to NAVSEA S6340-AA-MMA-010 for proper clean-up, firefighting and emergency procedures.

d. JATO and RATO Units. Any JATO or RATO unit dropped beyond the distance specified in the appropriate technical manual, or otherwise subjected to rough handling or has been exposed to unsafe conditions shall be clearly marked UNSAFE FOR USE and segregated for disposition to an ammunition activity. Refer to NAVAIR 11-85M-2 for specific handling instructions.

3-29



Table 3-5. DON-Approved 2.75-Inch Rocket Components (Sheet 1 of 2)

NALC NOMENCLATURE TRAINING CONTINGENCY

2W04Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor MK 66 MOD 2 (19 motors in LAU-61C/A) Not Authorized X1

2W05Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor MK 66 MOD 2 (7 motors in LAU-68D/A) Not Authorized X1

H121Launcher, 2.75-Inch LAU-61C/A Thermally Protected (19 shot) X X

H122Launcher, 2.75-Inch LAU-68D/A Thermally Protected (7 shot) X X

H663Warhead, WTU-1/B Practice (Inert) 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

H812Warhead, M257 Illumination (12 pin) 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

H813Warhead, M257 Illumination (6 pin) 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

H842Warhead, M151 High Explosive with M427 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

H843Warhead, M151 High Explosive with M423 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

H855Warhead, M156/E13 White Phosphorus with M427 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

H861Warhead, MK 67 MOD 0 White Phosphorus with M427 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

H892Warhead, MK 67 MOD 1 Red Phosphorus with MK 352 MOD 2 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

H893Warhead, MK 67 MOD 1 Red Phosphorus with M427 Fuze 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X2

HA03 Motor, MK 66 MOD 2 2.75-Inch Rocket X1 X1

HA06 Warhead, M278 Infrared 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

HA07 Motor, MK 66 MOD 4 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

HA23Warhead, WTU-1/B Practice (2 piece) 2.75-Inch Rocket X X

HA25Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor (19 MK 66 MOD 2 Motors in LAU-61C/A) X1 X1

3-30


3-14.1.2. Stowage Requirements. The following stowage requirements apply for guided missiles, rockets, torpedoes, and JATO and RATO units.

a. Guided Missiles. Guided missiles are stowed as AUR’s in designated magazines in their shipping containers or loaded in missile launchers or launching systems such as Vertical Launching Systems (VLS). When missiles are loaded in launchers or launching systems, they are not accessible to shipboard personnel. These loaded launchers and systems are subject to their unique monitoring and safety requirements, rather than to the requirements of a conventional magazine or locker. Temperature and humidity requirements specified in the missile technical manual must be followed. Air-launched missiles may be stowed on authorized OHE/AWSE in a ready-service configuration.

b. Rockets. Aircraft rockets, rocket motors, rocket warheads or AUR’s in their launchers shall be stowed in their authorized containers. Limited quantities of these rockets assembled in their launchers are authorized to be stowed in magazines. The temperature limitations and controls for separate loaded ammunition charges specified in paragraph 3-12.12.3 or specified for the specific round in the technical manual apply. All WP and PWP-filled rocket/warheads should be palletized and must be stowed vertically, base down.

c. Torpedoes. The following torpedo stowage requirements apply:

(1) Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Lightweight Torpedoes. Magazine stowage aboard combatant ships for fully assembled surface launched or air launched Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Warshot and Exercise Torpedoes is authorized in specifically designated magazines only. Most combatants stow only bare lightweight torpedoes in special chocks designed specifically for torpedo use. Combatant ships are also authorized to stow fully assembled surface launched Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Warshot and Exercise Torpedoes in their launchers. Completely assembled, ready-for-issue Mk 46 Warshot or

HA26Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor (7 MK 66 MOD 2 Motors in LAU-68D/A) X1 X1

HA27Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor (19 MK 66 MOD 4 Motors in LAU-61C/A) X X

HA28Cluster, 2.75-Inch Rocket Motor (7 MK 66 MOD 4 Motors in LAU-68D/A) X X

HY71 Warhead, WDU-4A/A Flechette2 2.75-Inch Rocket X3 X3

J147 Motor, MK 66 MOD 2 2.75-Inch Rocket Not Authorized X1

Notes: 1. Only cold tube loading is authorized.

2. Operational necessity is required. Training prior to imminent operational use is authorized.

3. For use with helicopters only.

Table 3-5. DON-Approved 2.75-Inch Rocket Components (Sheet 2 of 2)

NALC NOMENCLATURE TRAINING CONTINGENCY

3-31


Exercise Torpedos may be stowed in tender ship magazines, if the magazines are equipped with magazine-type sprinkling systems. To reduce the chance of boiler penetration and a lithium fire, Mk 50 Torpedoes must be stowed in Mk 714 Mod 1 Containers in armored magazines aboard aircraft carriers or in specifically designed and located chock positions in Mk 46, Mk 50 and Mk 54 Torpedo magazines aboard combatants. Protected locations are those having sufficient armor, alone or in combination with other devices, to minimize the risk of boiler penetration. When Mk 50 Warshot Torpedoes are stowed in Mk 714 Mod 1 Containers and the containers are adjacent to each other or stacked, the containers must be arranged nose to tail for maximum stowage safety. Mk 50 Torpedoes shall be stowed nose to tail and protective plates installed where provided when stowed bare in torpedo chocks. This nose to tail stowage position of Mk 50 Torpedoes prevents sympathetic detonation of a second Mk 50 Torpedo warhead in the event that one warhead is detonated by battle damage.

(2) Mk 48 Mods 4, 5, 6 and 7 Heavyweight Torpedoes. Mk 48 Mods 4, 5, 6 and 7 Warshot and Exercise Torpedoes are loaded aboard submarines fully ready for tube loading and launching. Submarines are authorized to stow torpedoes with warheads assembled. Completely assembled, ready-for-issue (RFI) Mk 48 Warshot and Exercise Torpedoes may be stowed in tender ship magazines, if the magazines are equipped with magazine-type sprinkling systems.

d. JATO and RATO Units. Two Mk 117 JATO Rocket Motors are used to launch the BQM-74E Aerial Drone from surface ship flight decks in support of fleet training or Operation UNITAS. The JATO unit is maintained on board only for the duration of the planned exercise. JATO units may be stowed in any magazine complying with the compatibility limitations of table 3-2. The BQM-74E Aerial Target Drone is received with explosive devices previously installed ashore, including NALCs 4W69, AWAA, AWAX and MG01. The target drone is normally stowed in the hangar deck until required for actual launch. One Mk 125 RATO Rocket Motor is used to launch the RQ-2B Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) from specially configured LPD-4 class ships containing dedicated stowage provisions.

3-14.2. BOMB-TYPE AMMUNITION. Bomb-type ammunition includes aircraft bombs, guided weapons, warheads, underwater mines, QUICKSTRIKE and their fuzes.

3-14.2.1. Handling Requirements. In placing or removing dunnage, care shall be taken to avoid a blow from a hammer or other hand tool. Bomb-type ammunition shall not be dropped or dragged. Detonators and fuzes shall be kept free of all foreign material. Fuzing of bomb-type ammunition should be performed in designated bomb assembly areas in accordance with the weapon’s technical manual and aircraft weapons/stores loading manuals. Steel instruments or tools which may cause sparks shall not be used for cleaning fuze holes or threads, booster or fuze cavities, or removing explosive exudate. Any fuzes removed from their shipping container in an armed condition or cracked, dented, deformed or corroded shall not be used. Fuzes that have been set to ARM shall be reset to the SAFE position before stowing. Any fuze that has been dropped beyond the distance specified in the appropriate technical manual shall not be used. Fuzes shall not be tested, disassembled, repaired, or modified aboard ship. Mechanical fuzing of bombs should be accomplished after the bombs are loaded on the aircraft. Fuzes which are susceptible to radio frequency (RF) radiation causing detonation or dudding shall be installed in a RF free location.

3-14.2.2. Stowage Requirements. Explosive bombs and bomb components shall be stowed strictly in accordance with tables 3-2 through 3-4, and TYCOM directives governing magazines. Bombs, fuzes,

3-32


boosters and inert components may be stowed in bomb assembly magazines during prolonged assembly operations and installed in bombs awaiting strike-up or disassembly. Bomb assembly shall be conducted in accordance with the governing NAVAIR Weapon Assembly Manual (WAM). When bomb assembly is no longer required, fuzes and boosters shall be re-stowed in their respective shipping containers and returned to compatible stowage. Inert components may be stowed in the bomb assembly magazine at the discretion of the ship’s Weapons Officer.

3-14.3. GUN AMMUNITION. Gun ammunition covers large caliber projectiles, fixed ammunition and mortars. Detailed descriptions for specific gun ammunition items are provided in NAVSEA SW030-AA-MMO-010 and NAVSEA SW010-AD-GTP-010. Projectiles include both separate loading and fixed ammunition projectiles, which can be base fuzed, nose fuzed or both.

3-14.3.1. Handling Requirements. Mass detonation of gun ammunition is likely to occur when subjected to the effects of fire, blast or fragments. WP-loaded projectiles do not contain auxiliary detonating fuzes and may be extremely dangerous when defuzed. Under no circumstances shall WP-loaded projectiles be fuzed or defuzed aboard ship since WP ignites spontaneously when exposed to air. Gun ammunition shall be handled with the following precautionary measures.

a. Fixed Ammunition. When a tank containing a fixed cartridge is dropped beyond the distance specified in the appropriate technical manual, the cartridge tank and its contents shall be rejected, identified, segregated, and disposed of by qualified personnel at the first opportunity.

b. Mortars. Complete mortar rounds, particularly rounds with fuzes, shall be handled with care. This ammunition is considered an unusual hazard since rough handling is likely to arm or break the fuze and explode the bursting charge.

3-14.3.2. Stowage Requirements. Magazines designed for stowage of gun ammunition are equipped with designated fittings to secure and protect the projectiles, bands, fuzes, caps and windshields. WP-loaded projectiles shall be stowed vertically base down in special racks separated as far as possible from other projectiles. Stowage bins shall be marked as to the exact contents. Fuze cavities and threads shall be kept free from all foreign material.

3-14.4. GUN PROPELLANT CHARGES. Gun propellant charges include separated ammunition charges and saluting charges.

3-14.4.1. Handling Requirements. Care shall be taken to avoid denting the thin-walled body of the cartridge tank, opening the body seams, or loosening the top or bottom crimp, thereby permitting exposure of the charge (powder) to the atmosphere. Care must be taken to protect the primer from accidental impact with projections or objects that might fire the primer and cause the charge to ignite. Before being used, all saluting cartridges shall be inspected to ensure the primers and plugs or wads are properly seated.

3-14.4.2. Stowage Requirements. It is imperative that the cartridge tank lids remain securely in place to retain an airtight seal. The detection of any unusual odor shall be investigated immediately. On completion of a stowage evolution, the top of each propelling charge tank shall be inspected to ensure that it has not become loose during handling. Loose tank lids may be tightened in the magazine using a

3-33


spark-resistant wrench. Lock wires on tank lids shall be used and replaced as necessary. Tanks containing propellant charges shall be stowed so that covers may be removed and the charges made accessible without disturbing other tanks. Where limited space in a ship’s magazine makes it necessary, tanks containing propelling charges issued for gunnery exercises may be temporarily stowed in such a way to require moving a minimum number of these tanks to gain access and remove the covers of all tanks.

3-14.5. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. Small arms ammunition is for rifles, automatic rifles, carbines, pistols, shotguns, machine guns up to .60 caliber, 14.5mm and 20mm ammunition that does not have high explosive or incendiary-loaded projectiles. Detailed descriptions for specific small arms ammunition items are provided in NAVSEA SW010-AD-GTP-010 and NAVAIR 11-1-119 (for aviation 20mm and 25mm gun ammunition).

3-14.5.1. Handling Requirements. Small arms ammunition shall be carefully protected from moisture, heat, dirt, and against blows or shock that might dent or fire the primer. It shall not be exposed to direct sunlight for any considerable length of time. Small arms ammunition shall not be placed haphazardly in a container allowing the projectile of one round to contact the primer of another. The use of small arms and small arms ammunition has resulted in numerous casualties. Invariably, the basic cause of each casualty is CARELESSNESS.

a. Condition of Cartridge Cases. Cartridge cases shall not be polished, but corrosion, moisture, and dirt should be wiped off. The use of grease or oil on cartridges is prohibited. The ammunition shall be protected from any shock that might dent or fire the primer.

b. Depleted Uranium (DU) Ammunition. DU ammunition consists of a sub-caliber heavy metal penetrator of DU. Permitted DU material will be handled afloat in accordance with the following and the Navy Radioactive Material Permit (NRMP) Number 13-00164-L1NP, referred to as the permit. The residual radiation level of the DU, primarily alpha particles, is so low as to present no hazards to personnel. The only personnel hazard from DU is its toxicity, that is, the possibility of heavy metal poisoning if any DU is ingested or absorbed into the body. In an unfired state, DU ammunition penetrators are encapsulated in a sabot that effectively protects operating personnel from contact with the heavy metal. However, if the round becomes damaged and the penetrator is exposed, or debris from enemy targets or other sources that have been hit by DU penetrator rounds are handled or recovered, then personnel may be exposed to heavy metal poisoning. Personal hygiene is paramount to prevent heavy metal poisoning. Personnel should wash hands and all exposed skin thoroughly. Clothing should be removed and laundered. Personnel who handle the Mk 15 Phalanx DU ammunition are required to follow the procedures contained in NAVSEA SW221-BF-MMO-060, NAVSEA SW221-JO-MMO-010, or NAVSEA SW221-BH-MMO-010 (as appropriate) and the permit. Personnel who handle damaged Mk 15 Phalanx DU ammunition that may have the DU penetrator exposed shall wear heavy gloves, wash hands thoroughly afterwards, have any cuts or breaks in their skin sustained from handling the DU ammunition examined by a medical officer, and avoid breathing or ingestion of DU.

3-14.5.2. Stowage Requirements. Small arms ammunition shall normally be stowed in sealed containers. Limited quantities may be stowed in a locker or safe in the ship’s armory, squadron or security office. When limited quantities are required to be stowed, containers which have been opened shall be resealed to prevent theft. Stowage is permissible in either bandoleers or manufacturer provided

3-34


cardboard boxes. When stowed in a small arms magazine rack and bin stowage system, the appropriate securing method approved by NAVSEA shall be provided to permit stowage in sealed containers.

a. DU Ammunition. Permitted DU material will be stowed afloat in accordance with the following and the permit. TYCOMs whose ships stow DU ammunition are required to have a current copy of the permit, which can be obtained from NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane (Code 4012) or by accessing their DU website at: https://wwwex.crane.navy.mil/du. The TYCOM shall be responsible for assuring NRMP compliance and that a designated individual aboard each ship is assigned the responsibility for compliance. Refer to paragraph D-3.6 for the required DU safety signs to be posted in the approved stowage locations. All ship classes that stow DU ammunition have been evaluated by NAVSEASYSCOM to ensure personnel occupying spaces adjacent to stowage compartments are adequately shielded. Radiation and radioactive contamination surveys are not required. To the maximum extent possible, Mk 149 Mods 4 and subsequent Cartridges containing tungsten penetrators shall be stacked around the exterior bulkheads of the magazine in tiers. Priority of placement shall be provided for magazine bulkheads that share an interface with ships forces (i.e., work and living spaces or any area where ships forces are sedentary for several hours. This stacking configuration will result in the stowage of DU ammunition away from occupied spaces and provide additional shielding and stand-off in keeping with standard radiation safety practices.

3-14.6. GRENADES. Grenades are small hand-held fragmentation, smoke producing, concussion and illuminating devices.

3-14.6.1. Handling Requirements. Particular care is required in handling grenades since they are subject to accidental functioning from rough handling. Ensure safety pins are in place before using. Never use the pull ring of a fuze or grenade for lifting or handling. Make sure that the safety pin is secure in the fuze before removing the fuze. All hand grenades except training grenades are fitted with a delay-action-fuze. For grenade assembly and additional details, refer to NAVSEA SW010-AD-GTP-010.

3-14.6.2. Stowage Requirements. Grenades are subject to accidental functioning from deterioration under unfavorable stowage conditions. Grenades shall be stowed in their original shipping containers. Practice grenades may be stowed in separate lockers within the small arms magazine. Thermite grenades shall be stowed in specially fabricated jettisonable lockers insulated with a layer of sand which is a minimum of six inches deep on the bottom and three inches thick on each side as shown in NAVSHIPS Drawing 804-6397302. If the lockers are hanging completely over the side of the ship, there is no requirement for the sand. Thermite grenades are prohibited aboard submarines.

3-14.7. CARTRIDGE AND PROPELLANT ACTUATED DEVICES. Cartridge Actuated Devices (CAD’s) are small, self-contained energy sources that are used to do mechanical work. Propellant Actuated Devices (PAD’s) include such devices as catapults, rocket catapults, and rocket motors which are used in aircrew escape propulsion system (AEPS). Complete instructions governing the safe handling and use of CAD’s and PAD’s are provided in NAVAIR 11-100-1.1.

3-14.7.1. Handling Requirements. CAD’s and PAD’s shall be handled carefully to prevent shock or friction which may cause a fire or damage the material. Shipping containers shall not be dropped, dragged, thrown or otherwise subjected to rough handling. They shall be protected from moisture, high temperature, and direct sunlight. Extreme care must be exercised to avoid any action that might result in an inadvertent activation of CAD’s and PAD’s. CAD’s and PAD’s are dangerous and are historically

3-35

https://wwwex.crane.navy.mil/du


responsible for the majority of explosive mishaps. Any CAD or PAD that fails after initiating action is taken shall be considered misfired or dudded ordnance and shall be handled as such. Any item that has been fired will be handled as explosives material because residual explosives may still be present.

3-14.7.2. Stowage Requirements. CAD’s and PAD’s must be stowed in ammunition magazines or lockers. Many CAD’s and PAD’s have shelf and service lives. Accordingly, the date the shipping package or container is opened must be recorded on the package or container, entered into the ship’s ammunition accounting system, and the CAD/PAD must be marked in accordance with the appropriate technical manuals.

3-14.8. PYROTECHNIC AMMUNITION. Pyrotechnic ammunition includes all devices containing materials designed to produce illumination, devices for marking or signaling, and incendiary affects or smoke screens. Pyrotechnic ammunition is adversely affected by excessively high or variable temperatures, and proper functioning is frequently affected by moisture. Some pyrotechnics become more sensitive and dangerous when exposed to moisture while others become more difficult to ignite and less operationally dependable. Detailed descriptions for specific pyrotechnic items are provided in NAVSEA SW050-AB-MMA-010/NAVAIR 11-15-7. Requirements for WP and incendiary pyrotechnics are described in paragraph 3-14.10.

3-14.8.1. Handling Requirements. All container seals must be kept intact until prepared for use. Some pyrotechnic ordnance is armed and ignited by variations in the surrounding environment. Under no circumstances shall sealing features be loosened, removed, or tampered. NAVSEA SW020-AC-ORD-010 identifies the toxic hazards associated with pyrotechnic items. The detailed descriptions and the methods of functioning of the various pyrotechnic items must be thoroughly understood by all personnel concerned with their use. Breakout of pyrotechnics shall be limited to that quantity required to meet operational commitments. All personnel shall stand clear when the breech of any pyrotechnic ejector is opened. If a pyrotechnic device cannot be launched from an ejector after making several attempts, the device shall be removed by qualified Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel. In the absence of EOD personnel, removal may be accomplished by ordnance personnel qualified for the process. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA) or Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) shall be worn by personnel exposed to high concentrations of smoke generated by any pyrotechnic device. Deteriorated or damaged pyrotechnics shall be disposed of as soon as possible. Devices awaiting disposition shall be carefully segregated.

a. Aircraft Parachute Flares. The assembly of aircraft parachute flares into their dispensers must be conducted only on the weather decks (for aircraft carriers), in space 03-58-1-Q (aboard LHA’s) and in space 03-53-1-Q (aboard LHD’s). However, flare assembly is prohibited in any ammunition stowage space. If a flare is prepared in all respects for launching, but is not launched, the safety pin or other restraining features must be restored to its original condition. If safing devices cannot be restored to their original condition, the flare shall be downloaded in the presence of EOD personnel for disposal by authorized means in accordance with NAVAIR 11-140-7.

b. Pyrophoric Expendable Infrared Countermeasures (IRCM). The MJU-27, MJU-48, MJU-50, MJU-52 and MJU-64 Series Airborne Expendable Countermeasures (AECM) devices contain a pyrophoric metal payload that ignites spontaneously in the air following ejection from the aircraft. These devices are packaged in fire-retardant foam that will not ignite on exposure to the pyrophoric metal. Only one flare container for each workbench shall be opened at a time for assembly into countermeasure

3-36


buckets or magazines. According to NAVAIR 11-140-7, when handling pyrophoric flares, leather gloves and safety/face shields must be worn. Each device shall be inspected for damage including missing closure discs before any attempt is made to load it into a dispenser. Damaged devices shall not be loaded into dispensers. If the payload is visible at any time, it should be considered active and shall be disposed of in accordance with NAVAIR 11-140-7. Although highly unlikely, if a flare ignites accidentally, the primary hazard is the secondary fire that may be created. A pyrophoric metal reaction can be controlled by inhibiting airflow to the pyrophoric metal using water, foam or carbon dioxide. Detailed descriptions and procedures for specific AECM devices are provided in NAVAIR 11-140-7.

3-14.8.2. Stowage Requirements. Pyrotechnic ammunition shall be stowed in cool, dry, well-ventilated magazines, or top-side in special pyrotechnic lockers located on the weather decks of surface ships. Either stowage space must be kept completely dry at all times, to avoid moisture, deterioration or water activation. Pyrotechnic ammunition must never be stowed in direct sunlight which could generate excessively high temperatures. As a general rule, pyrotechnic ordnance that has been armed or prepared for use (made ready) but not used, and which can be safed (restored to it’s original container/packaging), may be returned to stowage. If the ordnance cannot be made safe and returned to it’s container/packaging, it shall not be restowed below decks, but shall be stowed in either secure, jettisonable lockers or water proof lockers located above decks. If none of these stowage arrangements are available, the items shall be disposed of by qualified personnel.

a. Water-Activated Pyrotechnic Ammunition. Water-activated pyrotechnic ammunition shall not be stowed in magazines or lockers having sprinkling systems except for sea water battery initiated pyrotechnics (including Mk 25 and Mk 58 Marine Location Markers) which may be stowed in sprinkled magazines or lockers only when in their original unopened containers. Once these items have been prepared for use, they cannot be positively safed. Under no circumstances shall these devices be stowed in sprinkled magazines and they shall not be stowed with other non-water-activated devices. If an un-sprinkled pyrotechnic magazine is not available, aircraft mission ready or returned marine location markers shall be stowed in a jettisonable topside locker. For magazines used to stow water-activated devices that have been removed from their original shipping containers, the sprinkler system (and circuit FH sprinkler alarm, if designed) shall be placed in lay-up in accordance with PMS procedures and no other non-water-activated device(s) shall be stowed in that un-sprinkled magazine.

b. Ready-Service Illumination Signals. Ready-service illumination signals and pistols shall be stowed in their shipping container or in an appropriate metal container in suitable mounting brackets. A ready service locker may be used as an alternative to the mounting brackets. They shall be protected from weather including direct sunlight.

c. Pyrotechnic Signals for Submarines. Submarine pyrotechnic signals shall be stowed in primary, floodable lockers or immediate service (non-floodable) lockers which are located near the signal ejectors. Water-activated countermeasures devices shall be stowed in separate non-floodable lockers.

d. In Port Stowage Requirements. Upon arrival in port, all pyrotechnic items, except signals for boats and life rafts, shall be removed from racks, clips and other open locations and shall be stowed in secured pyrotechnic lockers or magazines.

3-37


e. Aircraft Parachute Flares. Loaded aircraft parachute flare dispensers may be stowed in ready-service magazines or temporarily kept in weapon assembly areas, provided the dispensers are safed. Externally-carried aircraft parachute flares, with suspension bands will be removed from the ready-service magazine, transported to an authorized disassembly area, and returned to stowage in accordance with NAVAIR 11-140-7.

3-14.9. DEMOLITION MATERIELS. Demolition materiels are those explosive charges and incendiaries together with necessary accessories that are deliberately placed for the express purpose of destroying or altering objects or obstacles. Refer to NAVSEA SW060-AA-MMA-010 for descriptions, handling, stowage and use hazard requirements for specific items.

3-14.9.1. Handling Requirements. The utmost care shall be exercised when handling demolition materiels to prevent shock or friction which may cause a fire, explosion or damage the materiel. They shall not be thrown, dropped, dragged or otherwise subjected to rough handling. Exposure to inclement weather or direct sunlight shall be avoided. Such exposure increases sensitivity and deterioration. Do not open a container of demolition materiels in the stowage area. Only remove the quantity of materiel required to perform the operation. Do not leave these materiels open where they may be exposed to flame, excessive heat, sparks, or impact. Only use the proper tools to open containers of demolition materiels. Containers shall not be left uncovered and must be in the custody of authorized personnel at all times. Ensure that all unused materiels are returned to their properly secured containers and that they are returned to authorized magazines or stowage areas. The assembly of EOD, Sea Air and Land (SEAL), Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) or SOF mission specific explosives will be performed in accordance with the appropriate technical manual and only in designated or CO/Master approved areas.

3-14.9.2. Stowage Requirements. All demolition materiels shall be stowed in their shipping containers or those containers approved for ready service stowage. Demolition charge initiators shall not be stowed in locations subject to heavy shock or vibration, or in the same box, container or magazine with demolition charges or if other explosives are present.

a. Submarine Stowage. Blasting caps or firing devices of demolition charges shall be stowed using proper security measures in the small arms ammunition lockers, or if available, in a three-tumbler combination safe. A means to measure and record the temperature shall be provided, when required, as specified in paragraph 5-6.

b. EOD Ready Response Kits. The nature of these kits requires immediate access by EOD personnel. Kits containing only Hazard Class/Division (HC/D) 1.4 ordnance items shall be stowed in a dedicated ready service locker in proximity to EOD spaces, or, if unavailable and with Type Commander (TYCOM) or deployed operational commander approval, in safes or acceptable locked cabinets within the EOD spaces. Initiating cartridges are to be kept separate from the non-electric detonators (shock tube) while stowed in the kits. The addition of the shock tube will also include all appropriate inert firing devices and connectors. Stowage of shock tubes will be limited to 1,000 feet per kit at any given time. When stowed in workspaces, the kits shall be afforded the same safety and security requirements as they would have received if magazine stowed. Special attention is directed to separating the kits from ordinary combustibles, temperature measurement/control, placarding, accountability, and fire and damage control considerations.

3-38


3-14.10. CHEMICAL AMMUNITION. Chemical ammunition may include a variety of items such as projectiles, grenades, and rocket warheads. Their effects depend primarily upon the chemical agent contained in them rather than on explosion or fragmentation, even though they may contain explosives, ignition elements, or pyrotechnic materials to activate them. The term chemical agent includes lethal and causality agents, riot control and incapacitating agents, smoke producing agents, incendiaries, and pyrotechnic compounds required for the dissemination of these agents. NAVSEA SW073-AC-MMA-010 describes the types of chemical munitions and classifies them into groups based on the action of the agent, the degree and type of hazard, and the type of protection required. This manual identifies the safety precautions associated with each chemical agent, and provides stowage, handling and functional requirements necessary for correct and safe use to achieve maximum effectiveness. Chemical ammunition classified as lethal (Group A) or incapacitating (Group B) shall not be carried aboard ship unless specifically authorized by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). When such authorization is given, CO, NOSSA will provide detailed instructions, special handling and stowage requirements for them. Smoke producing ammunition (Group B) is authorized aboard ships. Handling, stowage and use hazard requirements for WP (Group C) are provided in NAVSEA SW050-AB-MMA-010/NAVAIR 11-15-7. Handling, stowage and use hazard requirements for incendiary materiel (Group D) are provided in NAVSEA SW060-AA-MMA-010.

3-14.10.1. Handling Requirements. Personnel shall not eat or drink at any site where chemical munitions are being handled. Protective equipment for the particular chemical hazard shall be worn or in the immediate vicinity during handling operations.

a. Smoke Producing Ammunition (Group B). Care must be taken to prevent exposure of any smoke producing ammunition to moisture. They should be handled carefully to avoid damage that could affect their watertight integrity because they may ignite spontaneously on exposure to moisture. The fire, once started, is difficult to control.

b. White Phosphorous (WP) Ammunition (Group C). Loaded WP ammunition shall be handled carefully to retain its airtight seal. Personnel involved in handling WP “leakers” shall be provided with goggles or face shields, heavy leather or rubber gloves, and rubber aprons. Gloves, aprons and shoes should be kept wetted down. A separate storage locker outside the designated WP assembly area is required to store the required emergency protective equipment. WP will spontaneously ignite if exposed to air. If combustion occurs in a confined space, the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the space may not be sufficient to support life. Further, high concentration of the vapors from burning WP are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, lungs and skin. WP vapors and fires can be best controlled by complete immersion of the leaking item of WP in a tank of water which shall be kept available in the handling area. Immersion tanks are also required in areas designated for WP assembly. Vapors and fires can also be controlled by the application of firefighting nozzle fog pattern, however, WP will re-ignite when it has dried. Exposed WP shall be kept wet until all traces are washed or scraped overboard. Any indication of smoke within the magazine shall be investigated and the appropriate action taken.

c. Incendiary Ammunition (Group D). This group consists of flammable and incendiary materials for which conventional firefighting methods usually are not effective. Their fumes and combustion products are, in most instances, highly toxic when inhaled or in contact with the skin. Incendiary ammunition, if ignited, reacts with water, oxygen-containing compounds and halogenated hydrocarbons. Fumes and combustion products should be avoided. Dry sand which may be used ashore

3-39



to control an incendiary fire, is not practical for firefighting aboard ship. If incendiary ammunition is ignited, jettison the container or locker. If the incendiary ammunition cannot be jettisoned, an incendiary fire should be left undisturbed until the fire is out. Fire spread to nearby combustibles may be controlled with large quantities of water, if necessary.

3-14.10.2. Stowage Requirements. Chemical ammunition shall normally be stowed in dry, well ventilated lockers, containers or spaces above deck which can be jettisoned in an emergency. Such stowage shall be located away from the ship’s ventilation intakes or other openings. Separate stowage is mandatory if the quantity of any type of chemical ammunition is large. All specified temperature and humidity limits must be maintained. All containers shall be stowed so that their identification marks can be easily read.

a. Smoke Producing Ammunition (Group B). Smoke producing ammunition shall be stowed to prevent exposure to direct sunlight, rain or salt water spray.

b. WP Ammunition (Group C). WP ammunition should be stowed separately. WP ammunition must be stowed where temperatures can be maintained below 100º F since WP melts at 110º F. If the space is equipped with a ventilating system, the system shall not be used except as required to maintain the ambient temperature in the stowage space below 100º F. The space shall be equipped with a sprinkling system. When WP loaded projectiles are stowed in the same magazine with other projectiles, the WP projectiles shall be segregated to the greatest extent possible from the others in the special racks provided. WP projectiles and rocket warheads shall be stowed base down to prevent them from becoming unbalanced should the WP filler melt and subsequently solidify. When readiness so requires, WP projectiles may be stowed in upper handling rooms immediately before firing.

c. Incendiary Ammunition (Group D). Incendiary ammunition requires separate stowage in special above deck lockers in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing 804-6397302 or in containers which can be jettisoned, and as described below:

(1) On all ships, incendiary ammunition shall be stowed in specially fabricated jettisonable lockers insulated with a layer of sand which is a minimum of 6 inches deep on the bottom and 3 inches thick on each side. If the lockers are hanging completely over the side of the ship, there is no requirement for the sand.

(2) Ammunition containing TEA is to be considered extremely hazardous and shall not be stowed in magazines or ammunition holds when carried aboard ship. This ammunition requires separate stowage in non-sprinkled spaces or areas in a locker which can be jettisoned in an emergency.

3-14.11. INERT ORDNANCE. Inert ordnance includes inert ammunition, components, drill ammunition, dummy, and similar non-explosive items. This ammunition as well as its containers shall be carefully marked so that it cannot be confused with service ammunition.

3-14.11.1. Handling Requirements. Inert ordnance shall receive the same care and attention during handling as is given to live ammunition. Precautions shall be taken to avoid defacing or marring identification markings.

3-40


3-14.11.2. Stowage Requirements. Inert ordnance and components can be stowed in magazines with service ammunition or with ship’s stores. The items shall be segregated to the maximum extent possible. In addition, this ordnance shall be color coded in accordance with NAVSEA SW010-AF-ORD-010 to ensure ready identification of this ordnance from live ammunition. No inert ordnance may be placed in a service magazine or location unless it is color coded and its container properly marked.

3-14.12. HYPERGOLIC AND FUEL AIR EXPLOSIVES (FAE) MIXTURES. Unless specifically approved by CNO, hypergolic and FAE mixtures are prohibited aboard U.S. Navy ships. Refer to NAVSEA S9000-AB-GTP-010 for specific hypergolic mixture safety requirements and special handling procedures.

3-41/(3-42 Blank)



CHAPTER 4

TRANSFER OF AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES

4-1. GENERAL. This chapter provides the general requirements for the safe preparation and transfer of ammunition and explosives pierside and at sea.

4-2. AMMUNITION RECEIPT INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. Ammunition received shall be identified and accounted for as to quantity and quality by the unit afloat as addressed in NAVSUP P-724. Refer to NAVSUP Publication P-807 or the applicable weapons technical manual for additional receipt inspection or transfer of ammunition requirements. For unserviceable, suspended or limited use ammunition requirements, and any Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR), Overhead Fire (OHF) or Ammunition Information Notice (AIN), refer to NAVSUP Publication P-801. Ships shall verify that restrictions, suspensions or limitations have not been imposed since the ammunition was issued. Ammunition containers showing evidence of having been tampered with shall be opened and inspected prior to being stowed. The following requirements are provided to assist in identifying and inspecting ammunition and explosives received aboard ship:

4-2.1. AMMUNITION IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL. Ammunition is identified by a Department of Defense Identification Code (DODIC) or a Navy Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC), a National Stock Number (NSN), and a Ammunition Lot Number (ALN) or Serial Number (S/N). NAVSUP Publication P-802 details the mandatory identification and control requirements.

4-2.2. ORDNANCE CONTAINER TRACEABLE SEALS. Traceable seals are required by NAVSUP Publication P-807 for all ammunition and explosives. Traceable seals identify the last activity or unit that packaged the ammunition. Explosive mishap reports (EMR) and conventional ordnance deficiency reports (CODRs), as described in paragraph 2-28, shall include the three digit assigned number from one die (anvil) and the unit identification code (UIC) from the other die (anvil) on the seal. Ordnance shall not be removed from shipping and storage containers unless it is necessary to remove it for stowage, inspection or use. Security or traceable seals on containers shall not be broken until the ammunition is removed from the container. Seals that are broken shall not be reused. Traceable seals shall not be applied to non-ready-for-issue (non-RFI) ammunition except as noted below. Refer to OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series) for arms, ammunition and explosives security requirements.

4-3. OFFLOAD CRITERIA. NAVSUP Publication P-724 provides Fleet reporting instructions and disposition requirements for ammunition and explosives. The ship’s CO or Master is required to ensure that expired ammunition and explosives are identified and offloaded. Ammunition is usually retained aboard ship until:

a. The ship enters a shipyard as described in paragraph 2-17;

4-1



b. Inspection, test or operational deficiencies are found in the ammunition;

c. Stowage temperature and time requirements have been exceeded;

d. A notice of ammunition reclassification (NAR) issued in accordance with NAVSUP Publication P-801, reclassifies the ammunition to an unusable status;

e. Mission change requires offload; or

f. The ammunition service life, shelf life, or maintenance due date (MDD) expires.

4-3.1. AMMUNITION SERVICE LIFE. Service life is a period of time assigned to ammunition during which the performance of that ammunition is considered to be satisfactory. Service life is a calculation based on the ammunition’s performance. Program managers adjust service life based on analysis of firing reports, quality evaluation data, inspection and test data from maintenance activities, and mishap reports. Ammunition that has been assigned a service life will be identified with an expiration date such as “MAINTENANCE DUE DATE” for air-launched missiles or “MISSILE FIRING EXPIRATION DATE” for surface-launched missiles. Ammunition with a service life is usually serial number controlled and renewable (the service life is restarted) following inspection, test, component replacement or other maintenance action. Ammunition with an expired service life will be returned to a shore activity for disposition unless an extension is provided by the ammunition program manager or the service life can be renewed aboard ship through maintenance action. OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series) provides guidance on the service life of air-launched weapons. Detailed guidance for the service life of Cartridge Actuated Devices (CADs) and Propellant Actuated Devices (PADs) is provided in NAVAIR 11-100-1.1.

4-3.2. AMMUNITION WITHOUT A SERVICE LIFE. A service life is not assigned to all ammunition. Some types of ammunition, such as gun ammunition, is lot or serial number controlled and is, therefore, considered serviceable until it fails shipboard inspection or is reclassified by a NAR issued in accordance with NAVSUP Publication P-801.

4-3.3. AMMUNITION SHELF LIFE. Shelf life is a period of time that certain ammunition may remain in stowage in its original, sealed container. CAD’s are an example of ammunition that has a shelf life. Some ammunition with a shelf life also has a service life which begins when the sealed container is opened.

4-4. RETURN OF UNSAFE, ARMED OR SUSPECT AMMUNITION OR EXPLOSIVES. Unsafe, armed or suspect ammunition or explosives shall not be offloaded concurrently with any other ammunition or explosives. If the nature of the safety deficiency permits, the unsafe or suspect ammunition or explosives shall be offloaded last. This will reduce the total amount of explosives aboard the ship to minimize the effect of any mishap. Deficiencies such as leaking fuel shall be offloaded first. The receiving activity shall be notified that unsafe ammunition or explosives require offload. Additionally, the receiving activity shall be notified of any item declared a hazardous waste by a NAR. Ammunition or explosives that has a NAR indicating that any of the following criteria apply shall not be moved except as directed.

4-2



a. Unsafe to handle or stow;

b. Armed or cannot be determined to be safe; or

c. Any ammunition or explosive that contains a critical safety deficiency.

4-5. AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES INSPECTION PRIOR TO OFFLOAD OR TRANSFER. All ships returning from deployment that offload or transfer ammunition and explosives are required to assure that the ammunition is safe, correctly identified and packaged, and all deficiencies are documented. Refer to NAVSUP Publication P-807 and the applicable weapons technical manual for additional transfer inspection of ammunition requirements. Ammunition and explosives shall not be mixed with dissimilar compatibility groups, or materials or items that present possible hazards. When mixed ammunition is packaged together for transfer to a shore activity, the compatibility requirements of NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 and NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 must be met for storage ashore. Ammunition and explosives in substandard or damaged packaging, or in suspect condition shall be properly segregated and securely packed. Contents shall be clearly identified and marked to indicate this condition.

4-6. PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS. Prior to packaging, all ammunition and explosives shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements found in paragraph 4-2. When a shipping container has been opened, it should be closed at the earliest possible time to minimize exposure of the contents to the atmosphere. Desiccant shall be replaced as necessary. The exterior of the shipping containers shall be visually inspected to verify that as a minimum the proper nomenclature, including the assigned NALC or DODIC, lot numbers, serials numbers, and Department of Transportation (DOT) markings are present, correct and legible. Consult the appropriate weapons technical manual for any additional marking requirements. Refer to NAVSUP Publication P-807 for additional packaging and marking requirements.

4-6.1. LIGHT BOXES. Ammunition and explosives may be received, stowed and issued in containers with a quantity of items less than specified for the original container. When an approved package contains less ammunition or explosives than it is designed to contain, the box must be specifically marked as a "LIGHT BOX" (or "LITE BOX") in the largest practical letters using a contrasting orange color scheme (for example, black letters on an orange background, or orange letters on a white background) on the tops, sides, and ends of the container. The marking may be applied using paint/stencil ink or by applying pre-printed tape or labels. Partially filled boxes, not part of a unit load, shall be closed securely and placed conspicuously on top of the proper stacks within appropriate height limitations. A unit load containing empty or light boxes shall be identified by quantity per box and/or number of empty boxes. This information shall be shown near the pallet identification markings. As addressed in NAVSUP Publication P-807, the following additional provisions apply:

a. Containers identified as light boxes that are placed in stowage and are not marked as specified are acceptable to remain in stowage as is, and do not require marking corrections until the ammunition is issued or transferred to another ship or activity (either as individual containers or unit loads).

b. Light box marking requirements do not apply to non-standard packs (ammunition not packaged in its prescribed container) as defined in NAVSUP P-807.

c. Light box marking requirements do not apply during to ammunition containers in ready services magazines.

4-3


4-6.2. PALLETIZATION. Numerous packages of ammunition and explosives are normally received on ships in the form of palletized unit loads. Definitively, a palletized unit load is two or more items (or packages) arranged symmetrically on a wood or steel pallet, secured together with steel strapping (banding) and seals to the pallet, so as to be handled or stowed as a single unit. Face shields/eye protection and leather palm gloves shall be worn when installing or removing steel strapping. Refer to NAVSEA OP 2173 for a description of the pallets authorized for use with ammunition and explosives.

4-6.2.1. Wood Pallets. Landing force cargo/ammunition, Class V(W), aboard amphibious warfare ships use wood pallets when configured as a unit load in accordance with the appropriate Weapons Requirement (WR-55) or Packaging Digest for Marine Corps Class V(W) Material (NSWC/CR/RDTR-96K). Likewise, wood pallets are used for transshipment purposes (point to point movement) aboard Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships when configured as a unit load in accordance with the applicable MIL-STD-1322 or WR-53 packaging requirement. Any split boards, loose or protruding nails must be replaced before using wood pallets. The use of wood pallets during underway replenishment (UNREP) operations is only authorized when used with nylon webbing cargo net slings (commonly known as "cargo nets").

4-6.2.2. Steel Pallets. The three commonly used steel pallets are the Mk 3 Mod 0 Pallet, the Mk 12 Mod 0 Material Handling Pallet, and the Mk 12 Mod 1 Material Handling Pallet. These pallets are used for the transfer at sea of ammunition and explosives during UNREP operations when configured as a fleet issue unit load (FIUL) as described in paragraph 4-6.3.

4-6.3. FLEET ISSUE UNIT LOADS. Ammunition and explosives intended to be transferred at sea during UNREP operations shall be packaged as a fleet issue unit load (FIUL) in accordance with the applicable MIL-STD-1323 slash sheet, WR-54 or WR-55 dash sheet, or NAVSEA drawing documented in NAVSEA S9571-AA-MMA-010. Face shields/eye protection and leather palm gloves shall be worn when installing or removing steel strapping. When a FIUL packaging requirement is not available, the ship should contact the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Indian Head Division Detachment Earle, Naval Packaging, Handling, Shipping and Transportation (PHST) Center (Code E4), via the appropriate type commander (TYCOM), for packaging instructions. All unit loads shall be inspected and if deficiencies, such as broken strapping, broken or missing container lifting rings, or cracked launch lugs are identified which prevents the safe handling or return of the ordnance, they must be corrected prior to offload.

4-6.4. PARTIAL UNIT LOADS. Partial unit loads, including the use of wood fillers or spacers to fill voids, are acceptable provided they conform to the specification portion of the appropriate MIL-STD-1322, MIL-STD-1323, WR-54, WR-55 or NAVSEA drawing. Face shields/eye protection and leather palm gloves shall be worn when installing or removing steel strapping. Likewise, outer packages that have been certified and marked as "EMPTY" in accordance with NAVSUP P-807 and complying with paragraph 4-9, or that are marked as a "LIGHT" box may be used with similar outer packages containing ammunition and explosives for the construction of unit loads. However, all "EMPTY" and "LIGHT" packages shall be placed conspicuously (i.e., on the outside or the top layer) on the unit load.

4-7. PIERSIDE AMMUNITION TRANSFER EVOLUTIONS. In addition to Explosive Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) related handling requirements found in paragraph 2-8, the following apply:

4-4



4-7.1. BILGES. Boiler room and engine room bilges shall be clean and free of oil or unnecessary residue before the ship proceeds to an ammunition terminal or explosives anchorage. The bilges shall be maintained in this condition during the entire time the ship is moored at either location.

4-7.2. FUELING. Fueling operations shall not be conducted concurrently on the same pier or at anchorage with ammunition handling operations. Refer to NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1 for detailed information.

4-7.3. VISITORS AND PARKING. Nonessential personnel shall not be permitted access to a ship while ammunition handling is in progress. Parking of privately owned vehicles, ship’s vehicles, or assigned government transportation should be prohibited on a pier where ammunition and explosives are to be handled. On large piers where vehicular parking can be accomplished without obstructing emergency response vehicles, parking on the piers may be authorized by the local activity commander provided vehicular traffic through the ordnance handling area is prohibited. To ensure completely unobstructed access for firefighting or other emergency vehicles, piers shall be inspected for and cleared of all unauthorized vehicles and equipment before ammunition handling begins.

4-7.4. DISCONTINUED OPERATION. If a loading or offloading operation is not completed during the working day, or if the operation is discontinued temporarily, the ammunition and explosives shall be guarded and protected against fire. A crew of sufficient number shall be present aboard to adequately cover any emergency.

4-7.5. NIGHT OPERATIONS. In addition to the requirements of paragraph 2-9 and under the regulations prescribed in NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 1, ammunition and explosives shall not be loaded or offloaded from a ship at night unless the ship’s CO/Master has approved the night ordnance handling operations.

4-7.6. BELT CONVEYORS. Electric-powered elevating and transporting belt conveyors may be used to load, unload and transfer small quantities of ammunition and explosives between a dock, pier or platform and a lighter, barge, or other vessel provided they comply with the below requirements:

a. The belt speed does not exceed the capability of the handling crews at the discharge end with a maximum speed not to exceed 120 feet per minute.

b. Cleats are attached to the belt when the angle of elevation exceeds 15 degrees.

c. The discharge end is attended at all times during an operation.

d. The motor may be stopped instantly at either end of the conveyor by conveniently using the push-button switches.

4-7.7. SMALL QUANTITY OPERATIONS. Loading and unloading of 5 pounds or less Net Explosive Weight (NEW) of Hazard Class/Division 1.4S material does not generate an ESQD arc, and is not considered a pierside ammunition handling evolution for the purposes of this manual.

4-8. UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT (UNREP) OPERATIONS. UNREP includes connected replenishment (CONREP) and vertical replenishment (VERTREP) and is the authorized method of transferring ammunition and explosives between ships at sea. All ammunition and explosives must be

4-5


packaged as a FIUL in accordance with the requirements found in paragraph 4-6. The required procedures for safely handling and transferring all FIULs during UNREP operations are described in NAVSEA S9571-AA-MMA-010. Approved rigging systems for CONREP, such as Standard Tension Replenishment Alongside Method (STREAM), and their installation and operating procedures are specified in NWP 4-01.4. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) requirements in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 must be followed during UNREP operations.

4-9. RETURN OF EMPTY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (HM) CONTAINERS. As ammunition is expended for peacetime training or in combat, empty reusable ammunition and explosive hazardous material (HM) containers will accumulate and must be offloaded. NAVSUP P-724 requires compliance with NAVSUP P-807 for the return of all HM containers used for the transportation and storage of ammunition and explosives. An Explosive Incident Report (EIR) shall be used in accordance with OPNAVINST 5102.1 (series) to report a container received as EMPTY by an activity, but found to contain live ammunition or explosives during inspection. The container shall be treated as recovered material in accordance with OPNAVINST 3100.6 (series). The following regulations from NAVSUP P-807 shall be followed prior to shipping empty HM containers:

a. A sentencing (visual) inspection in accordance with NAVSUP P-807 and the governing weapon or container technical manual is conducted to verify the material condition of the container and to verify the container is empty.

b. All exterior markings on the container that referred to the ordnance have been obliterated. These markings include lot numbers, serial numbers, maintenance due dates (MDD’s), and DOT and UN markings.

c. A traceable seal, described in paragraph 4-2.2, is affixed.

d. The exterior of the container is marked by one of the following methods:

(1) “EMPTY” is stenciled in approximately 1-inch high letters on both ends and at least one side.

NOTE

Serviceable, emptied containers are intended for re-use. To prevent increased maintenance costs, stenciling shall be accomplished neatly

and in a reasonable size. Avoid stenciling or marking over permanent markings. Also, take care to ensure permanent markings are not removed or obliterated.

(2) An “EMPTY” label is affixed on both ends and at least one side.

e. Authenticated material condition code tag or label is stamped “EMPTY” (one per container).

f. Empty containers shall be transacted into the Retail Ordnance Logistics Management System (ROLMS) in a timely manner in accordance with NAVSUP P-724.

4-6




CHAPTER 5

SHIP DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS

5-1. INTRODUCTION. This chapter provides ship design performance requirements and standards to ensure the safety of ammunition and explosives assembly, stowage, handling, security, monitoring, and protection from fire. This chapter is applicable to all ships owned, chartered or operated by the Department of the Navy (DON). It is also applicable to other vessels, which carry Naval ammunition and explosives, including Military Sealift Command vessels. These requirements apply to new construction, redesign, repeat/modified design, conversion, and in-service ships and submarines.

5-2. RISK MANAGEMENT DURING ACQUISITION. The ship design requirements and standards documented herein are intended to minimize the risks associated with ammunition and explosives used and transported aboard Naval ships and are mandatory. When the requirements of this chapter cannot be met, the risk must be explicitly accepted as part of the risk assessment process. Accordingly, residual risks which cannot satisfactorily be eliminated or reduced must be managed and accepted. Acceptance of managed explosives safety risks is made by the appropriate decision authority as required by Department of Defense Instruction (DODINST) 5000.2. The seriousness of the risk is determined by the hazard probability and severity, as defined in MIL-STD-882 (series). This risk assessment shall be validated by the Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (CO, NOSSA) and the appropriate Technical Warrant holders within the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM). For ships not in the acquisition process, the waiver and exemption process described in paragraph 1-9 apply.

5-2.1. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES DURING ACQUISITION. New ship and weapon system acquisition programs may seek to reduce costs and enhance performance by considering emergent technologies and innovative processes which present an acceptable level of safety, but are not recognized by the existing safety requirements of this document. When an emergent technology is proposed, a Technical Review Panel (TRP) may be requested from CO, NOSSA to assist new ship and weapon system acquisition and other programs to propose and validate updates to this manual which permit the use of acceptable emergent technologies and processes. Upon the request of an acquisition or other program, CO, NOSSA will establish and chair a NAVSEA OP-4 Update TRP with technical support from the appropriate NAVSEA warrant holder(s) and major participation by the requesting program. The requesting program will be responsible for financial sponsorship of this TRP. The TRP will consider and endorse changes to this manual that are demonstrated to provide equivalent or acceptable levels of safety to the current requirements of this document. The TRP will assist the sponsoring program in determining what studies, demonstrations, tests or other efforts would be necessary to validate acceptability and provide oversight support to the program in conducting those efforts. The TRP will also support Weapons System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB) review. Once approved, the updated changes to this manual will permit use of acceptable emergent technologies and innovative processes, thus eliminating the need for explicit risk acceptance, waivers and exemptions described in paragraph 5-2.

5-1






5-3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, STANDARDS AND CONFIGURATIONS. These requirements apply to new construction, redesign, repeat/modified design, conversion, and in-service ships.

5-3.1. APPROVED HANDLING EQUIPMENT. Only the commands identified in paragraph 3-9.1 shall approve handling equipment used for all operations involving ammunition and explosives. These commands shall maintain an official record of handling equipment qualified and approved for its intended use. This record must contain, as a minimum:

a. A description of the item with the assigned safe working load (SWL).

b. A complete drawing package.

c. A qualifying test or analysis report.

d. A configuration control plan, containing associated maintenance plans, operating instructions, weight testing arrangements and other deliverable documentation required to support the handling equipment at the user level.

5-3.2. ORDNANCE HANDLING SYSTEMS. Shipboard handling systems shall be provided for the efficient horizontal and vertical movement of ordnance. There are many different possible designs for these systems. However, all of these systems have common requirements to ensure the handling of ordnance is performed as safely as possible. Shipboard-installed handling systems designated to handle ordnance shall be qualified by NAVSEASYSCOM. This applies both to the equipment used to move the ordnance and the path where the ordnance is moved. A Ship Installation Assurance Test (SIAT) in accordance with OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series) shall be performed when an air-launched weapons facility or interfacing equipment is installed or modified such that the handling, stowage, assembly or checkout of the weapons are affected. A Consolidated Operability Test (COT), also defined in OPNAVINST 8000.16 (series), shall be invoked in shipbuilding contracts to demonstrate satisfactory installation and safe operation of all weapons handling and support facilities on new construction ships. These tests shall demonstrate that the systems are satisfactorily designed, fabricated, installed, aligned, and adjusted.

5-3.2.1. Operating Conditions for Ship-Installed Ordnance Handling Systems. Ship-installed ordnance handling systems and equipment shall be capable of operating satisfactorily and safely up to limits as required for the armament systems they serve.

5-3.2.2. Shipboard-Installed Handling Equipment Design Load Requirements. Shipboard-installed handling equipment shall be capable of satisfactory operation while carrying the rated load for the specified duty cycle, under environmental and specified operating conditions for the ship. The following requirements apply:

a. Handling equipment shall be capable of holding the rated load and maintaining its static position under equipment specified holding conditions.

b. Under the equipment operating conditions, the combined stresses, acting both individually and concurrently, in load bearing structural and mechanical components of the equipment, shall not

5-2




exceed 35 percent of the yield strength of the material used, calculated on the basis of the operating design load.

c. Under the equipment holding conditions, the combined stresses, acting both individually and concurrently, in load bearing structural and mechanical components of the equipment, shall not exceed 70 percent of the yield strength of the material used, calculated on the basis of operating design load.

d. Powered handling equipment shall be designed so that under extreme loading conditions (e.g. impact, load test, drive motor stall torque, or limits of load limiting devices), the combined stresses shall not exceed 70 percent of the minimum yield strength of the material used in the load bearing structural and mechanical components.

e. In handling equipment using load bearing wire rope or load chain, stresses shall not exceed 20 percent of the breaking strength of the load bearing wire rope, or 20 percent of the breaking load of the load chain.

f. Handling equipment shall be designed for fail safe operation.

5-3.2.3. Handling System Design Features. For new shipboard-installed handling system designs, a Fault Tree Analysis or other recognized method of determining hazards to personnel or the ordnance load while being handled by the system shall be performed to ensure all necessary features are incorporated to protect personnel from injury and the ordnance from damage. The following requirements are based on maintaining positive control of the handling system and ordnance being carried and protecting the handling system and ordnance from impacting the ship’s structure.

a. Handling Routes. Designated handling routes shall permit unobstructed movement of the ordnance.

b. Fall Protection. Portable or automatic guard devices shall be provided around deck openings (elevator trunks and hatchways) for personnel, materials handling equipment (MHE) and ordnance handling equipment (OHE).

c. Hatch Markings. Flush deck hatches shall have a red and yellow striped safety margin painted around the hatch opening as shown in figure 5-1.

d. Fail-Safe Devices. The handling system shall be provided with interlocks, safety devices, and protective devices so that it will be fail-safe.

e. Alternate Movement. A means shall be provided to safely raise or lower the ordnance load following a control system or power failure.

f. Controls. Controls shall be provided for the safe operation of the handling system. These controls shall be clearly marked to show their functions.

5-3


FIGURE 5-1. Safety Margin Hatches Hangar Deck and Flight Deck

g. Emergency Stop Switches. Powered-handling equipment, and track and portable hoists shall be equipped with emergency stop switches, which remove power from the control system. The emergency stop switches shall be located, as a minimum, at each control station.

h. Positive Traversing and Braking. Positive traversing and braking features (e.g. rack and pinion, sprocket and chain, or hydraulic cylinders) shall be provided for powered traversing handling equipment.

i. Mechanical Braking. Horizontal and vertical handling equipment shall incorporate a mechanical brake, installed in the drive train, which automatically engages when the drive train power actuating control is in the “off” position. Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders shall use holding valves to maintain position.

j. Mechanical Stops. Positive mechanical stops shall be provided at the extreme limits of handling range of travel except as described in this paragraph. Mechanical stops shall be cushioned to prevent damage to the ordnance if impacted at the maximum operating speed. Where positive stops are not practical or the ordnance could be damaged if the handling device contacts the positive stop, a limit device shall be provided that stops movement of the drive before the maximum travel limit is reached. Where positive stops are not practical and a limit device malfunction would cause a catastrophic failure to the handling device or damage to the ordnance, a secondary limit device shall be provided.

k. Power Down. Lifting or hoisting devices shall use the power source to raise and lower the load. Slipping the brake to lower the load or the use of slip clutches are prohibited as the primary means of motion.

5-4


l. Limit Devices. Handling equipment, which has rotation or topping capability, such as cranes, shall have limit devices to prevent the equipment from contacting any ship structure.

m. Vertical Handling Equipment. Vertical handling devices transporting a load between decks shall be constrained to prevent damage to the device or load resulting from horizontal movement. Tag or guidelines can be provided to meet this requirement for emergency handling, handling dockside, and at explosives anchorage. Horizontal restraint is not required in normal workshop operation, lateral handling movements, and over-the-side transfers. Vertical handling operations using guide rails shall have a mechanical safety device to stop the platform in case of slack or failure of wire rope, chain or other lifting methods. Refer to paragraph 3-9.2.2e

n. Collision Damage. Where two pieces of handling equipment can operate on the same track or rail, provisions shall be provided to prevent collision resulting in damage to the ordnance or equipment at the maximum operating speed of the equipment.

o. Derailment Protection. Handling systems using rails or tracks shall be equipped with a device to prevent derailment in case of failure of the travel wheels or guide rollers.

p. Hooks. Weight handling equipment (WHE) with hooks shall be equipped with safety devices for preventing the ordnance load from becoming disengaged from the hook.

q. Lifting Devices with Platforms. Lifting devices with platforms shall be provided with a means to prevent distortion or tipping of the platform under non-uniform loading, shall have a means for securing the ordnance to the platform (unless equipped with side and end guards), and shall have safety margin markings as described in paragraph 3-8.3 and as illustrated in figure 3-1.

r. Wire Rope and Load Chains. Wire rope and load chains shall have a minimum factor of safety of 5:1. This is based on a ratio of the minimum breaking strength to the operating design for wire rope and the ratio of the breaking load to the operating design load for load chains. Fittings and connecting parts used in load chains (link and roller) and wire rope applications shall have a minimum factor of safety of 5:1, based on a ratio of yield strength to operating design load. Where load-bearing wire ropes have protective covers or coatings for weapons protection, the coatings or covers shall be transparent to permit visual inspection of the section of rope.

s. Wire Rope Drums. Hoisting equipment using wire rope shall have at least 2½ full turns, except for weapons elevators which shall have 1½ turns, of wire rope remaining on the drum when the hoist is extended to its lowest position.

t. Instruction Chart. An instruction chart, showing all operating features, functions, and safety precautions applicable to the equipment shall be mounted near or on the equipment or the adjacent structure. The chart shall be mounted so that it can be easily read from an advantageous position or operating station, such as elevators, cranes, or hoists.

u. Hoses. Where quick-disconnect fittings are used, a safety wire or chain shall be provided to restrain the hose in the event of inadvertent disconnection.

5-5


v. Jettison Ramps. Where ordnance is loaded on multiple aircraft or staged on the flight deck simultaneously, ramps to overboard jettison the ordnance in an emergency shall be provided. These jettison ramps shall be located in several locations around the deck edge, as necessary, depending on the quantity and location of the ordnance expected on the flight deck at a given time. The ramps shall permit the ordnance, and any skids the ordnance is mounted on, to exit the deck without contacting catwalks, safety nets and other objects outboard of the deck edge.

w. Weapons Handling Equipment Tiedowns. Tiedowns shall be provided to secure all weapons handling equipment in magazines, cargo holds, stowage areas or maintenance areas.

5-3.2.4. Location of Handling Systems. Ordnance handling systems shall be located where personnel can safely operate and maintain the system. The system shall be protected from the effects of vibration and shock due to gun and missile blast, and impact from shell casings, sabots and other debris as defined by the applicable Program Executive Office (PEO)/Program Manager (PM) for the particular weapon system.

5-3.3. MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT (MHE). MHE shall be designed, tested and qualified to meet the minimum requirements specified in the appropriate military specifications or Commercial Item Description Sheet (CIDS) and with the requirements of NAVSEA SW023-AH-WHM-010.

5-3.4. PORTABLE ORDNANCE HANDLING EQUIPMENT (OHE). Portable OHE, defined in paragraph 3-9.2, as a minimum, must meet the design guidelines prescribed in MIL-STD-1365 and shall be approved for use with ammunition and explosives by the appropriate cognizant authority described in paragraph 3-9.1.

5-3.5. MACHINERY GUARDS. Guards shall be provided in locations where a person might come in contact with moving and rotating machinery.

5-3.6. SHOCK AND VIBRATION. Weapons handling and stowage systems shall meet grade A shock requirements of MIL-S-901, as necessary to meet the ship’s operational requirements. Weapons stowage equipment shall meet grade A shock requirements in the loaded and unloaded condition, unless otherwise specified. Stowage equipment for small arms ammunition, pyrotechnics, and miscellaneous ordnance shall meet grade B shock requirements in the unloaded and loaded condition. Weapons handling and stowage systems shall meet the requirements of MIL-STD-167/1 or MIL-STD-167/2, as appropriate.

5-3.7. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO).

5-3.7.1. Intent. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) hazards stem from the functional characteristics of electrically initiated devices (EIDs) commonly used in ordnance systems. EMR hazards are the result of absorption of electromagnetic energy by the firing circuitry of EIDs. EIDs can accidentally or unintentionally initiate when exposed to radio frequency (RF) environments resulting in a safety or reliability consequence/situation. In general, ordnance is most susceptible to RF environments during assembly, disassembly, handling, loading, and unloading. This publication prescribes both general and specific HERO requirements, operating procedures and precautions for the safe handling, transporting

5-6


and storing or ordnance items and systems containing EIDs in order to prevent their premature initiation when the possibility of exposure to EMR exists. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 classifies and delineates all electrically initiated ordnance items and systems that have been evaluated for HERO. Such ordnance is classified as HERO SAFE, HERO SUSCEPTIBLE or HERO UNSAFE/UNRELIABLE. It further establishes the safe separation distance between HERO SUSCEPTIBLE and HERO UNSAFE/UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE, and various types of RF emitters, provides the means to calculate the RF environment, understand and apply the operational HERO requirements and develop the HERO Emissions control (EMCON) bill. The HERO EMCON bill is set of directions for implementing HERO restrictions on ships and shore stations. Its purpose is to prescribe, through advanced planning the easiest most efficient method of managing the conflict between the electromagnetic environment (EME) created by high-power transmitting equipment and HERO classified ordnance. Additionally, NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 provides the procedures for requesting a HERO survey.

5-3.7.2. Requirements. To minimize the risks associated with HERO, the requirements of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 must be strictly adhered to. An EMCON Bill must be developed for each ship. Any ordnance that is damaged or not in its approved packaging should only be handled when the highest EMCON Level required for that device is set in accordance with NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2.

5-3.8. GROUNDING. A ground system separate from other electrical grounds shall be used for ordnance. An adequate ground is one which provides a continuous conductive electrical path from a person, metal structure of an aircraft or other vehicle, or the metal case or frame of a weapon to the metal structure of the ship. General guidance on the establishment of a ground point is as follows:

a. Identify a suitable metal structural member to support the ground point. The structural member must discernibly supply an electrical path to the ship’s hull. Ground paths shall never be terminated at:

1. Electrical conduits or wiring coverings;

2. Gas, air or steam pipes or tubing;

3. Sprinkling systems, including dry sprinkling systems;

4. Electrical source neutral points;

5. Hydraulic, fuel or lubricating lines;

6. Electronic transmitter cables, waveguides or ground leads; or

7. Internal communication signal system conduits;

b. Identify a small area (suggest 2 inches by 2 inches) on the selected member to be the grounding point.

c. Remove all paint from the selected point.

5-7


d. To facilitate the attachment of ground cables to the ground point, a copper bolt may be brazed, a steel bolt/stud may be welded, or a hole may be drilled for a bolted-type connection.

e. Measure the DC electrical resistance between the selected structural member and the ship’s hull. The measured resistance must be less than 1 ohm.

f. The grounding point must be labeled so it can easily be identified as appropriate for grounding during explosives operations. Contact CO, NOSSA for additional ordnance ground design requirements.

5-3.9. GROUNDING CABLES. Grounding cables are used for the connecting of ordnance to the grounding system for prevention of electrostatic spark discharge. Grounding cables include all cables with a reusable clipping or clamping device on one or both ends including cables inside containers and shipping fixtures. Grounding cables shall not be confused with bonding conductors which have a permanent connection (i.e. bolted or welded) at both ends.

5-3.9.1. Requirements. All grounding cables shall have 1 ohm or less clip-to-clip or clip-to-structure resistance except for reel type grounding cables that must have a clip-to-structure resistance of 25 ohms or less.

5-3.9.2. Electrical Test Specification. The grounding cable electrical test consists of an electrical resistance measurement from clip-to-clip or from clip-to-connect structure. When testing cables with permanent connections at one end, care shall be taken to test from the clip to the structure (through the permanent connection) to verify the integrity of the permanent connection. Paint on the permanently connected end is acceptable as long as electrical testing proves the paint is not inhibiting the electrical connection.

5-3.10. FIREFIGHTING COVERAGE. Fire hose or Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) hose coverage shall be provided for all locations where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, assembled, staged, temporarily held in readiness, or handled along a path of travel.

5-4. MAGAZINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. NAVSEASYSCOM (SEA-05) designates the authorized spaces and provides storage plan templates where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness. NAVAIRSYSCOM provides stowage plan templates for aviation magazines. No alterations or modifications to magazines shall be made without the approval of NAVSEASYSCOM. Ship's magazines must be designed and arranged with regard to facility of supply, ammunition unique stowage requirements, ammunition compatibility, and ship survivability. Magazines which do not comply with the design requirements of this manual shall be reported to CO, NOSSA and NAVSEASYSCOM in accordance with paragraph 1-9.

5-4.1. GENERAL MAGAZINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Magazines are considered vital spaces. Vital space boundaries shall provide protection from fumes, fire, and flooding in order to assure continued operation of equipment and protection of personnel. Ballistic protection may be required for these magazines. Vital spaces entirely or partially below the flooding water levels (V-lines) shall have watertight boundaries. Vital spaces entirely above the V-lines shall have airtight boundaries, except where one or more boundaries are required to be watertight or oil tight for other purposes. Vital spaces,

5-8






except fan rooms and electronic cooling equipment rooms, are considered manned. The following requirements apply to the design of all magazines:

a. Quantity. Sufficient magazines shall be provided to assure the ammunition stowage compatibility requirements as described in paragraph 3-13 can be accomplished.

b. Location. Magazines shall not share a common bulkhead, deck or overhead with flammable or combustible liquid or other hazardous material storerooms. Magazines may be located adjacent to fuel tanks. Magazines shall be located below the waterline to the maximum extent possible. With the exception of 40mm saluting charges, 40mm and larger ammunition and cargo ammunition magazines shall not be located directly under or adjacent to flight decks or steering gear rooms. Where practical, magazines (except those within a ballistic-protected envelope) shall not share a common bulkhead or intermediate deck and shall be provided with ballistic protection consistent with the ship’s vulnerability and survivability requirements.

c. Stowage Temperature. Magazines shall maintain the stowage environment limits specified in technical manuals for the ammunition to be stowed. In the absence of specific ammunition stowage environment requirements, magazines shall maintain a stowage temperature of less than 100º F. Magazines must be designed to avoid rapid, wide-ranging changes in temperature.

d. Firing Temperature. When stowage in a magazine, launcher or gun system requires that a firing temperature limit be maintained which is different from the stowage temperature limit, the system shall be capable of maintaining the firing temperature limits required for the ammunition to be stowed.

e. Temperature Recording. Magazines shall be fitted with thermometers and temperature record cards and holders, or temperature sensing devices. They must be capable of recording minimum and maximum temperatures. Where no functional automated temperature indication system is present, at least one bimetallic thermometer shall be placed in each designated ammunition magazine or locker. The thermometer shall be located in a readily accessible area where maximum variations of temperature will normally occur. Where installation of the thermometer and bracket interferes with stowed material or equipment, the thermometer shall be mounted in a boss on the outside with the stem projecting inside the stowage space. These thermometers shall be direct-reading, bimetallic thermometers with maximum and minimum index pointers and a reset knob. They shall meet the specifications of MIL-I-17244. Thermometers shall have a temperature range of -40 to 180º F, a 3-inch, back-connected dial, and a 4-inch stem. For applications which do not require recording of minimum temperatures, a bimetallic thermometer with a maximum index pointer only is also acceptable. The thermometer shall be mounted in a L-shaped bracket in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing 810-1385917 and attached to the supporting structure. Refer to paragraph 3-12.12.3 for specific magazine temperature limitations.

f. Ventilation. Magazine requirements for temperature limits, ventilation rates, humidity limits and special system requirements shall be in accordance with NAVSEA 0938-LP-018-0010. The supply ventilation ducts and the exhaust ventilation outlets to and from magazines shall be fitted with covers for maintaining a watertight condition and with wire-mesh screens on exhaust vents. Watertight closures are required at watertight boundary penetrations in ducts. Exceptions to this requirement are handling rooms located above the damage control deck if each room is served by an independent Class W or Class Circle W system. The closures shall be a quick acting type, manually operated, and permanently installed. If

5-9


the magazine is located below the damage control deck, the closures shall be located inside the magazines and controlled locally. Closures, except those classified X, shall also have remote control by flexible shafting or push-pull type from the adjacent space through which access is obtained. If the magazine is located above the damage control deck, the closures may be located inside or outside the compartment. Where ventilation ducting is used as an overflow for sprinkling, and a closure is installed in the ducting, a bypass containing a check valve shall be installed.

g. Combustible Material. Combustible material, including wood, is not authorized for use as part of the magazine structure. Fire-retardant treated wooden subdivision bulkheads conforming to MIL-L-19140, category I, may be used in magazines on amphibious warfare ships as described in paragraph 3-13.2.3a.

h. Drains Magazines with sprinkling, water injection, deluge or flooding systems shall have a drainage or dewatering system. Magazines, ready service rooms and missile checkout and assembly areas, located above the lowest weather deck and adjacent to the weather, shall drain through the bulkhead via a check valve to the weather. Where these spaces are not located adjacent to the weather, drainage shall be directly overboard via deck drains and independent drain piping having a check valve at the shell. Magazines that cannot be drained overboard by gravity shall be drained by portable pumps, either through the overhead access, where available, or through a drain pipe installed through the bulkhead and terminating in an adjacent handling room, access or passage. This drain pipe shall terminate low on the bulkhead and be fitted with a hose valve and cap. A valved vent shall be installed high on the bulkhead near the drain valve. Condensate from gravity type air conditioning coils in magazines located above the waterline shall drain to the waste drain system. Condensate from coils in magazines located below the waterline shall drain to a bilge sump or condensate drain tank located outside of the magazine. Condensate piping penetrations of bulkheads shall include a check valve and cutout valve. When providing external drains is not possible, coils shall be drained to 5-gallon aluminum cans located in accessible locations in the open passageways of the magazine stowage. Sufficient cans shall be used so the capacity is equal to 12 hours of collected condensate.

i. Lighting. Lighting fixtures in magazines shall be either fluorescent, light emitting diode (LED), or remote source. Fluorescent and LED lighting fixtures shall be watertight. Lighting in magazines shall be sufficient to allow reading of markings on bulkheads and containers stowed within. Relay-operated lighting shall not be installed in magazines unless approved by NAVSEASYSCOM. Explosion-proof fixtures are required only where there may be an explosive atmospheric condition. Portable battle lanterns shall be installed so that there is, at a minimum, one to illuminate each access closure and one to illuminate each passing scuttle. One additional lantern per 200 square feet shall be installed, preferably on stanchions, to illuminate aisle spaces.

j. Ammunition Securing Systems. Magazines shall be fitted with stowage fittings, restraint systems, racks or other necessary fittings to prevent ammunition from shifting due to shock or ship movement under maximum sea state conditions. Depending upon the type of ammunition they contain, magazines shall be fitted with brackets for short cartridges, projectile fuze cap and tank wrenches, projectile carriers, and buckets, shelves, temperature card holders, eyebolts and padeyes and other required equipment to support operations therein. A stowage container shall be provided for cartridge tank covers removed during gun loading. Portable fittings may be kept in aisles and passageways if handling space permits. Equipment and installed fittings in powder magazines shall be non-spark-producing. Refer to table 3-1 for the appropriate shipboard technical manual associated with

5-10


cargo stowage requirements. Refer to paragraph 5-4.2.7 for the various types of ammunition securing systems.

k. Electrical Cabling. Electrical cabling shall not normally be routed through magazines unless required for the magazine. Where routing of non-associated cabling through the magazine is unavoidable, the cabling shall be of unbroken length without splices or coupling connectors and shall be protected from damage. Electrical fittings in magazines shall be watertight.

l. Piping. Piping shall not normally be routed through magazines unless required for the magazine. Where routing of non-magazine essential piping through, or into, the magazine is unavoidable, there shall be no takedown joints, valves, or clean-out ports in the pipe run within the magazine. Where takedown joints or clean-out ports are part of an existing design, these joints or ports shall be welded closed. Although some non-magazine essential piping may be routed through a magazine when unavoidable, no service piping for flammable liquids, gases or other hazardous materials shall be routed through magazines. If shipboard arrangements require overflow lines, air escapes, and sounding tubes from fuel tanks to run through magazines, those pipes shall be equipped with protection guards as described in paragraph 5-4.1t.

m. RF Transmitting Equipment.

(1) RF transmitting equipment shall not be installed or used in magazines without the approval of CO, NOSSA. The use of RF transmitting equipment shall not create an electromagnetic environment (EME) greater than that of the “NO HAZARD” area of the "Graph and Equations for Computing Safe Field Strength/Distance for HERO UNSAFE or HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE as a Function of Communications Frequencies" or "Graph and Equations for Computing Safe Field Strength/Distance for HERO UNSAFE or HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE as a Function of Radar Frequencies" figures depicted in NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2. The EME created shall take into account the maximum number of emitters transmitting simultaneously, including any existing emitters already installed.

(2) Flexible waveguides shall not be routed through magazines. Rigid, continuous run waveguides with no splices are authorized. “Lossy line” coaxial cable runs (e.g., HYDRA) shall not be installed, used, or terminated (i.e., with an antenna) in magazines without the approval from CO, NOSSA.

n. Doors and Hatches. All magazine doors and hatches and shall open outward, except where the swing of the door would block other access closures or interfere with personnel egress paths, or used to form a structural blast-resistant boundary to support blow-out areas such as the Peripheral Vertical Launching System (PVLS) magazine on DD(X) class ships. Door and hatch accesses shall be designed so that they cannot be tampered with from outside the magazine and shall be capable of accommodating the largest fleet issue unit load (FIUL) intended to be stowed in the magazine. Where hinge pins are located external to the space, the door shall be outfitted with one high security bracket or bar per hinge to prevent opening the door if the hinge pins are removed. Refer to NSTM S9086-XG-STM-010/CH-700 for additional requirements. Weather deck hatches shall be hinged on the forward side, where possible. Hatches in other locations can be hinged on the forward or aft side. A device shall be provided to secure the doors and hatches in the open position, including all ammunition and explosives handling paths. The

5-11




doors or hatches shall be readily accessible and operable in a seaway without unnecessary risk to the operator. Magazine accesses and ready-service lockers shall comply with OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series). Secondary egress escape routes shall be provided for all vital magazine spaces that will be occupied by 10 or more people. Hatches for secondary egress space routes shall be quick-acting, or fitted with quick-acting scuttles. When secondary emergency escape doors and hatches can be operated from both sides, a non-key operated, quick-release type locking mechanism (e.g., ball lock pin) shall be installed inside the magazine to meet the requirements of OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series) and still allow for emergency escape.

(1) High Security Spaces. Armories, security force issue rooms, conventional magazines, and lockers containing sensitive arms, ammunition and explosives shall be designated for high level of security. Doors and hatches shall have high security padlocks conforming to MIL-P-43607. All magazine and locker closures shall be fitted with a high security hasp, MIL-H-24653. Two keys shall be issued for each lock, with each space keyed differently. Padlocks for missile spaces shall have one keying. These padlocks shall be keyed differently from any other padlock on the ship and shall not be master keyed or grand master keyed. Small arms lockers shall be locked, even though the lockers are within the armory.

(2) Submarine Spaces. Torpedo tube and missile tube interlock disconnects shall be furnished with padlock sets so that torpedo tubes or missile tubes within a single compartment can be opened with the same key. Each padlock set for this purpose shall be furnished with 10 percent spares (not less than one padlock).

o. Markings. Accident prevention signs, precautions and instructions appropriate for the ammunition stowed and magazine operation shall be posted as described in appendix D.

(1) Warning Plate. A plate that bears essential precautionary information, which might result in personnel injury if ignored.

(2) Caution Plate. A plate that bears essential precautionary information, which could result in damage to the equipment, systems or adjacent structure if ignored.

(3) Posted Operating Instruction. A plate or laminated sheet that displays an exact copy of operating instructions taken from the applicable system or equipment technical manual.

p. Communication Devices. Sound-powered telephones or similar communication devices should be included in the magazine. Refer to NAVSEA Circuit Identification Document (formerly Design Data Sheet 430) for circuit designations and types. Both electrical-powered announcing systems and sound-powered systems are used for the ship’s interior communications for magazines. Sound-powered circuits may use E-call, EM-call, or have call means. 1MC speakers should be provided in all ammunition cargo holds, primary and universal magazines.

q. Insulation. Where a space adjacent to a magazine radiates heat that would cause the magazine cooling to be ineffective at maintaining a temperature below 100 ºF, insulation shall be applied to the bulkhead or overhead to reduce the heat load. Where possible, the insulation shall be applied to the heat source side.

5-12




r. Deck Coatings. Non-skid deck covering shall be applied to all traffic and working areas of ammunition magazines, handling rooms, and ready-service areas, except where latex concrete or magnesite deck coatings are used. The covering may be lightweight non-slip, silicon carbide particle coated fabric and sealing compound, conforming to military specification MIL-PRF-17951, or spray-applied, non-skid coating conforming to military specification MIL-PRF-24667. Where static electricity poses a hazard, either because of the operations being performed or an explosive atmosphere exists, static dissipation controls must be applied. Examples include wrist straps, conductive mats on benches or static dissipative deck coverings with conductive shoes. In these areas, MIL-PRF-17951 deck covering is required.

s. Equipment Stowage. Stowage facilities for equipment shall be provided to stow special accessories and portable handling equipment. Equipment in magazines shall be restricted to that necessary for ammunition stowage, handling, assembly, checkout, security, monitoring, and damage control.

t. Protection Guards. All wiring, waveguides and piping routed in magazines shall be protected against damage from MHE. Guards shall be installed that will be capable of preventing damage to these components. Such guards may deform physically, but shall not allow contact to the pipe during MHE impact at speeds of up to 88 feet per minute.

u. Portable Platforms. When ammunition and explosives are required to be handled manually and they are to be stowed too high for convenient handling from the deck, portable platforms conforming to MIL-STD-1472 shall be provided. The platforms shall provide a stable area to stand in all sea motions where handling is required. The platforms shall be stowed in the magazine.

v. Ramps. Where openings, gaps or other obstructions greater than one inch (25.4mm) are in the way of weapons flow routes and may interfere with the free movement of ordnance, ramps shall be installed. The ramps may be fixed or portable. If portable or removable ramps are used, stowage provisions must be provided in close proximity to where the ramps will be installed. Where sufficient space is available, a ratio of 12:1 inches or no more than 5 degrees ramp angle shall be constructed to accommodate the use of low deck clearance handling equipment. Ramp surfaces shall be coated with non-skid or grates to provide adequate traction. Where long ramps are required and cannot be made permanent, the ramps shall be constructed in sections to facilitate manual handling.

w. Manholes. Manholes for tanks containing a flammable or combustible liquid with a flashpoint below 140ºF (60ºC) shall not be located in magazines. For new ships designs (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), manholes for combustible liquid tanks with a flashpoint at or above 140ºF (60ºC) shall be located above the highest normal liquid level of the tank and the tank shall be a vented (un-pressurized) design. Sounding tubes and overflow tubes shall not be considered when determining the highest normal liquid level of a tank.

5-4.2. SPECIALIZED MAGAZINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. Magazine types include ammunition cargo holds, primary, universal, missile, ready-service, lockers, and chemical. Ammunition cargo holds are used to hold bulk ammunition and explosives. Primary, universal and missile magazines are designated to hold a ship's allowance of ammunition. Ready-service magazines and lockers are used to stow readily accessible ammunition. Each authorized ammunition stowage space must be identified

5-13


with an external label plate designating the compartment number and type of stowage. Paragraph 3-14 defines stowage requirements for specific types of ammunition and explosives which must be considered during magazine design.

5-4.2.1. Missile Magazines. Missile stowage should be in a magazine as an integral part of the launching system on combatant ships. Systems without integral magazines shall be provided with a magazine or locker convenient to the launcher. Magazines designed for the stowage of missiles, rockets, or other ammunition that produces high volumes of gas shall be equipped with specialized ventilation systems, such as plenum vents or relief ports, to ensure that magazine air pressures does not reach dangerous levels if a missile motor ignites. Restraining equipment may be provided to prevent movement of an accidentally ignited motor. A hatch or cover that is subject to possible external tampering shall be fitted with an internal personnel obstruction grid made of ¾-inch diameter welded steel or aluminum bars with openings no larger than 4 inches. An alternative method is to secure the hatch or cover with a magazine hatch release device specified in NAVSEA Drawing 803-6397279. The hatch or cover shall be fitted with hinges. Restraining cables shall also be provided to prevent the hatch or cover from becoming an airborne hazard in the event of hinge failure during actuation. The hatch or cover release mechanism shall only be actuated by magazine internal overpressure, which shall be one half of the magazine’s design pressure capability. The hatch cover mechanism shall be released by the overpressure from the inside only. The total blow out clear area “A” shall be in square feet equal to 4.5 cubic feet-second per pound times the burn rate “R” in pounds per second divided by the minimum magazine structural design pressure in static equivalent head in feet of seawater “H”.

5-4.2.2. Gun Magazines. As defined in NAVSEA SW010-AB-GTP-010, major caliber guns are guns with a bore diameter of 8 inches or larger; intermediate caliber guns have a bore diameter larger than 80mm and less than 8 inches; minor caliber guns have a bore diameter less than 80mm. Projectiles and propellants for guns are stowed in magazines called projectile, powder or ammunition magazines.

5-4.2.2.1. Requirements. Gun magazines shall meet the following design requirements:

a. Stowage for different types of gun ammunition shall be separated to provide ready access and selectivity.

b. Wherever possible, the stowage rack orientation shall allow ammunition removal in a fore/aft direction.

c. White phosphorus (WP) projectiles shall be stowed vertically on their bases and apart from other projectiles in a separate magazine. Immersion tanks shall be provided for the WP projectiles in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing 804-5184207.

d. Stowage restraint systems shall be provided to maximize access and minimize manpower.

e. Where manual access is required to breakout the ammunition, aisle spaces shall be provided that is at least 2 inches greater than the length of the ammunition.

5-14


f. Portable battens used to restrain the ammunition in stowage shall not be stressed greater than 80% of their yield strength or deflect greater than 1/240 times its length in order to prevent the ammunition from becoming disengaged from its stowage systems during storm conditions.

g. Each stowage rack shall be labeled to provide ready access.

h. The upper end of a vertical batten or stanchion shall be allowed to move 2 inches vertically in either the up or down direction without becoming disengaged.

i. An air space of not less than 2 inches shall be provided between ammunition stacks to allow for air circulation.

j. In all automated stowage and handling systems, the ammunition shall be restrained in three axes.

5-4.2.3. Small Arms Magazines. Small arms magazines shall be designed to safely stow ammunition up to .60 caliber, and all gauges of shotgun shells. It also includes 14.5mm and 20mm ammunition which does not have high explosive (HE) or incendiary loaded projectiles.

5-4.2.4. Water-Activated Device Magazines. New construction magazines designed for the stowage of water-activated devices shall not be fitted with a fire extinguishing system. Refer to paragraph 3-14.8.2a.

5-4.2.5. Missile Launchers and Launching Systems. There are two types of missile launching systems: those that are internal to the ship, such as the Vertical Launching System (VLS), and those that are installed topside, such as Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) and NATO SeaSparrow. Internal missile launching systems contain the same stowage safety features that are provided in missile magazines and are considered a magazine. Conversely, when the missiles are loaded into a topside launcher, the launcher is not considered a magazine. Missiles that are loaded into the launcher or launching system are not readily accessible to personnel. These topside launchers are then subject to the monitoring and safety requirements of a loaded launcher.

5-4.2.6. Ready-Service Magazines, Lockers and Staging Areas. Ready-service refers to ammunition stowage areas in the immediate vicinity of the launcher, gun, or aircraft where the ammunition is used. The amount of ammunition in ready-service shall be minimized to quantities required to support a planned reload of a gun, launcher, or aircraft.

a. Ready-Service Magazines. Ready-service magazines are designated spaces located near the weapon system/platform to be served. They shall be equipped with thermal insulation and ventilation. These magazines shall have the appropriate alarms addressed in paragraph 5-4.3 and sprinkling systems described in paragraph 5-4.4. Changes in a ship’s assigned armament may result in overall increases in the required magazine space and the adaptation of ready-service magazines to primary magazines. When ready-service magazines are adapted to primary magazines, they shall include the primary magazine characteristics detailed in paragraph 5-4.2.7.

5-15


b. Lockers. Lockers are often provided for stowage of special types of ammunition and ammunition components such as detonators, pyrotechnics, and chemicals. They are frequently located on a weather deck to be as convenient as possible to the weapon or area to be served. The use of sun shields, made of white material or painted white, is required for ready-service lockers. If a top-side type locker is attached to the deck or bulkhead, it shall meet the requirements of NAVSEASYSCOM Drawing 804-1360106. Lockers for stowing fuzes and charges for practice grenades shall be in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing 804-5959215. For new designs or new installations (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), lockers for stowage of Hazard Class/Division 1.2 material shall be located on the weather deck with jettison capability. Existing non-jettisonable lockers for Hazard Class/Division 1.2 material may continue to be used. Lockers for stowing thermite (TH) grenades shall be in accordance with NAVSHIPS Drawing 804-6397302. Lockers provided for weather deck stowage of pyrotechnic and incendiary ammunition, such as parachute flares and TH grenades, shall have manual jettison capability in case of a fire in the vicinity. The jettison mechanism will be protected from damage and a positive locking device provided to prevent inadvertent actuation. The locker lid support arm shall be designed so that it does not contact the intended contents when the locker is closed. Lockers used for stowage must have locking devices in accordance with OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series). Lockers should be located at least 15 feet from oxygen generators, oxygen or oxidizer stowage or handling, flammable liquid stowage or handling, combustible liquid stowage or handling, or flammable gas stowage or handling. Lockers should be located at least two feet from a fume-tight compartment containing oxygen generators, oxygen or oxidizer stowage or handling, flammable liquid stowage or handling, combustible liquid stowage or handling, or flammable gas stowage or handling. Where applicable, lockers shall have the appropriate alarms addressed in paragraph 5-4.3 and sprinkling system described in paragraph 5-4.4. Un-sprinkled and non-jettisonable lockers should be located at least two feet from another ordnance locker or magazine.

c. Weapons Staging Areas (Bomb Farm). During combat operations and peacetime training, ammunition must be constantly flowed to embarked strike and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to sustain combat sortie rates. Frequently, ready ammunition must be temporarily staged in an area of the flight deck aircraft adjacent to the aircraft rearm area to ensure combat sortie rates are sustainable. Aviation ships are provided with dedicated staging areas where ammunition can be temporarily staged outside of normal magazine stowage. The designated staging areas supplement the ship’s strike up capability for heavy commitments, facilitate rapid replacement of airborne weapons for an evolving threat, and facilitate rapid replacement of smart weapons that may fail aircraft Built-In-Test (BIT). Staging areas shall be equipped with dedicated specialized sprinkling that must be fully operable for ammunition staging. If inoperable, manned fire hoses or AFFF hoses should be laid out at either end of the staging area. The weapons staging area sprinkler system consists of AFFF deck-edge nozzles mounted a maximum of 1-inch above the deck measured to the underside of the nozzle. On aviation ships, in the staging area outboard of the island structure, nozzles shall extend 16 feet forward and aft of the weapons staging area. Controls shall be provided on the flight control station and pilot house flight deck sprinkling mimic panels, in flight-deck control, and on the fore and aft ends of the island. Rules and regulations for staging areas are promulgated in the CV Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) Manual (NAVAIR 00-80T-105), the LHA/LHD NATOPS Manual (NAVAIR 00-80T-106), CV NATOPS Manual for the Flight Deck and Hangar Deck (NAVAIR 00-80T-120) and Helicopter Operating Procedures for Air-Capable Ships (NAVAIR 00-80T-122). The Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue NATOPS Manual (NAVAIR-00-80R-14) provides firefighting procedures for the flight deck weapons staging areas.

5-16



5-4.2.7. Ammunition Cargo Hold, Primary and Universal Magazines. These magazines are large spaces designed to stow large quantities of ordnance. They should be located below the ship’s waterline. These magazines shall be fitted with dunnage, universal tiedown, wire rope shoring, or chock type stowage systems. Provisions must be made for securing bulk palletized or containerized ammunition and explosives. The following describe the types of ammunition stowage systems:

a. Dunnage Stowage System. The dunnage stowage system consists of overhead and deck tracks, stanchions, penboards, tomming down gear, and other associated hardware. This system is used to secure palletized, containerized or loose cargo/ammunition. Stanchions provide restraint for palletized and containerized cargo/ammunition. Penboards and tomming down gear provide restraint for loose cargo/ammunition.

b. Universal Tiedown Stowage System. The universal tiedown stowage system consists of a series of deck channels with a universal hole pattern, a latex concrete deck between the channels to provide a flush deck surface, and portable pre-tensioning type tiedown assemblies for securing weapons or components to the deck channels.

c. Wire Net Shoring System. The wire net shoring system consists of wire rope nets fastened to the overhead, bulkhead, and deck in designated locations, with net tensioners. The nets are a flexible, portable, reusable shoring system designed for partitioning and restraining palletized unit loads of cargo/ammunition.

d. Chock Stowage System. The chock stowage system consists of special devices that are normally designed for stowing a specific type of weapons such as torpedoes. Chocks are generally used for stowage of bare assembled weapons that may be subjected to shock conditions.

5-4.2.8. Chemical Magazines. Chemical magazines shall have separate ventilation systems with gas particulate filters or the magazines shall be capable of watertight closure. Decks and bulkheads shall be coated with an impermeable material. The means for sampling the atmosphere of the magazine from another compartment shall be provided. Facilities for personnel and gross decontamination shall be provided near the magazine. The magazine sprinkling system shall be fitted with a fog nozzle system, so that there is at least one gallon of water released per minute in the form of fog for every square foot of magazine space. Each magazine shall have a separate drainage system to prevent contamination of other ship systems if a mishap occurs. Chemical lockers located above deck shall be readily jettisonable in an emergency. Magazines shall be located away from the ship's ventilation intakes and other openings. Magazines shall be fitted with an automated alarm or sounding horn. Magazines designed for the stowage of ammunition containing lethal or incapacitating agents shall be fitted with devices to detect leakage.

5-4.3. ALARM SYSTEMS. Remote, simultaneous audible and visual extension alarm signals for the high temperature (F), sprinkler (FH), intrusion (FZ), flooding (FD), and fire detection alarm circuits shall be installed in the pilot house, in each Officer of the Deck (OOD) station, in primary monitoring locations, Damage Control Central (DCC) or Central Control Station (CCS). An instruction plate shall be posted near each audible and visual alarm indicator showing the system identification, the meaning of the alarm, and emergency action required upon its activation. The audible alarm signal in the pilot house and OOD stations shall be connected through a switch. An accident prevention plate inscribed with the words

5-17


“WARNING - THIS SWITCH SHALL BE IN THE CLOSED POSITION WHEN THIS STATION IS MANNED” shall be installed adjacent to the switch in each of these stations. The audible alarm shall not be deactivated except by direction of NAVSEASYSCOM or other competent authority. The requirements and operation of all magazine alarms systems are contained in NAVSEA S9AA0-AB-GOS-010.

5-4.3.1. High Temperature. A 105 ºF high temperature alarm system, designated as circuit “F”, shall be installed in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 to alert personnel of high temperatures in all magazines or spaces where ammunition and propellants are stowed, ammunition assembly/disassembly/inspection areas, and cargo ammunition holds. A minimum of two thermostats shall be installed in each of these spaces with not less than one thermostat installed for each 250 square feet of deck area, or fraction thereof. The thermostats that are installed in spaces exposed to the radiant heat of the sun shall be insulated from the steel structure. High temperatures shall be indicated on an alarm switchboard installed in a section which is continuously manned when underway. The location of the switchboard shall be the central control station or DCC and the pilot house. An exception for circuit F alarm systems on submarines is noted in paragraph 5-6.7.2. A high temperature alarm system shall be provided in any non-weather deck locker which requires a sprinkler system.

5-4.3.2. Sprinkler. A circuit FH alarm, or a sprinkler alarm, is required on the dry side of each sprinkler control valve in all dry pipe sprinkling systems. A detailed description is shown in NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010.

5-4.3.3. Intrusion. A circuit FZ alarm shall be provided as prescribed in OPNAVINST 5530.13 (series).

5-4.3.4. Flooding. A circuit FD alarm, or a flooding alarm, shall be installed in magazines not having gravity drainage. The liquid level switch shall be installed in the aft corner or lowest point of the magazine. This switch shall be positioned so that the bottom of the switch float is 2 inches above the actual deck. Refer to NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 for additional guidance on flooding alarms.

5-4.3.5. Fire Detection. For new ship designs (initiated after the issuance of NAVSEA OP 4, Revision 8 of 2006), the following fire detection shall be provided.

a. Smoke detectors shall be provided where ordnance can be stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness to provide early warning for fires within the space. This includes a space with a locker containing ordnance or energetic material, except Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or less hazardous material not to exceed five pounds NEW. Alternate weapon assembly areas which are continuously manned when ordnance is present do not require a smoke detector.

b. A method of fire detection (smoke detectors, heat detectors, an automatic fire suppression system or linear bulkhead/deck heat detectors) with a remote alarm capability, shall be provided in spaces adjoining (beside, above or below) a space where ordnance can be stowed, serviced, assembled or temporarily held in readiness to provide early warning for a fire in the adjoining space. This does not apply to a space containing a locker for ordnance or energetic material. An adjoining space which poses a low fire hazard such as tanks, sealed voids, cofferdams, lavatories (heads), elevators or access trunks may be exempted.

5-18




5-4.4. MAGAZINE SPRINKLING SYSTEMS. Magazine sprinkling systems are designed to cool and protect ordnance stowed in the magazine from a fire external to the magazine and extinguish incipient fires within the magazine not involving ammunition and explosives. The system is not designed and should not be expected to extinguish burning ammunition materials. Deluge-type sprinkling systems in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010 shall be installed where ammunition and explosives are stowed, serviced, staged, assembled or temporarily held in readiness with the following exceptions:

a. Sprinkling systems in missile workshop areas on AS class ships shall be wet-type. Wet-type deluge sprinkling systems shall be installed in magazines of a group if any one magazine in the group requires a wet-type system.

b. A sprinkling system is not required for a weather deck ordnance locker, where openings are only to the weather, unless the locker is contiguous with a sprinkled magazine or located in the vicinity of the bridge or vital ship control areas. For Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or lower hazard class material of a quantity not to exceed five pounds Net Explosive Weight (NEW), a sprinkler system is not required for a locker contiguous with a sprinkled magazine or located in the vicinity of the bridge or vital ship control areas.

c. A sprinkling system is not required for a weather deck stowage in a jettisonable ordnance locker.

d. Sprinkling system requirements on submarines shall be as noted in this paragraph, except as noted in paragraph 5-6.6.

e. A sprinkling system shall not be provided in a magazine or locker containing water-activated devices as described in paragraph 5-4.2.4.

f. A sprinkling system is not required for a non-weather deck (e.g., below deck) locker with Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or lower hazard class material, for a quantity not to exceed five pounds NEW. This may include practice grenade fuze and charge lockers defined in paragraph 5-4.2.6b, EOD ready service lockers defined in paragraph 3-14.9.2b or Aircrew Escape Propulsion Systems (AEPS) maintenance temporary stowage lockers when stowed within the hazard and quantity restrictions above.

g. A sprinkling system is not required for a locker within a magazine which is spaced away from bulkheads and elevated from the deck so that the magazine’s sprinkler system may provide protection from a fire in the adjoining space or if the locker and shelves are constructed of expanded metal to allow sprinkler protection.

h. A staging area shall have a specialized sprinkling system as described in paragraph 5-4.2.6c.

i. A sprinkling system, as defined in this paragraph, is not required for gun mounts that do not provide ordnance stowage, topside launchers and loaded aircraft.

5-4.4.1. General Application Density. Sprinkling rates shall be computed on an overhead basis allowing a minimum of 0.8 gal/min per sq.ft. of magazine overhead area where the deck height is 8 feet or less. Where deck height exceeds 8 feet, an allowance of 0.1 gal/min per cubic feet of additional gross

5-19


volume shall be made. Staging areas for cargo ammunition and explosives shall be a minimum of 0.2 gal/min per sq.ft. of overhead area.

5-4.4.2. T-Ship Application Density. For T-ship ordnance holds having sprinkler systems that incorporate directional boundary cooling and meet the requirements of appendix IV of NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010, sprinkling rates shall be computed on an overhead basis allowing a minimum of 0.4 gallons per minute per square foot of overhead area. Staging areas for cargo ammunition and explosives shall be a minimum of 0.2 gallons per minute per square foot of overhead area.

5-4.4.3. Control Systems. Both manual and automatic sprinkling controls shall be installed in magazines and cargo holds for the stowage of ammunition and explosives with the following exceptions:

a. Manual sprinkling control shall be installed in magazines with gun-type ammunition smaller than 76mm and located on the damage control (DC) deck and above.

b. Automatic sprinkling control is not required in assembly and staging areas outside of magazines.

5-4.4.4. Manual Control Locations. Manual controls for sprinkling of magazines, cargo holds, and assembly and staging areas shall be local at the sprinkling control valve which may be inside or immediately outside the protected area, and remote on the DC deck with the following exceptions:

a. Local and remote controls for bomb and rocket assembly areas outside of magazines are to be provided on the same deck as the space protected. Local control shall be adjacent to the sprinkling control valve. Remote control shall be outside the protected space in passages used for main access forward and aft.

b. Local control only shall be provided for sprinkling system in spaces located on the damage control deck and above. For these spaces, the local control shall be outside the space, adjacent to the access with the access visible from the control. Where access is directly from the weather, only the manual control-operating lever shall be installed in the weather.

5-4.4.5. Remote Manual Controls. Magazine remote controls on the DC deck shall be arranged into control stations located forward and aft. An additional amidships station shall be provided on cruisers and larger. Remote controls on the damage control deck for ammunition cargo holds shall be located in the vicinity of the access trunk to the protected spaces, visible to the access and clear of the potential fire area around the access.

5-4.4.6. Instruction Plates. Instruction plates which describe the operation of manual controls shall be provided at local and remote sprinkling control stations. Each local and remote sprinkling control station shall be identified as to the space served.

5-4.4.7. Test Fittings. Test fittings shall be stowed under lock and key in a central location. Test fittings shall be stowed in such a way as to prevent damage to them. The armory is the preferred location. Test fittings shall be stamped with the valve number they service.

5-20


5-4.5. WATER INJECTION SYSTEM. Some missile magazines are required to have a water injection system. The injection of water into a non-propulsive burning or fragment-ignited rocket motor or booster may control the burning reaction and, in rare cases, may extinguish the burning motor. Each water injection nozzle acts independently. Actuation requires only normal shipboard fire main pressure and the exhaust blast of an ignited motor. After actuation, water will continue to flow until the water injection system is secured and the nozzle replaced. Care must be taken not to apply force or drop anything on the nozzle end, since a relatively small force will trigger the mechanism to eject a considerable amount of water.

5-4.6. ASSEMBLY AREAS. Sufficient weapon assembly areas shall be provided to support the ship’s mission. The following additional requirements must be met for assembly areas.

5-4.6.1. Rocket Assembly Areas. Rocket assembly areas required on aviation ships (CV/CVN/LHA/LHD) shall comply with the design criteria for magazines addressed in paragraphs 5-4.1.a through 5-4.1.r. Rocket assembly areas aboard aircraft carriers shall be equipped with one or more grounded portable metal workbenches with dimensions that will accommodate the simultaneous assembly of two 2.75-inch rockets.

5-4.6.2. Airborne Expendable Countermeasures (AECM) Assembly Areas. A HERO SAFE compartment designed for AECM assembly shall be provided on aviation and air capable ships for AECM assembly or disassembly and ready-service. The space shall be outfitted with one or more electrically-grounded assembly tables, a stowage area for containerized AECM and related impulse cartridges, and racks to stow empty and loaded dispenser modules for each countermeasure system used in embarked aircraft. A fire protection system shall be installed and a jettison chute for emergency jettison of loaded or partially loaded dispenser modules shall be provided. A means shall be provided to alert personnel requiring access to the AECM assembly area when the handling of HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance is in progress. NAVAIR 11-120-20 provides a technical reference for AECM assembly areas aboard these ships. The following requirements for an AECM preparation room and ready-service stowage facility shall be provided for all aviation and air capable ships engaged in the buildup of AECMs:

a. One or more grounded metal workbenches, sized to suit the ship’s mission. The dimensions of a single workbench shall not be less than 24 inches by 24 inches.

b. An overboard disposal chute capable of jettisoning a full AECM dispenser module.

c. A dispenser module ready-service stowage area located in the AECM preparation room. For aviation and air capable ships, a dedicated AECM dispenser ready-service magazine, or, as an alternate, in an AECM dispenser topside locker. Refer to NAVAIR 00-80T-105, NAVAIR 00-80T-106, NAVAIR 00-80T-120 or NAVAIR 00-80T-122, as appropriate, for additional guidance.

d. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) appropriate for a manned space and the pyrotechnic devices used in AECM systems. The AECM area requires a dedicated exhaust system.

5-21


e. An automated magazine sprinkling system in accordance with NAVSEA S9522-AA-HBK-010. One Heat Sensing Device (HSD) and not less than one sprinkler nozzle shall be located over the workbench.

5-4.6.3. Weapon Assembly Areas. The primary or alternate weapon assembly area is in the sprinkled magazines designated in the governing NAVSEASYSCOM technical manuals. Some ship classes also have one or more alternate weapon assembly areas documented in the governing NAVSEASYSCOM technical manuals that are used when a casualty exists in the primary assembly areas. Sprinkler protection is required in alternate assembly areas as well.

5-4.6.4. Guided Missile and Precision Guided Weapon Test and Reprogramming Areas. Some guided missiles and precision guided weapons use a digital interface with the aircraft in accordance with MIL-STD-1760. When approved by CO, NOSSA, this capability can be used for ship’s force test and software reprogramming of the guided missile or weapon using the Common Munition Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE), or Common Field Level Memory Reprogramming Equipment (CFMRE), as directed by NAVAIRSYSCOM in Weapon Assembly Manuals (WAMs) or in technical directives. The reprogramming area must be designated and approved by NAVSEASYSCOM for each particular weapon. This area must provide a grounding connection conforming to the requirements of paragraph 5-3.9, an electrical power connection which complies with the electrical requirements of CMBRE or CFMRE, and be fitted with dedicated sprinkler protection as specified in paragraph 5-4.2.6c.

5-5. SURFACE COMBATANT CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. In addition to the general ship characteristics found in this chapter, the surface combatant Mk 41 VLS Launcher provides individual cells within modules for placement of encanistered missiles. The canisters are sealed and the missiles are not accessible to shipboard personnel. In addition, launchers are provided with special electrical circuitry to prevent accidental firing or the possibility of any electrical current reaching a missile unintentionally. Each VLS canister is a wholly self-contained magazine, with its own hazard monitoring and water deluge system. The space containing the sealed canister, designated the launcher support space, is environmentally controlled and is considered to be a magazine, as defined in paragraph 5-4.2.5. The launcher support space contains the electronic and electrical equipment necessary for launcher operation plus the strikedown crane. The launcher support space and canistered missiles together constitute the launcher portion of the Mk 41 VLS. As long as the hazard monitoring and deluge systems are in operation or the launcher space is manned, maintenance work is permitted within launcher support spaces provided there is no direct contact with loaded canisters. If the hazard monitoring and deluge systems become non-operational, maintenance operations are prohibited. A magazine sprinkling system is provided to protect the VLS modules outside the canisters.

5-6. SUBMARINE CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. Thermometers are not required in small arms ammunition lockers and safes (that provide a minimum protection equivalent to a General Service Administration (GSA) Class 5 through Class 7 safe) that are being used for ordnance stowage when the stowage is not located near a heat source where convection heating will not occur nor subject to heat conduction from the hull or other heat source. Submarine magazines (not to include the torpedo room) will be fitted with thermometers in accordance with paragraph 5-4.1e. Lockers specifically designed for pyrotechnics stowage must have thermometers. For pyrotechnic lockers, thermometers may have a temperature range of 20 to 240 degrees, a 3-inch, back-connected dial, and a 2-inch stem. All

5-22


http://www.navair.navy.mil/


magazines should be located off the pressure hull structure to prevent condensation within the magazine. Magazines and lockers that must be located on the pressure hull shall be insulated inside or forced air ventilated, or shall have other means to protect the ordnance from condensation. In addition to the general characteristics found in this chapter, the following requirements apply to submarine stowage.

5-6.1. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. Stowage for small arms ammunition shall be provided in a watertight locker equipped with a flooding system. The locker shall be provided with a padlocked door. A thermometer, as required by paragraph 5-6, shall be external to the locker and located to assure correct ambient temperature observation. The sensor and indicator shall be located to minimize breakage. Submarine small arms ammunition lockers are exempt from ammunition shoring and tiedown requirements because of size and design limitations. Ammunition shall be arranged within the magazine so that the movement of the containers is restricted. These lockers shall be insulated. Small arms ammunition lockers shall maintain a stowage temperature of less than 100 ºF. Deviations to this requirement shall be coordinated with CO, NOSSA in accordance with paragraph 1-9. Small arms lockers for weapons stowed together with ammunition, as described in paragraph 2-10.4, are exempt from the flooding system requirement. This includes the small arms locker planned for the installation in the engine room of submarines. The addition of any additional lockers is subject to review by CO, NOSSA.

5-6.2. BLASTING CAPS AND DEMOLITION FUZING DEVICES. Stowage for blasting caps and firing devices of demolition charges shall, with proper security measures, be in the small arms ammunition lockers, or if available, in a three-tumbler combination safe. A means to determine and record the temperature shall be provided as specified in paragraph 5-6.

5-6.3. DEMOLITION CHARGES. The stowage of demolition charges for Special Operations Forces (SOF) shall be separated from associated firing devices and blasting caps. Stowage shall be either in accordance with NAVSEA OD 44979 SOF Supplement submarine specific segregation stowage plan or in accordance with table 3-2.

5-6.4. PYROTECHNIC SIGNALS. Pyrotechnic signals shall be stowed in primary (floodable) lockers or immediate service (non-floodable) lockers located near the signal ejectors. The primary stowage locker shall be designed and located so that the internal locker temperature does not exceed 100 ºF. The immediate service locker shall be designed and located so that the internal temperature does not exceed 120 ºF. Lockers shall be constructed to prevent the pyrotechnics from shifting. Lockers shall be located off the pressure hull structure or insulated on the inside to prevent interior condensation.

5-6.5. COUNTERMEASURES DEVICES. Countermeasures devices shall be stowed in separate lockers segregated from both the pyrotechnic and small arms ammunition lockers. Countermeasures lockers will be located in the same compartment as the 3" launcher onboard 688 Class and 726 Class submarines, Internal Auxiliary Launcher (IAL) onboard SEAWOLF Class submarines, and Internal Countermeasures Launcher (ICL) onboard VIRGINIA Class submarines. The lockers shall be equipped with splash/spray proof doors. They shall be of watertight construction and equipped with a vent pipe installed as near the top as possible. The vent pipe shall be at least 1-½ inch inside diameter, as short as practicable, and designed to prevent the entrance of splashing water.

5-23


5-6.6. SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. Sprinkling protection may not be required for submarine torpedo rooms due to the severe impact on ship stability. Requirements for sprinkler systems in the torpedo room will be with WSESRB/CO, NOSSA. Refer to paragraph 5-6.7.2 for additional sprinkling requirements for ordnance assembly areas.

5-6.7. SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES (SOF) SUPPORT. The following requirements pertain to the support of SOF onboard submarines:

5-6.7.1. Ordnance Stowage. The lock out trunk aboard VIRGINIA Class submarines and the missile tubes aboard TRIDENT Conversion submarines are considered to be magazines when ordnance is stowed in these spaces. Stowage plans for SOF ordnance onboard submarines will be in accordance with NAVSEA OD 44979 SOF Supplement or as otherwise approved by WSESRB/CO, NOSSA.

5-6.7.2. Ordnance Assembly Areas. Sprinkler systems and circuit F high temperature alarms are not required in ordnance assembly areas. Fire hoses shall be laid out and made ready for use in the immediate area of operations such that at least single hose coverage is provided.

5-7. AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS. In addition to the general ship characteristics found in this chapter, landing force ammunition stowage spaces aboard amphibious warfare ships shall be outfitted with portable wooden fume-tight bulkheads. Plywood partitions shall be fire-retardant, type II, category 2 plywood as defined in MIL-L-19140, having a minimum thickness of ¾-inches. Refer to NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010 for specific details on the assembly, maintenance, and inspection requirements for fume-tight portable plywood bulkheads.

5-8. AVIATION FACILITY SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. An AFFF sprinkler system, or equivalent, shall be provided to control and extinguish flammable or combustible liquid (Class B) fires for aviation facilities such as flight decks, helicopter decks, hangars and other areas intended for aircraft when they carry ordnance larger than CAD-launched AECM flares with a maximum reaction severity of type IV in accordance with STANAG 4439 or gun ammunition larger than 20mm. The AFFF sprinkler system shall be in accordance with MIL-F-24385 or an equivalent determined by NAVSEASYSCOM.

5-24




CHAPTER 6

JOINT OPERATIONS

6-1. GENERAL. This chapter provides guidance for the conduct of Joint Operations, that involves non-U.S. Navy aircraft and/or ammunition aboard U.S. Navy ships.

6-2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - JOINT/SPECIAL OPERATIONS. The successful conduct of special operations (SO) relies on individual and small unit proficiency in a multitude of specialized, often non-conventional combat skills applied with adaptability, improvisation, innovation, and self-reliance. The small size, unique capabilities, and self-sufficiency (for short periods of time) of special operations forces (SOF) operational units provide the United States with feasible and appropriate military responses. These responses may not entail the degree of political liability or risk of escalation normally associated with employment of inherently larger or more visible conventional forces. Although SO may be conducted as a single-Service operation, they routinely require joint support and coordination. In addition to being conducted across the full range of military operations. Unless otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense, all SOF based in the United States are under the combatant command (command authority) (COCOM) of the Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM). To fully integrate SO and conventional operations, SOF must maintain effective liaison with all components of the joint force to ensure that unity of effort is maintained and risk of fratricide is minimized. The joint character of SO requires support arrangements across Service lines in order to sustain operations that are often independent and remote. Further, SOF must be able to exploit the full range of available national support systems such as those offered by emerging technologies and space-based assets. Air support is provided to SOF to facilitate effective and responsive operations.

6-3. PRE-PLANNING. Many issues from training to logistics must be addressed during the pre-planning stage of an operation being executed from a shipboard environment to ensure maximum mission success. Operational Commanders should weigh the risks against the mission prior to conducting joint shipboard ordnance operations. If a ship is not forward deployed at the time of embarkation, a pre-sail conference should be held to discuss the operation. The ship will need to know what weapons platform and associated weapons systems will be deployed aboard the ship.

6-4. QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION (QUAL/CERT) REQUIREMENTS FOR EMBARKING UNITS. As with any Navy ordnance, naval weapons personnel performing any task (i.e., handling, stowage, assembly) will be required to have ordnance qualification and certification (QUAL/CERT) sheets for the Army ordnance. Aviation units embarking on Navy ships with weapons capability that is not normally available on the specific class of ship, will be required to support ship’s company personnel with appropriate training to aid in the qualification and certification for the stowage, assembly and transportation of the necessary weapons. Should weapons assembly be required, the embarking unit will be required to perform the assembly operations. For an initial qualification and certification or if more guidance is required, contact the appropriate Type Commander (TYCOM).

6-1


6-5. DEVIATION REQUESTS. During joint operations, when a situation arises in which normal procedures must be deviated, a waiver or exemption must be initiated or requested. This is of the utmost importance when doing ordnance operations aboard ships due to the hazardous nature of the items themselves, and the unique environmental conditions that exist at sea. These deviation requests should be for operations which include ordnance items not normally brought aboard ships and operating procedures not normally performed aboard Navy ships. All embarking units or Navy ships that request waivers or exemptions shall submit these requests in accordance with paragraph 1-9.

6-6. PRIOR TO ORDNANCE ARRIVAL. With the limited stowage space available aboard ship including ammunition and explosives segregation compliance, it is imperative that the embarking unit provide a detailed list of all ordnance to be deployed aboard the ship with the following information as soon as the mission has been identified:

a. Navy Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC) or Department of Defense Identification Code (DODIC) - Ammunition is identified by a NALC or DODIC.

b. National Stock Number (NSN) - An NSN will be used for locating detailed information on each item.

c. Quantity - The ship will need to know the total quantity of assets for each NALC/DODIC.

d. Lot Number - An ammunition Lot Number (ALN) and Serial Number (S/N) will be used for locating additional information on each item. Refer to NAVSUP P-802 for details on mandatory identification and control requirements.

e. Hazard Classification - Department of Transportation (DOT) code issued to all ordnance items used to determine the stowage compatibility/segregation for ammunition and explosives. Refer to paragraph 3-13 for permissible stowage requirements.

f. Container Dimensions - If at all possible, information on the dimensions of the containers containing the ammunition and explosives as separate items and also as a palletized unit load should be provided to ensure adequate stowage space is available aboard the ship.

g. Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR) - All U.S. Navy ammunition and explosives are catalogued in the Ordnance Information System (OIS). When an item has a problem and the deficiency is under malfunction or engineering investigation, the item, by NALC, is placed into a condition code other than serviceable. Procedures for NARs are contained in NAVSUP P-801. Other Service ammunition does not necessarily have the same process. Weapons personnel must ensure that embarked units inform them of the Service-related system to track any reclassifications. This is a major explosives safety concern.

h. Small Arms Weapons - A list of all small arms weapons, by type and quantity, being deployed aboard the ship is required to ensure secure stowage requirements are available.

6-7. AIRCRAFT LOADING CHECKLISTS. Aircraft loading checklists for shipboard operations are available for each weapons platform. Table 6-1 identifies the joint NAVAIR approved aircraft loading

6-2


checklists, which are available on the Naval Air Technical Engineering Center (NATEC) website (pass-word required).

Table 6-1. NAVAIR Approved Aircraft Loading Checklists

Publication Number Publication Title

A1-60DAP-LWS-620 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 DAP AGM-114 HELLFIRE

A1-60DAP-LWS-680 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 DAP ARM/DEARM

A1-60DAP-LWS-720 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 DAP ALE-47 COUNTER-MEASURES DISPENSING SYSTEM (ECM)

A1-60DAP-LWS-750 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 DAP ROCKET LAUNCH-ERS

A1-60DAP-LWS-760 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 CDAP M137 7.62MM AIR-CRAFT GUN

A1-60DAP-LWS-761 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR MH-60 DAP M230 30MM AIR-CRAFT GUN

A1-AAH6J-LWS-620 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR AH-6J AGM-114 HELLFIRE

A1-AAH6J-LWS-680 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR AH-6J ARM/DEARM

A1-AAH6J-LWS-750 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR AH-6J ROCKET LAUNCHERS

A1-AAH6J-LWS-760 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR AH-6J M134 7.62MM AND GAU-19 .50 CALIBER AIRCRAFT GUN SYSTEMS

A1-H53JM-LWS-720 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for MH-53J/M ALE-40 COUNTERMEA-SURES SYSTEM (ECM)

A1-H60GA-LWS-720 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for HH-60G ALE-40 COUNTERMEA-SURES DISPENSING SYSTEM (ECM)

A1-H64AD-LWS 620 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for AH-64 AGM-114 HELLFIRE

A1-H64AD-LWS 680 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for AH-64 ARM/DEARM

A1-H64AD-LWS 720 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for AH-64 COUNTERMEASURES DIS-PENSING SYSTEM (ECM)

A1-H64AD-LWS 750 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for AH-64 ROCKET LAUNCHERS

A1-H64AD-LWS 760 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for AH-64 30MM AIRCRAFT GUN

A1-MH47D- LWS-720 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST for MH-47D ALE-47 COUNTERMEA-SURES SYSTEM (ECM)

A1-OH58D-LWS-620 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR OH-58D AGM-114 HELFIRE

A1-OH58D-LWS-680 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR OH-58D ARM/DEARM

A1-OH58D-LWS-750 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR OH-58D ROCKET LAUNCHERS

A1-OH58D-LWS-760 CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS CHECKLIST FOR OH-58D.50 CAL AIRCRAFT GUN

6-3

https://www.natec.navy.mil/


6-8. SHIP’S ORDNANCE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES. Ship’s ordnance personnel are responsible for the proper stowage of embarked units of ammunition and explosives. Ordnance is normally moved from the magazine to the weapons staging area (bomb farm) by ship’s personnel. The embarking unit will take responsibility for the ordnance at the weapons staging area (bomb farm). After the transfer of ordnance in the bomb farm, ship’s personnel should act as additional safety observers for the unit during weapons loading and arming operations. They should also ensure that catwalks or any locations in the forward firing weapons safety zone is kept clear during loading and arming evolutions.

6-9. LOADING OPERATIONS ON THE FLIGHT DECK. Prior to loading any forward firing ordnance, all personnel must ensure that the aircraft is positioned in such a manner as to provide the least exposure to personnel or structures in the event of accidental firing. Aircraft positioned on the forward location of the ship should be facing forward. Aircraft positioned aft of the forward locations should be facing outboard of the ship at approximately a 45 degree angle. Ordnance personnel not directly involved with the loading operation should ensure that the catwalks affected by the loading operations are kept clear of personnel. All aircraft shall be properly grounded. Grounding points may have excessive paint on them so the unit has a positive metal to metal contact with the flight deck. If the aircraft requires an increase of the auxiliary power unit (APU) for the loading of an ordnance item, then the unit will be required to contact PRI-FLY for a Landing Signalmen Enlisted (LSE) in order to do so.

6-10. HOT AIRCRAFT RAPID REARMING EVENTS. Unlike Army units who do the majority of their loading operations with aircraft turning, the Navy, for safety reasons, normally conducts weapons loading operations with a static aircraft (rotors disengaged with no power applied). The Joint Shipboard Weapons and Ordnance (JSWORD) Quick Reaction Test (QRT) conducted a System Safety Risk Assessment (SSRA) for Hot Tube Loading of 2.75-inch Folding Fin Aerial Rockets (FFAR) aboard ship. The SSRA was performed for specific aircraft and weapon system configurations on specific classes of Navy ships. As a result of the JSWORD QRT, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the U.S. Navy, U.S. Army and SOCOM was generated to provide guidance to conduct such operations.

6-11. FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD). With the close proximity of aircraft on a ship and the use of fixed wing aircraft on some platforms, foreign object damage (FOD) is a major safety concern. Many ordnance items have removable safety bands, safety pin flags or unsecured packing material that, with the increased wind conditions experienced on the flight deck, can become FOD hazards. Packing material, such as the foam end plugs on the Fast Packs or the cardboard packing in 30mm and other small arms rounds, should be removed, accounted for and retained below decks prior to striking them up onto the flight deck. Embarked units will need to retain these packaging items until the aircraft returns or the ordnance has been expended.

6-12. ORDNANCE REPLENISHMENT. Underway replenishment (UNREP), which includes connected replenishment (CONREP) and vertical replenishment (VERTREP) operations, is the authorized method of transferring Navy and Marine Corps ammunition and explosives between ships at sea. The ammunition and explosives are constructed as a Fleet Issue Unit Load (FIUL) that has been tested to withstand the austere conditions encountered during UNREP operations. However, if UNREP operations of non-Naval ordnance items are necessary, aircraft internal loads will always be the preferred method of transfer. Most Joint Service ordnance items are only tested to the standards established in 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and will not have tested to Navy standards. Therefore, for UNREP operations, TYCOM’s may have to conduct a risk analysis of the event and possibly need to request a

6-4


waiver under the provisions established in paragraph 1-9. If a VERTREP operation is the only available method of replenishment, the load must comply with Navy standards. In order to accomplish this requirement, the approved ordnance handling equipment (OHE) must used by qualified Naval personnel, or by Army or Air Force riggers who are trained and certified by the Navy.

6-13. JOINT OPERATIONS OR EXERCISES HERO GUIDANCE. The Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) has developed a tool to aid the Warfighter in making critical Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) decisions for embarked forces’ ordnance and emitters used in Joint Service operations or exercises onboard U.S. Navy ships. The primary purpose of the Joint Operations E3 Risk Assessment Database (JOERAD) is to provide operational commanders and planners with the necessary information to safely and efficiently manage the conflict between any introduced ordnance and the radio frequency (RF) emitters employed in an integrated Joint operation or exercise. With this information, the Warfighter can make informed decisions regarding the use or restriction of certain emitters and ordnance items.

6-13.1. FLEXIBILITY. JOERAD was not developed to replace a ship’s existing HERO Emission Control (EMCON) Bill or instrumental HERO Survey, but to work in conjunction with the ship’s current HERO EMCON Bill and provide any of the additional information needed to resolve the conflict between ordnance and emitters, which are not currently addressed. JOERAD offers flexibility to the Warfighter with an immediate response to changes in mission, calculated guidance to permit the use of transmitters in the safe proximity to ordnance when conventional safe separation distance limits are unachievable, adaptable risk assessment for small and large scale operations, and customized reports for EMCON procedures and graphical displays.

6-13.2. EFFICIENCY. JOERAD’s output is a HERO Impact Assessment, which addresses safety concerns for the embarked forces’ emitters and ordnance. In the event of conflicts between the JOERAD HERO Impact Assessment and the guidance provided in the ship’s HERO EMCON Bill, the ship’s HERO EMCON Bill shall take precedence. JOERAD offers efficiency in planning with automated Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) and Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV) risk assessments, analysis results in current U.S. HERO EMCON Bill format, graphical displays of ships and specific hazard interaction zones, supplemental EMCON procedures to preclude conflicts between the shipboard emitter suite environments and embarking helicopters and ordnance, and increasing the number of platforms with pre-loaded emitter suites for minimal user input effort and intuitive software function.

6-13.3. OBTAINING JOERAD. JOERAD is ready for distribution to all operating forces. It may be obtained by contacting the JSC (J5) at Commercial (410) 293-4957 or DSN 281-4957.

6-14. ORDNANCE RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) HAZARD ASSESSMENT. The electromagnetic environment (EME) that weapon systems are subjected to, particularly in Joint shipboard flight deck operations, are extreme and dynamic. It is imperative that measurements are made on these environments to ensure that the weapon systems can operate effectively. The primary concern is realizing the complex environment aboard aircraft carriers and other air-capable ships, as well as understanding the operating environment associated with Joint and Coalition operations.

6-5/(6-6 Blank)

http://www.jsc.mil/jsce3/EMImprov/JoeradRequest/Joeradreq.asp



CHAPTER 7

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

7-1. GENERAL. This chapter describes the explosives safety regulations and precautions for the use of electrically powered tools and equipment, and grounding requirements associated with the handling, testing, maintenance, reprogramming, or assembly and disassembly of ammunitions and explosives. Additional grounding guidance is provided for personnel and aircraft ordnance operations.

7-2. ELECTRICALLY POWERED EQUIPMENT. All electrically powered tools and equipment must be included in the ship’s electrical safety program. Electrically powered tools and equipment are prohibited for use on ammunition or explosives and cause a hazard unless they are:

a. Specified by a weapon technical manual and used in accordance with the technical manual, or

b. Specifically approved in this publication, or

c. Specifically approved for use by Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (CO, NOSSA).

7-3. ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. Ammunition and explosives operations on flight decks, exposed weather decks and other locations directly exposed to the weather, shall be halted when electrical storms are within a 5 nautical mile radius of the ship. All ammunition with electrically initiated devices (EIDs) must be immediately struck below deck or to magazine stowage. Commanding Officers (COs)/Masters should make every effort to steer clear of electrical storms when EID-equipped ammunition is exposed to avoid terminating operations. Under combat conditions when steering out of the storm’s path is not possible, the Operational Commander may authorize continued handling of EID-equipped ammunition as a matter of operational necessity. It should be understood that when an electrical storm is within 5 nautical miles, it is considered directly overhead. Current research and technical data indicates that the imminent strike zone for successive lightning flashes is expected to be 3.5 to 5.25 nautical miles from the previous strike. This strike zone information should be factored into the ship’s Operational Risk Management (ORM). When an electrical storm comes within 8.5 nautical miles, ORM should be used to determine the impact on ammunition and explosives operations.

7-4. IGNITER CIRCUIT TESTING. Electrical checks of igniters shall not be conducted aboard ship unless the test equipment has been certified by CO, NOSSA and use of the equipment aboard ship has been authorized by CO, NOSSA.

7-5. GROUNDING. An adequate ground is one that provides a continuous conductive electrical path from a person, metal structure of an aircraft or other vehicle, or the metal case or frame of a weapon to the

7-1


metal structure of the ship. It is possible to obtain adequate static grounding without the necessity for bare skin-to-metal or bare metal-to-metal contact throughout the path. In all cases, the adequacy of grounding paths must be verified by continuity and resistance checks, and approved by the Engineering Officer or Engineering Electrical Officer before being placed into use. Grounding paths are established to ensure the item or person to be grounded is provided with an acceptable connection to ground. Grounding paths usually consist of ground points and ground cables. All weapon and platform Program Executive Offices (PEOs)/Program Managers (PMs) and In-Service Engineering Agents (ISEAs) shall be responsible for addressing grounding considerations during all stages of the life cycle. Grounding requirements shall be included in all weapon technical publication(s). Contact CO, NOSSA for additional ground design requirements.

7-5.1. GROUND POINT. A ground point separate from other electrical grounds shall be used for ordnance. General guidance on the establishment of additional ground points is provided in paragraph 5-3.7. Establishment of additional ground points requires Type Commanders (TYCOM) approval to maintain configuration control. Refer to the appropriate Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) for the established ground point testing cycles.

7-5.1.1. Visual Inspection Requirements. Ground points shall be inspected at least every six months. Corrosion shall be removed. Damage to the bolt or stud, that may render the ground point unusable, shall be repaired and retested. Breakage or damage of ground cables connected to a ground point shall be repaired and retested.

7-5.1.2. Electrical Test Requirements. The resistance between the ground point and the ship’s structural member must be less than 1 ohm. The resistance test must test through the physical connection at the ground point. Ground point tests shall be conducted every 12 months.

7-5.2. WEATHER/FLIGHT DECK GROUND POINT. Padeyes may be used as ground points. Given the current construction methods of Naval vessels, the padeyes are known to provide a discernible electrical connection to the ship’s hull. Care must be given when attaching the ground cable to the padeye to ensure the positive metal-to-metal connection is made to ensure the integrity of the ground path. When available, dedicated ordnance ground points shall be used to ground the aircraft during ordnance operations. Dedicated ordnance grounds shall meet the inspection requirements of paragraph 7-5.1.1 and the testing requirements of paragraph 7-5.1.2.

7-5.2.1. Visual Inspection Requirements. Padeyes that are used for grounding shall be inspected at least every six months. Any corrosion or debris shall be removed. Any physical damage that renders the padeye unusable shall be repaired and retested.

7-5.2.2. Electrical Test Requirements. Electrical testing is not required for padeyes on weather/flight decks.

7-5.3. GROUND CABLES. Ground cables are used to connect ordnance to the grounding system to prevent electrostatic spark discharge. Ground cables include all cables with a reusable clipping or clamping device on one or both ends including cables inside containers and shipping fixtures. Grounding cables shall not be confused with bonding conductors that have a permanent connection (i.e. bolted or welded) at both ends.

7-2


7-5.3.1. Requirements.

a. All ground cables shall have an electrical test before being placed into service, after any cable/connector rework, and whenever indicated by a visual inspection.

b. All ground cables (other than reel type) shall have 1 ohm or less clip-to-clip or clip-to-structure resistance.

c. Reel type grounding cables must have a clip-to-structure resistance of 25 ohms or less.

d. All grounding cables shall be visually inspected before use each day.

7-5.3.2. Visual Inspection Requirements. The grounding cable visual inspection consists of the following:

a. Inspect the cable, clips, and permanent connections for signs of breakage, excessive wear, frayed conductors, loose or corroded connections, worn or broken clip springs, worn or broken reel assemblies, etc. Connections shall not be taped over.

b. Reel type cables shall be unwound for a proper visual inspection. Reel type cables need only be unwound as much as or further than they are unwound during operational use.

c. Tug on the cable to ensure that it is securely attached to its clips and to the permanent connection (if applicable).

d. Cables with opaque insulation shall be felt for any kinks, sharp bends, or crushing that may indicate damage.

e. Electrical testing is required if paint on the permanently connected end is present.

After any rework/repair to the ground cable, an electrical test must be completed.

7-5.3.3. Electrical Test Specification. The ground cable electrical test consists of an electrical resistance measurement from clip-to-clip or from clip-to-structure. When testing cables with permanent connections at one end, care shall be taken to test from the clip to the structure (through the permanent connection) to verify the integrity of the permanent connection. Paint on the permanently connected end is acceptable as long as electrical testing proves the paint is not inhibiting the electrical connection.

7-6. PERSONNEL GROUNDING. When required by the weapons technical manual, personnel may be grounded by several methods, both direct and indirect, as follows:

a. Momentary Touch Ground. Personnel shall contact a metal structural member of the ship with their bare skin for one second. If the metal member is painted, the contact should be maintained longer (approximately five seconds) to ensure they have sufficiently reached ground potential. In addition, it must be understood that this method is only good for momentary grounding of personnel. Once personnel break contact, they are no longer grounded and can begin to accumulate charge. This

7-3


method may also be used to equalize the potential between personnel and a weapons system or ordnance item.

b. Intentional Ground Device. Personnel may use a device that is static dissipative (i.e., wrist strap) intended to provide a positive, known, and constant connection with ground. Typically these devices attach one end to a known ground point and the other end to the bare skin of the person.

c. Conductive Medium. Workspaces are equipped with a conductive (usually resistive) deck or surface that is connected to a ground. Therefore, personnel are required to wear conductive clothing (e.g., shoes) to complete the ground path.

7-6.1. PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES. In the event that no weapons technical manual exists and there is no guidance provided from the weapons PEO/PM or ISEA, as a minimum, the following electrical safety precautionary procedures shall be followed:

a. All personnel entering a weapon checkout and servicing area shall ground themselves by bare skin-to-metal (ship’s structure) contact.

b. All personnel should be grounded immediately prior to contacting any electrical connector, wire, or plug connected to the weapon. Personnel should ground themselves by making momentary bare skin-to-metal contact with a grounded object or the metallic portion of the outer skin of the weapon section immediately prior to touching electrical connectors of the weapon.

c. Under low humidity (less then 40% relative humidity) climatic conditions, such as during operations in the extreme cold weather, there is a greater possibility that static charges can accumulate during operations at sea. Under such conditions, it is especially important that all precautionary measures contained herein are followed.

7-7. GROUNDING DURING WEAPONS TEST, MAINTENANCE, ASSEMBLY, AND DISASSEMBLY. When required by the weapons technical manual, weapons may be grounded during tests, maintenance, assembly or disassembly using one of the following methods:

a. Direct Intentional Grounding. Attaching one end of a ground cable to a ground point, defined in paragraph 7-5, and the other end to an acceptable ground point on the weapon. This method will provide a low impedance connection to ground, facilitating a rapid equalization process. All weapon PEOs/PMs and ISEAs shall define acceptable ground points for the weapon in the weapon technical manuals.

b. Unintentional Process Integrated Grounding. Support fixtures and equipment may provide a suitable connection to ground. Support fixtures and equipment may include, but are not limited to, tables, racks, stands, hoists, and dollies. Weapons PEO/PM and ISEAs shall ensure that such fixtures and equipment meet the requirements for grounding. In addition, PEO/PM and ISEAs shall ensure that any changes to the fixtures and equipment continue to fulfill the ground connection. This method is not recommended for highly susceptible weapons.

7-4



a. During all phases of assembly and disassembly, each individual section of a weapon must be continuously grounded.

b. Personnel must ground themselves momentarily before handling.

c. Metallic containers shall be grounded prior to removal of the contents.

d. Empty metallic containers shall be grounded before an item is placed in them.

e. Portable assembly tables may be grounded by connecting a ground cable from the table to an identified ground point as described in paragraph 7-5.

f. Should it be impossible to ground the weapon or weapon components then the following alternate procedures shall be used:

(1) During assembly and/or immediately prior to mating, the separate sections shall be brought to the same electrostatic potential by touching the ends of a grounding wire from the metallic portion of the skin of one section to the metallic portion of the skin of the other, or personnel may simultaneously touch the metallic portion of the skin of both sections with bare hands, taking care in either case not to touch any of the weapon’s electrical connector pins.

(2) Immediately prior to disassembly, the weapon shall be momentarily grounded or a ground shall be maintained on the main body of the weapon while the sections are removed, whichever is more practical.

7-8. GROUNDING DURING AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS. Rotary and fixed wing aircraft can develop significant static electrical charges from several sources. Static charges may develop from wind over the deck on aircraft surfaces and from aircraft rotating parts such as propellers, rotors, and turbines. Static charges are developed during flight and may remain after landing. Also, radio frequency energy aboard ship and from the aircraft may result in an unacceptable level of electromagnetic energy being coupled onto the aircraft. When required by the weapons technical manuals or the platforms technical publications, aircraft may be grounded by attaching one end of a ground cable to a ground point, defined in paragraph 7-5, and the other end to an acceptable ground point on the aircraft. The distance between the ground connection at the aircraft shall be the minimum possible and shall be moved as necessary during aircraft uploading or downloading. This method will provide a low impedance connection to ground, facilitating a rapid equalization process.


7-5


a. Prior to conducting any aircraft ordnance operation, the aircraft shall be grounded to the ship using an aircraft ground cable.

b. When connecting ground cables, care must be given to break through any paint or corrosion at the ship ground point.

c. Aircraft tiedown chains are not adequate ground paths.

7-9. AIRCRAFT ORDNANCE OPERATIONS. Given the complexity of these operations, weapons PEO/PM and ISEAs shall coordinate all grounding requirements with the aircraft PEO/PM and ISEAs. Grounding procedures addressed in the weapon’s technical manual(s) should be followed.


a. The ordnance and personnel must be brought to the same electrical potential as the aircraft; therefore, personnel must make bare skin-to-metal contact simultaneously at the ordnance and the aircraft.

b. Aircraft and ordnance electrical connectors, dust caps and shorting plugs shall not be removed until the ordnance is loaded onto a launching adapter or bomb rack.

c. Open connectors shall not be exposed any longer than necessary.

d. Personnel shall not touch electrical contacts.

e. Personnel must be at the same potential as the weapon prior to replacing shorting plugs, replacing dust covers over contacts, or unloading/removal of the weapon.

f. Electrical cables on aircraft or ordnance shall not be allowed to dangle during uploading or downloading operations.

7-10. GROUNDING DURING STOWAGE. Unless stated otherwise in the weapon technical manual(s), grounding of ordnance items in their approved shipping configuration is not required during stowage.

7-11. SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FOR KNOWN ISSUES.

7-11.1. NAVAL AIRCREW COMMON EJECTION SEAT (NACES) OPERATIONAL GROUNDING. Aboard all aircraft carriers, a grounding point shall be determined for all aviation Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seats (NACES). The grounding point must not be used if visual inspections reveal paint or significant corrosion on the grounding point. Grounding points must be electrically tested at least annually for electrical continuity with the ship’s hull. Refer to paragraph 7-5 for establishing and testing a ground point.

7-6


7-11.2. WEAPON TEST AND REPROGRAMMING AREAS. Built-In-Test (BIT)/Reprogramming is accomplished in designated and properly equipped areas using either the Common Munitions Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) or Common Field Level Memory Reprogramming Equipment (CFMRE). The BIT/Reprogramming areas require a ground point, established in accordance with paragraph 7-5, special regulated electrical power, and sprinkler protection. The CMBRE and CFMRE BIT/Reprogramming areas are designated and approved by NAVSEASYSCOM, and are authorized as follows:

a. CV/CVN: Second deck mess decks.

b. LHA: Space 03-58-1-Q.

c. LHD: Space 03-53-1-Q and on the mess deck adjacent to the #3 cargo elevator.

7-7/(7-8 Blank)



APPENDIX A

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Accident - Any unplanned act or event which results in damage to property, material, equipment or cargo, or personnel injury or death when not the result of enemy action.

AECM - Airborne Expendable Countermeasures.

AEPS - Aircrew Escape Propulsion System.

Aerosol - A suspension of very small particles, either liquid or solid, in air. The particles are so small (less than 10 microns in diameter) that they remain suspended for considerable periods of time instead of settling out. Aerosols are an important form of dissemination for CW agents.

AFFF - Aqueous Film Forming Foam.

AIN - Ammunition Information Notice.

Aircrew Escape Propulsion System - This term collectively represents rocket catapults and rocket motors used in aircrew escape propulsion systems.

Airtight (structural closures) - Structural closures are considered to be airtight when they can hold a 2 psi hydrostatic load without leakage. When used in magazines, these closures shall be structurally equivalent to the bulkhead in which they are installed.

All-Up Round (AUR) - A missile with all major components operationally joined, consisting of a warhead (explosive), booster, propellant, guidance system, fuze, etc. An all-up round may or may not be assembled with less hazardous components such as igniter, wings and fins, tracking flares, etc.

ALN - Ammunition Lot Number.

AMHAZ - Ammunition and Hazardous Materials.

Ammunition - A device charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, riot control agents, chemical herbicides, smoke or flame for use in connection with defense or offense including demolitions, training, ceremonial, or non-operational purposes. Ammunition includes cartridges, projectiles, bombs, missiles, grenades, mines, pyrotechnics, bullets, primers, propellants, fuzes, detonators, torpedoes, initiators, and propelling charges. Ammunition does not include devices filled with chemical agents nor does it include nuclear or biological materials.

A-1


Ammunition and Explosives - Ammunition and explosives includes (but is not necessarily limited to) all items of ammunition; propellants, liquid and solid; high and low explosives; guided missiles; warheads; devices; pyrotechnics; pyrophorics; chemical agents, components thereof, and associated substances which present real or potential hazards to life and property.

Ammunition and Explosives Area - An area specifically designated and set aside from other portions of an installation for assembly, testing, maintaining, stowing or handling of ammunition and explosives.

Ammunition Group - Allows different Naval Ammunition Logistics Codes (NALC’s) from different compatibility groups to be stowed together in a designated stowage area.

Ammunition Lot - A quantity of ammunition which has been assembled from uniform components under similar conditions and which is expected to function in a uniform manner. Each ammunition lot is assigned a number.

Ammunition Lot Number - The code number that identifies a particular ammunition lot.

Ammunition Terminal - An activity which has been approved for large quantity ammunition and explosives transfer to and from DON ships (particularly cargo ammunition ships). Examples of ammunition terminals are explosives handling piers (piers used primarily for handling explosive cargo), scuttling sites, and explosives anchorages.

Anvil - A heavy metal block with a flat, smooth top on which metals are shaped by hammering.

APU - Auxiliary Power Unit.

ASW - Antisubmarine Warfare.

AT/FR - Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection.

AUR - All-Up Round.

AW Ships - Amphibious Warfare class ships.

AWSE - Armament Weapons Support Equipment.

Barge - A spacious usually flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of ammunition and explosives on inland waterways and usually propelled by towing.

Bilge - The lowest point of a ship’s inner hull.

BIT - Built-In-Test (for missile programming).

Blank Ammunition - Ammunition that consists of a cartridge case with primer and powder charge but which does not contain a projectile. Blank ammunition is used for simulated fire, for signaling, and for training exercises.

A-2


Blasting Cap - Blasting caps are classified in accordance with the method of initiation. These are two types of blasting caps:

a. Nonelectric (fuse) cap. An open-ended metal shell containing pressed charges and secondary (detonating) explosives.

b. Electric cap. A sealed metal or plastic shell containing the detonating charge and an electric firing element. Electric caps may be of the instantaneous or time-delay type.

Bomb Farm - Navy term for weapons assembly area.

Bomb-Type Ammunition - Ammunition that is characterized by a large high-explosive charge-to-weight ratio such as aircraft bombs, warheads, guided missiles, depth charges, and mines that are designed for dropping, launching, or planting. This type of ammunition depends on the destructive blast effect of the explosive at or near the target.

Booster - When the main explosive charge is not sensitive enough to be set off by ordinary detonators, an explosive more sensitive than the main charge is placed between the detonator and the main charge. This intermediate explosive is called the booster. A booster is normally the final high explosive component in an explosive train. It amplifies the detonation from the lead or detonator to reliably detonate the main high explosive charge. A booster may contain a well into which a primer or detonator is inserted.

Bravo Flag - A red flag that is flown to indicate the handling of ordnance afloat.

Breaking Out - The phrase "breaking out" of ordnance is defined as removing ammunition and explosives from the approved shipping containers.

CAD - Cartridge Actuated Device.

Canister Launchers - Some varieties of surface-to-surface missiles are received, handled, and stowed shipboard in a ready-to-fire condition within individual cylindrical canisters. The canisters are secured in clusters to fixed launcher structures that are oriented to the predetermined firing angles. Each canister has fire-through end closures and is connected to the shipboard firing system through umbilical connectors.

Cargo Ammunition Ships - The following vessels, when carrying ammunition and explosives as cargo, are cargo ammunition ships:

a. Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships.

b. Tenders (AD and AS classes).

c. Military Sealift Command (MSC) chartered ships.

d. Maritime Prepositioned Force (MPF) Ships.

A-3


e. Any ship entering a DON controlled port.

f. Any DON controlled ship regardless of location.

g. Lighters and barges.

Cartridge - A complete round of ammunition in which the primer, propelling charge and projectile or bullet are completely assembled to the cartridge case as fixed ammunition; or the primer and the propelling charge are assembled in the cartridge case and closed by a friable plug.

Cartridge Actuated Device (CAD) - This term collectively represents and is synonymous with cartridges, cartridge actuated devices, aircraft detonating cords and cartridge associated hardware. They are explosive-loaded devices designed to act as a gas generator, or to provide a stroking action or a special purpose action. Actuated devices may be reusable, employing an expendable cartridge for each design action or may be a sealed unit with a one-time function capability. The amount of explosives contained in these devices is normally small.

CBU - Cluster Bomb Unit.

CCS - Central Control Station.

CDO - Command Duty Officer.

Certification - A formal, documented declaration that an individual, by virtue of management review, has met all of the qualification requirements established to perform a task.

CFFC - Commander Fleet Forces Command.

CFMRE - Common Field Level Memory Reprogramming Equipment.

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations.

Chaff - Radar confusion reflectors, which consist of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes.

Chemical Agent - A substance which is intended for military use with lethal or incapacitating effects upon man thru its chemical properties. Excluded from chemical agents for purposes of this manual are riot control agents, chemical herbicides, smoke- and flame- producing items, and individual disassociated components of chemical agent ammunition.

Chemical Ammunition - Chemical ammunition includes a variety of items, the effect of which depends primarily upon the chemical filling rather than upon explosives or shrapnel, even though an explosive or ignition element is required to activate the ammunition. Included in this category are projectiles, bombs, shells, grenades, rockets, mines, aircraft spray tanks, and any other containers or devices used to disperse chemicals.

A-4


CIDS - Commercial Item Description Sheet.

CIWS - Close-In Weapons System.

CLF - Combat Logistics Force.

CMBRE - Common Munition Built-In-Test (BIT) Reprogramming Equipment

CMC - Commandant of the Marine Corps.

CNO - Chief of Naval Operations.

CO - Commanding Officer (of a U.S. Navy Ship or a shore activity)

CO, NOSSA - Commanding Officer, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity.

CODR - Conventional Ordnance Deficiency Report.

Cofferdam - A watertight chamber attached to a ship’s side to facilitate underwater repairs.

Cold Iron - The status of a ship that has shut down its main power plant and is dependent on shore power. A ship in cold iron is not capable of providing immediate propulsion.

COCOM - Combatant Commander.

Combatant - All DON-controlled ships not classified as explosives support ships; i.e., all ships which do not carry cargo ammunition.

Combustible Liquid - Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 °F and below 200 °F.

COMPACFLT - Commander Pacific Fleet.

Compatibility - Ammunition or explosives are considered compatible if they may be stowed or transported together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident.

Compatibility Group - The compatibility group for ammunition, explosives, and/or other hazardous materials which can be stored together without significantly increasing the probability of such an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. The compatibility groups are based on the system recommended for international use by the United Nations Organization (UNO) and as adopted by the Department of Defense (DOD).

Component - Any part of a complete round whether loaded with explosives or inert material, or empty.

COMUSNAVCENT - Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command.

A-5


COMUSNAVEUR - Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe.

CONREP - Connected replenishment.

Container - A general term that encompasses boxes; cartridge or powder tanks, cartons, drums, barrels, cylinders or cans; containers for long ordnance items; and cargo containers. A pallet is not considered to be a container.

Cook off - Any reaction of ammunition caused by the absorption of heat from its environment. In loaded guns, it consists of the accidental and spontaneous discharge of, or explosion in, the gun caused by an overheated chamber or barrel igniting a fuze, propellant charge, or bursting charge. Cook off may also occur in explosive loaded components when they are exposed to excessive heat or flame wash from any source, such as live steam, fire, rocket or gas turbine exhaust.

COSAL - Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List.

COSR - Convention Ordnance Safety Review.

COT - Consolidated Operability Test.

COTP - Captain of the Port (Coast Guard).

CV - Carrier Vessel.

CVN - Carrier Vessel (nuclear-powered).

DA - Intrusion detection alarm system.

DAC - Defense Ammunition Center command.

DC - Damage Control.

DCC - Damage Control Central.

DDESB - Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board.

Deadman Brake - A system that is automatically applied when unattended with a control that requires the operator’s constant physically applied release force during equipment operation.

Decontamination (Chemical) - The process of making any contaminated object, person, or area safe for unprotected personnel by chemically destroying, physically removing, sealing in, or otherwise making harmless the chemical agent on or around it. (In general, only areas or material contaminated by agents which have a long duration of effectiveness need be decontaminated, since agents with a short duration of effectiveness are quickly evaporated.)

A-6


Deflagration - A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is sufficient to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomenon with the reaction products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at subsonic velocity. The effect of a true deflagration under confinement is an explosion; confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction and temperature, and may cause transition into a detonation.

Delay - An explosive train component which introduces a controlled time delay in the functioning of the train.

Deluge - A sprinkling system that uses open sprinklers, such that when the control valve is opened, water flows from all sprinklers.

Demilitarize - To render ammunition and explosives innocuous or ineffectual for military use.

Demolition Material - Explosives and accessories used for blasting, eliminating hazards to navigation and obstacles to amphibious landing, or for destroying equipment.

DESRON - Destroyer Squadron.

Detonation - A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mixture or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. A detonation is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity. The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding medium, forming a propagating shock wave that is originally of supersonic velocity. This is the most violent type of explosive event, whether occurring within a munition or in bulk material. A supersonic decomposition reaction propagates through the energetic material to produce an intense shock in the surrounding medium, air or water for example, and very rapid plastic deformation of metallic cases, followed by extensively fragmentation. All energetic material will be consumed. The effects will include large ground craters for munitions on or close to the ground, holing/plastic flow damage/fragmentation of adjacent metal plates, and blast overpressure damage to nearby structures.

Detonator - A detonator is a high explosive device which, when properly used, will reliably initiate other high explosives in an explosive train by detonating wave or shock-front action. It may be electrically, mechanically (e.g., percussion or stab) or thermally (e.g., friction) initiated. A blasting cap is one type of commercial detonator.

Deviation - A departure from an established rule or standard. For explosives safety applications, a deviation authorized by Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is considered to be a departure from DON/DOD criteria, but under strictly controlled and regulated conditions based upon compelling operational need. Deviations which may be authorized by appropriate authority within the Naval service are event waivers, waivers and exemptions.

DIRSSP - Director, Strategic Systems Program.

A-7


Display Ammunition - Inert ammunition items and components that are used in display boards, exhibits, demonstrations, public functions, or that are kept as engineering models, souvenirs, momentos, or for decorative purposes.

Dock - An artificial basin or natural waterway, including the piers enclosing the basin, in which vessels may remain afloat when berthed at a pier or wharf.

DOD - Department of Defense.

DODIC - Department of Defense Identification Code.

DON - Department of the Navy.

DOT - Department of Transportation.

DOT Class - A category of materials classified by DOT based on the character and predominance of the associated hazards and of the potential for causing personnel casualties or property damage. The hazard classes are Explosives (Class 1); Flammable Gases (Class 2); Flammable Liquids (Class 3); Flammable Solids (Class 4); Oxidizers (Class 5); Poisonous Liquids (Class 6); Radioactive Materials (Class 7); Corrosive Liquids (Class 8); and ORM-D (Class 9). Refer to Bureau of Explosives Tariff No. BOE-6000, 49 CFR 173 for definitions.

Drill Ammunition - Inert ammunition which may have working mechanisms or cutaways and is used for training.

DU - Depleted Uranium.

Dud - Explosive munition which is not armed as intended or which has failed to function after being armed.

Dummy Ammunition - See Inert Ammunition.

Dunnage - The mechanical devices (e.g., stanchions, wire net shoring, wire rope lashes, etc.), lumber and tiedown equipment used in railcars, motor vehicles, vessels, etc., to support, protect and secure cargo for the purpose of preventing damage during transport.

Dunnaging - The process by which cargo is effectively blocked, braced and secured.

EED - Electroexplosive Device.

EER - Explosive Event Report.

EID - Electrically Initiated Device

EIDS - Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substances.

A-8


EIR - Explosive Incident Report.

Electric Blasting Cap - An electric detonator intended for initiation of dynamite Primacord, etc., in commercial blasting and military demolition and blasting operations. Used to initiate detonations in some experimental work.

Electric Detonator - An electroexplosive device designed to initiate detonation of a secondary high-explosive.

Electric Primer - An electroexplosive device designed to initiate burning or deflagration of pyrotechnic, propellant, or explosive. Some detonators have been designed as primers (e.g., Mk 124 Primer).

Electrically Initiated Device (EID) - Any component activated through electrical means and having an explosive, pyrotechnic, or mechanical output resulting from an explosive or pyrotechnic action, and electrothermal devices having a dynamic mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic output. Examples include bridgewire electroexplosive devices (EED), conductive composition electric primers, semiconductor bridge EED’s, laser initiators, exploding foil initiators, slapper detonators, burn wires, and fusible links.

Electroexplosive Device (EED) - Any single discrete unit, device, or subassembly whose actuation is caused by the application of electric energy which, in turn, initiates an explosive, propellant or pyrotechnic material contained therein. It does not include complete assemblies that have electric initiators as subassemblies, but includes only subassemblies themselves.

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) - The emission of electromagnetic energy from a finite region in the form of unguided waves.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) - The discharge of the electrostatic charge which accumulates on ungrounded surfaces (including those of human bodies, vapor droplets and dust particles). Such discharges can be transmitted across air gaps as sparks, which can initiate reactions of explosive vapors, dust, and finely divided explosives. They can also initiate an electroexplosive device in its normal mode, if transmitted through the bridge or by dielectric breakdown between the bridge system and the case.

EMCON - Emission Control. The emissions control of high-powered transmitters to remove or reduce to safe levels electromagnetic radiation in those areas where HERO SUSPECTIBLE, HERO UNRELIABLE, or HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE is being handled or loaded.

EMCON Bill - A set of directions for implementing HERO restrictions on each ship or shore station.

EME - Electromagnetic Environment.

EMI - Electromagnetic Interference.

Empty Ammunition - An ammunition item or component that does not contain explosive material or inert material. Empty ammunition items and components include:

A-9


a. Ammunition items or components that were manufactured empty or without the components that contain the explosive material.

b. Ammunition items or components that have had their explosive material completely removed by disassembly, firing, thermal treatment or other means.

EMR - Explosive Mishap Report or Electromagnetic Radiation.

EMV - Electromagnetic Vulnerability.

EOD - Explosive Ordnance Disposal.

ESD - Electrostatic Discharge.

ESQD - Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance.

Event Waiver - A deviation approved from an explosives safety criteria that is issued by a competent authority on a case-by-case basis for a particular evolution, issued for a limited period to meet a specific, recurring or non-recurring readiness or operational requirement which cannot otherwise be satisfied.

Exemption - A deviation from mandatory explosives safety requirements approved for the purpose of long-term satisfaction of recurring readiness or operational requirements. Except in certain cases where authorization to purchase real estate for sufficient ESQD clearances has not been granted, where it is in the best interest of the U.S. to grant agricultural leases of encumbered land, or where a significant impairment of the defense posture of the U.S. would result, a positive program for eventual correction of the deficiency must be planned and in the process of being carried out. Exemptions are generally issued for a maximum of 5 years, but will not be granted for a period in excess of that estimated for correction of the deficiency.

Exercise Torpedo - Service torpedoes functionable in all respects except for the explosive payload, designed to furnish operational data by the substitution of recoverable exercise components. Pyrotechnics, dye markers or explosive fittings may be attached to or incorporated in the assembly.

Explosion - A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mixture or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. An explosion is a reaction that proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at sonic velocity (by a shock wave process). The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of high pressure on the surrounding medium, forming a propagating shock wave. Ignition and rapid reaction of the confined energetic material builds up high local pressures leading to violent pressure rupturing of the confined structure. Metal cases are fragmented (brittle fracture) into large pieces that are often thrown long distances. Unreacted and/or burning energetic material is also thrown about. Fire and smoke hazards will exist. Air shocks are produced that can cause damage to nearby structures. The blast and high velocity fragments can cause minor ground craters and damage (breakup, tearing, gouging) to adjacent metal plates. Blast pressures are lower than that of a detonation.

Explosion-Proof - The term used in connection with electrical equipment means that such equipment is enclosed in a case which is capable of withstanding an internal burning or explosion of elements

A-10


contained inside the case and prevent ignition by spark, flash, or explosion of any outside gas or vapor surrounding the enclosure.

Explosives - The term “explosive” or “explosives” includes any chemical compound or mechanical mixture which, when subjected to heat, impact, friction, detonation or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapid chemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highly heated gases which exert pressures in the surrounding medium. The term applies to materials that either detonate or deflagrate.

Explosives Accident - See Explosives Mishap.

Explosives Anchorage - An area of water specifically designated for loading and unloading vessels and for anchoring vessels carrying a cargo of ammunition and explosives.

Explosives Area - Any area of a ship in which explosives or ammunition are present.

Explosive Limit - The total amount of explosive material authorized to be present at any time on or alongside a pier, ship, or boat/service craft or at any other authorized handling point or location, and outside of the skin of the ship. Explosive limits are based on net explosive weight.

Explosives Mishap - Includes all of the following occurrences, near occurrences and/or circumstances:

a. Chemical Agent Accident - Any occurrence involving a chemical agent which, in the opinion of a medically trained authority, did result in a disabling injury or, did or will result in $10,000 or more damage to property from contamination.

b. Dangerous Defect - A defect, found on visual examination or local test, in an explosive material/system which is capable of resulting in an explosives mishap (e.g., ruptures of explosives containers exposing filler, protruding primers, partially armed fuzes, safety devices missing or defective, etc.).

c. Explosives Accident - An unplanned explosion or fire involving an explosive material/system. This includes inadvertent actuation, jettisoning, release or injury to personnel, fire, explosion or damage to property.

d. Explosives Incident - An occurrence which creates a potentially hazardous situation. Incidents include, but are not necessarily limited to:

(1) Human errors in processing, assembly, testing, loading, stowing, transporting, handling, using or disposal of an explosive material/system.

(2) Unusual or unexpected occurrences, unnatural phenomena, unfavorable environments or instances of equipment failure which may damage or affect safety or reliability of an explosive material/system.

(3) Loss or abandonment of an explosive material/system resulting in a potential hazard to untrained personnel who may find the item.

A-11


(4) Misuse or unauthorized alteration of an explosive material/system.

(5) Any failure or malfunction of, or damage to, a launch device or associated hardware which occurs, when an explosive material/system is being handled or otherwise manipulated.

e. Explosives Near-Mishap - Any event which, except for chance, would have been an explosives mishap.

f. Malfunction - The term applied to an explosive material/system when it fails to function in the manner for which designed. Malfunctions are considered major or minor as follows:

(1) Major Malfunction - Failure to function in the manner for which designed, resulting in, or potentially capable of resulting in, personal injury and/or material damage.

(2) Minor Malfunction - Failure to function in the manner for which designed and does not result in injury or material damage is remote (duds, downrange prematures, etc.).

Explosive Ordnance Disposal - The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded ordnance. It may also include explosive ordnance that has become hazardous by damage or deterioration.

Explosives Safety -The summation of all actions conducted at DON activities, ashore, and afloat, designed to manage and control the risks and hazards inherent with ammunition and explosives operations. Explosives safety is the process used to prevent premature unintentional, or unauthorized initiation of explosives and devices containing explosives; and with minimizing the effects of explosions, combustion, toxicity, and any other deleterious effects. Explosives safety includes all mechanical, chemical, biological, electrical, and environmental hazards associated with explosives, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance, and combinations of the foregoing. Equipment, systems, or procedures and processes whose malfunction would hazard the safe manufacturing, handling, maintenance, storage, transfer, release, testing, delivery, firing, or disposal of explosives are also included.

Explosives Safety Quantity-Distance (ESQD) Arcs - The prescribed minimum distance between sites storing or handling hazard Class 1 explosive material and specified exposure (i.e., inhabited buildings, public highways, public railways, other storage or handling facilities or ships, aircraft, etc.) to afford an acceptable degree of protection and safety to the specified exposure. The size of the ESQD arc is proportional to the NEW present.

Explosive Train - A detonation or deflagration train (i.e., transfer system) beginning with the first explosive element (e.g., primer, detonator) and terminating in the main charge (e.g., munition functional mechanism, high explosive, pyrotechnic mixture, etc.).

Exposed Explosives - Explosives that are actually visible (such as unpackaged bulk explosives, disassembled or open components) and that also are susceptible to initiation directly by static or mechanical spark, or those that create (or accidentally create) explosives dust or give off vapors, fumes or gases in explosive concentrations.

A-12


Exudate - A hazardous substance which leaks out of a bomb cavity.

F - High temperature alarm circuit.

FAE - Fuel Air Explosives.

Fail Safe Operation - Fail safe operation is the ability to maintain the safety of the weapon and equipment at all times. Failure of the control system, power source, or of the manual or powered drive mechanisms, or the load bearing wire rope or chain, shall not result in damage to the weapon, cause a hazard to personnel, or result in uncontrolled movement of the equipment and load. The term “fail safe” shall not be applied to static components, to member and static parts of mechanisms, or to hydraulic and air cylinders.

Faked - To make one continuous loop of coiled-free rope.

FBM - Fleet Ballistic Missile.

FCC - Federal Communication Commission.

FD - Flooding alarm circuit.

FFAR - Folding Fin Aerial Rockets.

FH - Sprinkler alarm circuit.

FIUL - Fleet Issue Unit Load.

Fire Hazard - The hazard resulting from the tendency of certain materials to ignite spontaneously by chemical change, by spark, or by friction and contribute excessively to any fire in which they are involved.

Fire-Retardant - A term used to designate generally combustible materials or structures which might have been treated or have surface coverings designed to retard ignition or fire spread.

Fixed Ammunition - Gun ammunition, larger than .60 caliber, in which all components are completely assembled, the projectile is rigidly crimped to the cartridge case, and the entire unit is loaded into the gun in one operation.

Flammable - Combustible. A flammable material is one which is easily ignited and burns readily.

Flammable Liquid - Any liquid having flash point below 100° F and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi (absolute) at 100° F and any liquid of lesser hazard when artificially heated or atomized so as to increase the ignition hazard.

A-13


Flammable Solid - A solid substance other than an explosive that under conditions due to transportation, handling or stowage, is likely to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical changes, or as a result of heat retained from manufacturing or processing.

Flash Point - The mean temperature at which enough vapors of a liquid are given off to mix with air, ignite, and produce flames. Flash points are usually determine by the “closed-cup” method for liquids with flash points around normal temperatures; the “open-cut” method is used for liquids having relatively high flash points. Open-cup data are usually higher than closed-cup results.

Fleet - An organization of ships, aircraft, marine forces and shore-based fleet activities all under the command of a commander or geographic fleet commander who may exercise operational as well as administrative control.

FOD - Foreign Object Damage.

Fragmentation - The breaking up of the confining material of a chemical compound or mechanical mixture when an explosion takes place. Fragments may be complete items, subassemblies, pieces thereof, or pieces of equipment or buildings containing the items.

Friable - Term used to describe brittle or easily crumbled grains of powder.

FRP - Fleet Readiness Plan.

Fumetight - Tightness such that there is no visible or descernible opening in the closure.

FZ - Security alarm system.

GBU - Guided Bomb Unit.

GP - General Purpose (relating to bombs).

GPM, gpm - Gallons Per Minute.

GSA - General Services Administration.

Guided Missile - An unmanned vehicle designed as a weapon that travels above the surface of the earth along a course or trajectory that can be altered by an automatic or remotely controlled mechanism within the vehicle itself. The missile normally is destroyed in carrying out is mission.

Gun and Rocket Ammunition - A type of projectile and its propellant characterized by a ratio of explosive charge weight to total projectile weight of 30 percent or less. The explosive charge is designed to inflict its maximum damage by penetration of the target.

Hawser - A large rope for towing, mooring or securing a ship.

A-14


Hazard - Any condition which may cause an accident or contribute to the severity of an accident. For purposes of classification, four general types of hazards are recognized in connection with ammunition and explosives. These are mass-explosion hazard, mass fire hazard, non-mass-detonating (fragmenting) hazard, and moderate fire, no blast hazard.

Hazard Class - A numerical designator assigned to hazardous materials to denote the chemical and physical characteristics of material and its reaction under various test conditions. There are nine hazard classes as shown below as well as a non-regulated category. Refer to NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 for additional information.

Class 1 - Explosives.

Class 2 - Gases.

Class 3 - Flammable Liquids.

Class 4 - Flammable Solids.

Class 5 - Oxidizers substances and organic peroxides.

Class 6 - Toxic and infectious substances.

Class 7 - Radioactive materials.

Class 8 - Corrosive substances.

Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.

Hazardous Locations - Locations where flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in explosive or ignitable mixtures or where combustible dust or easily ignitable particles or fibers may be present.

Hazardous Material - The component of, or an item of, ammunition which is inherently designed to produce the necessary energy require for ignition, propulsion, detonation, fire or smoke, thus enabling the item to function. Also, a material (corrosive, oxidizer, etc.) which inherently is dangerous and capable of serious damage and which, therefore, requires regulated handling to avoid creating accidents in connection with its existence and use.

Hazardous Material (DOT definition) - A substance or material which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated.

HAZMAT - Hazardous Material.

HC - Hexachloroethane-zinc mix (smoke mixture) or High Capacity.

A-15


HE - High Explosive.

HERF - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel. HERF is the danger of igniting volatile combustibles by spark ignition due to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields of sufficient intensity

HERO - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance.

HERO SAFE ORDNANCE - Any ordnance item that is sufficiently shielded, or otherwise so protected that all EED’s contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in its expected RF environments, provided that the general HERO requirements are observed. Percussion-initiated ordnance is exempt for HERO requirements.

HERO Survey - Analysis, supported by measurements, which results in a description of the RF environment at specific ordnance handling, loading, storage and transportation sites. The RF environment is characterized in terms of its impact on susceptible ordnance systems and operations.

HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE - Any ordnance containing EED’s proven (by test or analysis) to be adversely affected by RF energy to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is employed in expected RF environments.

HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE -

a. Any ordnance item, including those having a HERO SAFE ORDNANCE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE classification, whose performance is degraded due to exposure to the RF environment, is defined as being HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE when its internal wiring is physically exposed; when tests are being conducted on the item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; when EED’s having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices.

b. Ordnance items containing EED’s, whose performance is degraded due to exposure to the RF environment, which have not been classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2. Items that fall into this classification may be exempted from being classified as HERO UNRELIABLE ORDNANCE as the result of HERO tests conducted to determine specific susceptibility.

HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE -

a. When internal wiring is physically exposed on any ordnance item, including those having a classification of HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ORDNANCE, to an RF environment that may cause accidental initiation or detonation, the item is defined as HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE; when tests are being conducted on the item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; when EED’s having exposed wire leads are present, handled, or loaded in any but the tested condition; when

A-16


the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineering HERO protective devices.

b. Ordnance items containing EED’s, whose exposure to the RF environment may cause accidental initiation or detonation, which have not been classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis are HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE and are subject to the restrictions of NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2. Items that fall into this classification may be exempted from being classified as HERO UNSAFE ORDNANCE as the result of HERO tests conducted to determine specific susceptibility.

HERP - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel. HERP is the danger of producing harmful biological effects in humans by exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields.

High Explosive - An explosive in which the transformation from its original composition and form, once initiated, proceeds with virtually instantaneous and continuous speed throughout the total mass, accompanied by the rapid evolution of large volume of gas and heat, causing very high pressure and widespread shattering effect. Some authorities classify high explosives by their sensitivity to initiation as “primary” explosives, those that are very sensitive and “secondary” explosives, those that are relatively insensitive. Primary explosives are also referred to as initiating explosives.

HM - Hazardous Material.

Holding Design Load - Load equal to the rated load, or the vector component in cases where the equipment is required to move and support weapons at fixed angles, plus the load imposed by dynamic forces of the ship during equipment holding conditions.

Hot Work - Heat or spark-producing equipment used for welding, melting, or with blow torches or other devices that develop temperatures higher than 288º F.

HSD - Heat Sensing Device.

HSV - High Speed Vessel.

HVAC - Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

Hypergolic - Term applied to the self-ignition of a fuel and an oxidizer upon mixing with each other without a spark or other external aid.

ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization.

Igniter - An assembly which, upon application of a mechanical or electrical stimulus, emits a flame capable of igniting a pyrotechnic, explosive material or device.

Ignition Temperature - The mean temperature at which a combustible material can be ignited and will continue to burn when the ignition source is removed. The ignition temperature for any one substance will vary with its particle size, confinement, moisture content and ambient temperature.

A-17


IMDG - International Maritime of Dangerous Goods.

Impulse Ammunition - Cartridges or charges consisting of specially prepared propellant charges contained in cartridge cases fitted with primers and assembled as blank cartridges for launching torpedoes, for propelling line throwing (carrying) projectiles, and for similar uses.

IMRL - Individual Material Readiness List.

Incapacitating Agent - An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties.

Incendiary - A chemical used primarily for igniting combustible substances with which it is in contact by generating sufficient heat to cause ignition.

Inert Ammunition - Ammunition and components that contain no explosive material. Inert ammunition and components include:

a. Ammunition and components with all explosive material removed and replaced with inert material.

b. Ammunition or components that were manufactured with inert material in place of all explosive material.

Inert Material - Material that contains no explosives, active chemicals, or pyrotechnics.

Initiating Explosive - A high explosive which is extremely sensitive to heat and shock and is normally used in small quantities to initiate the detonations or deflagration of a larger mass of less sensitive high explosive. Some authorities recognize the term “primary explosive” as synonymous with “initiating explosive.”

Inspection - A critical examination conducted by qualified personnel, using established techniques, to obtain an objective evaluation of the adequacy of personnel, equipment or procedures.

IRCM - Infrared countermeasures.

ISEA - In-Service Engineering Agent.

ISIC - Immediate Superior in Command.

JATO - Jet-Assisted Take-Off .

Jet-Assisted Take-Off - A device providing thrust to an object upon ignition by a discharging jet of gas created by burning propellant within.

JOERAD - Joint Operations E3 Risk Assessment Database.

A-18


JSF - Joint Spectrum Center.

JSWORD - Joint Shipboard Weapons and Ordnance.

JP - Jet Propulsion (fuel).

Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel (LFORM) - The material and equipment including rations, ammunition, fuel, clothing, weapons, etc., necessary to support Marine expeditionary units for approximately 30 days. This material, as discussed in this manual, is divided into 10 classes as follows:

a. Class I - Rations.

b. Class II - Clothing, individual equipment, supplies and tents.

c. Class III - Fuels.

d. Class IV - Construction materials.

e. Class V - Ammunition of all types: Class V (A) for aircraft and Class V (W) for ground troops.

f. Class VI - Personal demand items.

g. Class VII - Principle end items such as trucks, tank weapon systems, etc.

h. Class VIII - Medical supplies.

i. Class IX - Repair parts.

j. Class X - Humanitarian items (materials to support nonmilitary programs).

LCAC - Landing Craft Air Cushion.

LCM - Landing Craft Mechanized.

LCU - Landing Craft Utility.

LED - Light Emitting Diode.

LFORM - See Landing Force Operational Reserve Materiel.

LGB - Laser Guided Bomb.

LHA - Amphibious Assault Ship (multi-purpose).

LHD - Amphibious Assault Ship (multi-purpose).

A-19


Lighter - A flat-bottomed barge used for loading and unloading ships and vessels.

Liquid Propellant - Liquid and gaseous substances (fuels, oxidizers or monopropellants) used for propulsion or operation of missiles, rockets, and other related devices.

Logistics Movement - The transfer of ammunition to or from a ship at an authorized handling area.

LOX - Liquid Oxygen.

Low Explosive - An explosive usually ignited by a flame and which burns slower than high explosives. The speed of combustion is fixed or controlled by the granulation, the density of loading, the confinement (surrounding pressure) and similar factors. Combustion occurs steadily over the surface of the powder grains and from layer to layer until the total mass is consumed. The resultant reaction causes evolution of heat and usually a large volume of gas. Such combustion frequently is termed “deflagration.” The distinction between low and high explosives is not sharply defined and both terms are relative. Some low explosives under conditions of proper fineness, packing confinement, and initiation may detonate when ignited; conversely, some high explosives may simply burn if ignited under the proper conditions.

LPD - Amphibious Transport Docks.

LSD - Dock Landing Ships.

LSE - Landing Signalmen Enlisted.

LST - Tank Landing Ships.

MAC - Multiple All-Up Round Canister.

Magazine - The specific spaces which are designated for the stowage of ammunition, explosives and ordnance, and are equipped with detection, protection, and security devices and systems.

MAGTF - Marine Air Ground Task Force.

Maintenance Movement - Any movement of ammunition from its normal shipboard location to another location in order to conduct required assembly, disassembly, maintenance, or test of a weapons systems, or maintenance of a stowage area. A maintenance movement may include strikeup/strikedown, movement within the normal stowage area, or movement from one stowage area to another.

Maintenance of Ammunition - The upkeep and repair of ammunition, ammunition components, and ammunition details to keep them in serviceable condition and ready for immediate issue and use.

MARCORSYSCOM - Marine Corps Systems Command.

Mass-Detonating Explosives - High explosives, black powder, certain propellants, certain pyrotechnics, and other similar explosives, alone or in combination, or loaded into various types of ammunition or containers, most of the entire quantity of which can be expected to explode virtually instantaneously

A-20


when a small portion is subjected to fire, to severe concussion or impact, to the impulse of an initiating agent, or to the effect of a considerable discharge of energy from without. Such an explosion normally will cause severe structural damage to adjacent objects. Explosion propagation may occur immediately to other items of ammunition and explosives stored sufficiently close to, and not adequately protected from, the initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough so that two or more quantities must be considered as one for quantity-distance purposes.

Master - In terms of Naval rank, the captain of a Military Sealift Command (MSC) ship.

Material Safety Data Sheets - Documents provided by the manufacturer of a hazardous material as required by 49 CFR 1910.1200. An MSDS contains information about a specific hazardous chemical including health hazards, personal protective equipment, fire and reactivity information, physical properties and other information such as disposal regulations. MSDSs are available from manufacturers and must be maintained so they are accessible to all workers on all shifts who work with hazardous materials as part of the hazard communication standard.

Materiel - Equipment, apparatus and supplies used aboard DON units afloat.

MCO - Marine Corps Order.

MDD - Maintenance Due Date.

MEU - Marine Expeditionary Unit.

MHE - Material Handling Equipment.

MIL-STD - Military Standard.

MIP - Maintenance Index Page. An index of required scheduled maintenance actions detailed in the maintenance requirement cards (MRCs). They also provide information regarding how often and who is permitted to perform these maintenance tasks.

Misfire - Failure of a component to fire or explode following an intentional attempt to cause an item to do so.

Mishap - An accident or unexpected event involving Department of Defense (DOD) ammunition and explosives.

Mk - Mark.

MLA - Mission Load Allowance.

MM, mm - Millimeter(s).

MOA - Memorandum of Agreement.

A-21


Mod - Model.

Modify - To make a major or minor change in the design or assembly of an item of ammunition or component part thereof.

MOTT - Mobil Ordnance Training Team (under the command of COMNAVAIRLANT and COMNAVAIRPAC).

Moused - A spring-loaded clip or a line fastened around a hook to prevent the load from falling off.

MPF Ships - Maritime Prepositioned Force ships.

MRC - Maintenance Requirement Card. A series of maintenance tasks written by an In-Service Engineering Agent (ISEA) of a particular equipment.

MSC - Military Sealift Command. Ships under their command include all T-AE, T-AFS, T-AO, and T-AOE class ships.

MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheets.

MWR - Morale, Welfare and Recreation.

NACES - Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seat.

NALC - Navy Ammunition Logistics Code.

NAMP - Naval Aviation Maintenance Program

NAR - Notice of Ammunition Reclassification.

NATEC - Naval Air Technical Engineering Center.

NATOPS - Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization.

NAVAIRSYSCOM - Naval Air Systems Command.

NAVSTA - Naval Station.

NAVOSH - Naval Occupational Safety and Health.

NAVMEDCOM - Naval Medical Command.

NAVSEASYSCOM - Naval Sea Systems Command.

NAVSURFWARCEN - Naval Surface Warfare Center.

A-22


NDT - Non-Destructive Testing.

Net Explosive Weight - The actual weight of explosive mixture or compound including the TNT equivalent of other energetic material which is used in the explosive limits and ESQD arcs.

NEW - Net Explosive Weight (in pounds).

NFAF - Naval Fleet Auxiliary Fleet ships.

NOLSC - Naval Ordnance Logistics Support Center (formerly Navy Ammunition Logistics Center).

NOMMP - Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program.

Non-Standard Pack - When ammunition is not packaged in its prescribed container.

NOSSA - Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity.

NSDSA - Naval Sea Data Support Activity.

NSE - Naval Support Element.

NSN - National Stock Number.

NSTM - Naval Ships Technical Manual.

NSWC - Naval Surface Warfare Center.

NTP - Non-Thermally Protected.

NWP - Naval Warfare Publication.

OBA - Oxygen Breathing Apparatus.

OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer.

OHE - Ordnance Handling Equipment.

OHF - Overhead Fire.

OHO - Ordnance Handling Officer.

OIC - Officer-In-Charge.

OIS - Ordnance Information System.

OOD - Officer of the Deck.

A-23


OP - Ordnance Pamphlet.

Operational Necessity - A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of equipment and personnel.

OPNAV - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

OPNAVINST - Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Instruction.

Ordnance - Military material such as combat weapons of all kinds with ammunition and equipment required for their use. Ordnance includes all the things that make up a ship’s or aircraft’s armament - guns, ammunition, and all equipment needed to control, operate, and support the weapons.

ORM - Operational Risk Management.

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

PAD - Propellant Actuated Device.

Pallet - A wood or metal, square or rectangular platform upon which cargo is located so that the cargo and pallet may be moved as a unit and stacked without cargo rehandling. The platform is raised sufficiently to allow for pallet engagement by the forks of a forklift truck.

PEO - Program Executive Office.

PHD - Port Hueneme Division.

PHST - Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation.

Pier - A landing place or platform built into the water, perpendicular or oblique to the shore, for the berthing of vessels.

PM - Program Manager.

PMS - Planned Maintenance System.

POA&M - Plan of Action and Milestones.

Positive Control - Positive control is defined as physical restraint of the weapon to prevent the weapon from becoming disengaged from its handling equipment, or being damaged by striking adjacent structure, fittings, or weapons under any handling condition.

PPE - Personal Protective Equipment.

PQS - Personnel Qualification Standard.

A-24


Primary Explosive - Sensitive material used to initiate chemical reaction in booster explosives or as an initiation or ignition source for squibs and ignites used with propelling and pyrotechnic devices. Primary explosives are sensitive to heat, impact and shock and in warheads, are separated from the booster by the interruption of the fuze, exploder, or safe-and-arm device. Lead Styphnate and DXN-1 are examples of an approved primary explosive. Lead Azide and Mercury Fulminate are examples of restricted or obsolete primary explosives.

Primer - A mechanically or electrically initiated device, as originally used in military fuse trains, to initiate another explosive charge or the next element in the explosive train. Primers are more brisant than squibs and are of lower power than detonators.

Projectile - An object projected by an applied exterior force and continued in motion by virtue of its own inertia, as a bullet, shell or grenade. Also applies to rockets and guided missiles.

Propellant - Substances or mixtures of substances used for propelling projectiles and missiles, or to generate gases for powering auxiliary devices. When ignited, propellants burn at a controlled rate to produce quantities of gas capable of performing work but they must be capable of functioning in their application without undergoing a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT).

Propelling Charge - As pertains to gun ammunition, a propelling charge consists of a primed cartridge case loaded with smokeless powder; the mouth of the case sealed by a friable plug. It is a separate unit from the projectile and is termed as a unit of “separated” ammunition.

Protective Clothing - Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect personnel against hazards caused by extreme changes in physical environment or dangerous working conditions.

PSI, psi - Pounds per Square Inch.

PVLS - Peripheral Vertical Launching System (on DD(X) class ships).

PWP - Plasticized White Phosphorous.

Pyrophoric - Capable of spontaneous ignition upon contact with air, water, or other materials containing oxygen.

Pyrotechnics - Substances or mixtures of substances which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce, on demand and in various combinations, specific time delays or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, light or IR radiation. Pyrotechnics must be capable of functioning in their application without undergoing a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT).

QRT - Quick Reaction Test.

QUAL/CERT Program - Qualification and Certification program for explosives handling.

A-25


Qualifications - A documented list of requirements an individual must satisfy prior to being certified, i.e., testing, informal or formal classes, licenses, documented on-the-job training and experience, demonstrated task proficiency, physical, etc.

RADHAZ - Radiation Hazards (to personnel, fuel and other flammable material). Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields of sufficient intensity to produce harmful biological effects in humans, cause spark ignition of volatile combustibles, or actuate electroexplosive devices.

Radioactive Materials - Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. Radioactive materials are not within the scope and purpose of this publication.

RAM - Rolling Airframe Missile.

RAP - Rocket-Assisted Projectile.

Rated Load - Maximum load that is to be lifted, moved, or restrained by weapons handling equipment without overstress under the specified equipment operating and holding conditions. The rated load is determined by the weight of the weapon load (a weapon with its handling attachments, covers, shields, containers, cradle, skid, pod, etc.) and handling equipment not integral with the particular handling equipment or weapon load (such as slings, strong backs, hoists, or traveling bridge crane, or dollies on an elevator).

RATO - Rocket Assisted Take-Off.

Ready-Service Locker - A locker normally located on the weather decks for stowage of emergency issue ammunition items, to provide stowage for items returned unexpended from aircraft flights, or to stow items requiring emergency jettisoning.

Ready-Service Magazine - A magazine located in the magazine area (or near the weapon or area to be served aboard ship) and used for the temporary storage of restricted amounts of ammunition for emergency use; or in an operating line for limited amounts of explosives or components used in the production of ammunition.

Ready-Service Stowage - Refers to a condition of ordnance that has been made ready for employment. It provides the means to temporarily position ordnance near the corresponding aircraft, gun or launcher to sustain scheduled training or sustain combat sortie rates.

Relay - An element of a fuse explosive train which augments an outside, and otherwise inadequate, output of a prior explosive component to reliability initiate a succeeding train component. Relays, in general, contain a small single explosive charge, such as lead azide, and are not usually employed to initiate high explosive charges.

RF - Radio Frequency.

RFI - Ready-for-Issue.

A-26


RIB - Rigid Inflatable Boat.

Riot Control Agent - A chemical that produces only a temporary irritating or incapacitating effect when used in field concentrations.

Rocket - A missile which derives its thrust from ejection of hot gases generated from propellants carried in the missile motor.

Rocket Assisted Take-Off (RATO) - A device providing thrust to an object upon ignition by a discharging rocket of gas created by burning propellant within.

Rocket Motor - That portion of the rocket loaded with solid propellant.

ROLMS - Retail Ordnance Logistics Management System.

RORO - Roll On/Roll Off (vehicle).

RPV - Remotely Piloted Vehicle.

RSL - Ready-Service Locker.

S & A - Safe and Arm.

Safe Working Load - The maximum static load (in pounds or kilograms) which can be lifted or handled by a piece of handling equipment such as slings, forklift trucks, beams, and similar handling equipment. The terms "safe working load", "capacity", or "rated load" are considered synonymous.

Safety Interlock - Any device which stops or limits normal motion or operation of equipment to prevent or minimize the possibility of injury to personnel or damage to equipment.

Saluting Charge - Similar to a propelling charge, but is loaded with a small quantity of black powder in lieu of smokeless powder. Used only for ceremonial saluting purposes.

SAMM - Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management. A maintenance inspection program for Military Sealift Command (MSC) ships.

SCBA - Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.

Scuttling Sites - An area of water specifically designated for positioning a ship for flooding or sinking under emergency situations.

SEAL - Sea, Air and Land.

SECNAV - Secretary of the Navy.

A-27


Sensitive Materials - Sensitive materials are weapons, ammunition and explosives vulnerable to theft and having a ready-sale potential in illicit markets, or having a ready use during civil disturbances. Sensitive materials include items such as rifles, grenades, pyrotechnics, and explosives.

Separated Ammunition - Ammunition in which the projectile and the cartridge case are two units that are usually loaded into the gun separately.

Separate-Loading Ammunition - Ammunition in which the projectile and charge are loaded into a gun separately.

Service Ammunition - Ammunition intended for combat rather than for training is classified as service ammunition. This ammunition has been approved for service use and contains explosives, pyrotechnics, or chemical agent filler, and the propellant, if required, is of service or reduced charge weight.

Service Life - A period of time assigned to ammunition during which the performance of the ammunition is considered to be satisfactory.

Shelf Life - A period of time that certain ammunition may remain in stowage in its original, sealed container.

SHIPALTs - Ships Alterations.

SIAT - Ships Installation Acceptance Test.

Signaling Smoke - Any type of smoke, usually colored, emitted from a hand or rifle grenade or from a pyrotechnic signal.

SIST - Serviceable In-Service Time.

Small Arms Ammunition - Ammunition for small arms; i.e., all ammunition up to and including .60 caliber, and all gauges of shotgun shells. Also includes 14.5mm and 20mm ammunition which does not have high explosive or incendiary loaded projectiles.

Small Boat - For this publication, all boats and craft including rigid inflatable boats (RIBs), that can be carried on board another vessel or are trailerable.

S/N - Serial Number.

SO - Special Operations.

SOC - Special Operations Craft.

SOCOM - Special Operations Command.

SOF - Special Operations Forces.

A-28


SOLAS - Safety of Life at Sea.

Solid Propellant - Explosives compositions used for propelling projectiles and rockets and to generate gases for powering auxiliary devices.

SOPA - Senior Officer Present Afloat.

Sortie - A flight of an aircraft on a combat mission.

SOT - System Operability Test.

Sparkproof - The term used to describe equipment which is so designed to ensure no flames or sparks will escape to the surrounding atmosphere from within its case or enclosure. Also referred to as spark-enclosed.

SRF - Ship Repair Facility.

SSBN - Nuclear ballistic missile submarine.

SSN - Nuclear attack submarine.

SSRA - System Safety Risk Assessment.

Stability - The ability of any ammunition or explosive to withstand adverse conditions and deterioration while in stowage or use.

Stacks - Safe, orderly groupings of ammunition, explosives and related component parts in stowage.

Staging Area - An area on or near the weather deck outside of magazine stowage located in the vicinity of designated aircraft rearm areas on aviation and aviation capable ships. It is used to temporarily stow ordnance required by embarked aircraft to conduct pre-deployed training or combat operations. A staging area shall not be used for prolonged stowage. The quantity of ordnance maintained in a staging area shall be the minimum necessary to sustain the scheduled sortie rate and assure time for safe aircraft loading. This area must be manned at all times when ordnance is present. Additionally, it must be equipped with a sprinkler system, an accessible jettison ramp anda means of communication.

STANAG - Standardization Agreement.

Storage Compatibility Group - The compatibility group for ammunition, explosives and/or other hazardous materials which can be stored together without significantly increasing the probability of accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of the effects of such an accident. The compatibility groups are based on the system recommended for international use by the United Nations Organization (UNO) and as adopted by the Department of Defense. Refer to NAVSEA SW020-AC-SAF-010 for the descriptions of each compatibility group.

Stores - General shipboard, non-ordnance related supplies (e.g., food, medical supplies, clothing, etc.).

A-29


STREAM - Standard Tension Replenishment Alongside Method.

Superstructure - The portion of the ship located above the weather deck.

Supervisor - Any employee, officer, and petty officer, designated by the Commanding Officer (CO), Ordnance Officer, or other head of a department afloat to oversee and inspect personnel and employees and their operations.

SUPSHIP - Supervisor of Shipbuilding.

Surveillance - A process to assure that ammunition, explosives, and energetic material received, stowed, shipped or manufactured are safe, controlled and disposed of when unsafe.

SWFLANT - Strategic Weapons Facility Atlantic (located at Kings Bay, GA)

SWFPAC - Strategic Weapons Facility Pacific (located at Bangor, WA)

SWL - Safe Working Load.

TEA - Triethyl Aluminum.

TH - Thermite.

TMDER - Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report.

Toxic Chemical Agent - A toxic chemical that may be used effectively in field concentrations to produce injury or death. Toxic chemical agents are classified tactically as casualty agents.

TP - Thermally Protected.

TPA - Triethyl Pyrophoric Aluminum

Training Ammunition - Service, practice, or inert ammunition used for operational or classroom training.

TRP - Technical Review Panel (during ship acquisition processes).

Tug - A strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing other ships or vessels. May carry limited quantities of ammunition and explosives.

TYCOM - Type Commander.

UIC - Unit Identification Code.

UN - United Nations.

A-30


Unexpended Weapons - Airborne weapons/stores that have not been subjected to attempts to fire or drop. They are presumed to be in normal operating condition and can be fired or jettisoned if necessary.

Units Afloat - All commands, units or detachments attached to the Operating Forces and assigned to task designation. These elements, assigned to the chain-of-command of a Fleet Commander, may be physically afloat.

UNREP - Underway replenishment, which consists of connected replenishment (CONREP) and vertical replenishment (VERTREP) transfer methods.

Unserviceable Ammunition - Ammunition reclassified to unserviceable because of a change in expected service or shelf life, or due to deterioration or damage. Unserviceable ammunition is identified by:

a. NAVSEASYSCOM through issue of Notices of Ammunition Reclassification (NARs) and NAVSUP Publication P-801.

b. Inspection which may reveal defective ammunition such as:

(1) Improper seating of fuze in rocket warheads.

(2) Warheads which are cracked, dented, bent and with recesses which are

corroded.

(3) Ruptured missile seeker heads.

(4) Dented or deformed pyrotechnics.

(5) Leaking chemical ammunition.

(6) Exudate or other leakages from ammunition item.

c. Reports of ammunition or components dropped five feet or more (two feet for RAP).

USCG - United States Coast Guard.

USNS - United States Naval Ship (civilian manned).

VERTREP - Vertical replenishment.

VLS - Vertical Launching System.

Void - In terms of dunnaging practices, spaces between units of cargo in stowage and between units of cargo and ship’s structure.

A-31


Waiver - A written authorization from the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) which provides a temporary exception and permits deviation from a mandatory regulation or instruction. It is generally granted for short periods of time pending cancellation as a result of termination of scheduled work commitments or correction of the waived conditions.

WAM - Weapon Assembly Manual.

Warhead - That part of a missile, projectile, torpedo, rocket, or other munition which contains either the nuclear or thermonuclear system, high-explosive system, chemical agents or inert materials intended to inflict damage. RAP projectiles and rocket heads without motors are designated as warheads.

Watertight (electrical fittings) - Electrical fittings are considered to be watertight when the fitting’s enclosure prevents leakage of water striking or covering the enclosure. No ventilation or other openings are allowed in watertight enclosures. Gaskets are required for covers and doors. Test procedures to qualify electrical fittings as watertight are listed in MIL-STD-108.

Weather Deck (or In-The-Weather or Topside) - For the purpose of regulating ordnance safety within this document, stowage on the weather deck, in-the-weather or topside means stowage on the uppermost deck extending from side to side. This does not include stowage on lower decks that may be partially open to the weather, such as an aircraft hangar, vehicle stowage deck, or a covered well deck. It does include open sponsons and catwalks outside the skin of the ship that may be located below other levels.

Watertight (structural closures) - Structural closures are considered to be watertight when they can withstand the hydrostatic pressure of the bulkhead or deck in which they are installed with no leakage. Watertight structural closures include doors, hatches, scuttles, manhole covers and bolted equipment removal plates. Watertight closures shall not permanently deform when proof tested to 150% of the design pressure.

Weatherproof - The term used to describe equipment so constructed or protected that exposure to the weather will not interfere with its successful operation. Raintight or watertight equipment may not fulfill the requirements for a weatherproof enclosure. Consideration should be given to conditions resulting from snow, ice, dust, and temperature extremes.

Wharf - A landing place or platform built out into the water or along the shore for the berthing of vessels.

WHE - Weight Handling Equipment.

WP - White Phosphorous.

WR - Weapons Requirement.

WSESRB - Weapons System Explosives Safety Review Board

A-32


APPENDIX B

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

B-1. GENERAL. This appendix contains all the publications referenced in this manual, as well as publications which may provide further information on explosive safety matters.

B-2. NAVAL INVENTORY CONTROL POINT. The publications and instructions in this section are available from the Defense Distribution Depot Susquehanna Pennsylvania, Building 05, 5450 Carlisle Pike, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055-0789. Publications must be ordered in accordance with NAVSUP Publication 600, “Unabridged Navy Index of Publications and Forms.”

B-2.1. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD).

B-2.1.1. DOD Directives.

5000.1 - Defense Acquisition

B-2.1.2. DOD Instructions.

4715.4 - Pollution Prevention Pertaining to Lead Contaminants

5000.2 - Operation of the Defense Acquisition System

B-2.1.3. DOD Regulations.

5000.2-R - Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPS) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Program

B-2.2. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (OPNAV).

B-2.2.1. OPNAV Instructions (OPNAVINST).

3100.6 - Special Incident Reporting (OPREP-3, Navy Blue, and Unit SITREP) Procedures

3120.32 - Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy

3128.10 - Clearance Procedures for Visits to United States Ports by Foreign Naval and Public Vessels

3500.34 - Personnel Qualifications Standards (PQS) Program

3500.39 - Operational Risk Management

B-1


3591.1 - Small Arms Training and Qualification

3750.6 - Naval Aviation Safety Program

4790.4 - Ship’s Maintenance Material Management (3-M) Manual

5090.1 - Environmental and Natural Resources Protection

5100.19 - Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program, Manual for Forces Afloat

5102.1 - Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting and Record Keeping Manual

5530.13 - Department of the Navy Physical Security Instruction for Conventional Arms, Ammunition and Explosives (AA&E)

5530.14 - Department of the Navy Physical Security and Loss Prevention

8000.16 - Naval Ordnance Maintenance Management Program (NOMMP) [supersedes OPNAVINST 8600.2 - Naval Airborne Weapons Maintenance Program (NAWMP)]

8020.14 - Department of the Navy Explosives Safety Policy Manual

8027.6 - Naval Responsibilities for Explosive Ordnance Disposal

B-2.2.2. Naval Warfare Publications (NWP).

3-04.1 - Shipboard Helicopter Procedures for Air-Capable Ships (formerly NWP 42)

4-01.4 - Underway Replenishment (formerly NWP 14-1)

10-1.10 - Operational Reports (formerly NWP-7)

B-2.3. BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (BUMED)

B-2.3.1. NAVMED Publications.

P-117 - Manual of the Medical Department for the U.S. Navy

P-5041 - Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries

B-2.4. COMMANDER NAVAL AIR FORCES (COMNAVAIRFOR).

B-2.4.1. COMNAVAIRFOR Instructions (COMNAVAIRFORINST).

4790.2 - Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP) (formerly OPNAVINST 4790.2)

B-2


B-2.5. NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVAIRSYSCOM).

B-2.5.1. NAVAIR Publications.

AG (series) - Periodic Maintenance

00-80R-14 - U.S. Navy Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue NATOPS Manual

00-80T-105 - CV NATOPS Manual

00-80T-106 - LHA/LPH/LHD NATOPS Manual

00-80T-120 - CV NATOPS Manual for the Flight Deck and Hangar Deck

00-80T-122 - Helicopter Operating Procedures for Air-Capable Ships

11-1-119 - Ammunition for Navy 20mm/25mm Aircraft Guns: Description, Characteristics, Safety, Maintenance and Packaging.

11-15-7 - Pyrotechnic Screening, Marking and Countermeasure Devices

11-19 (series) - AWSE Operational and Maintenance Manuals

11-19-100-1.1 - Approved Handling Equipment for Weapons and Explosives (2 Volumes)

11-19-600 (series) - AWSE Maintenance Requirements Cards

11-75A-92 - Rocket Systems 2.75-Inch and 5.0-Inch: Description, Safety, Service and Handling Instructions Intermediate Maintenance with Illustrated Parts Breakdown

11-85M-2 - Description, Preparation for Use and Handling Instructions, Rocket Motor (JATO)

11-100-1.1 - Technical Manual for Cartridge and Propellant Actuated Devices

11-120-20 - Ship Weapon Installations Manual, Airborne Pyrotechnics and Expendable Countermeasurers

11-140-5 - Bomb Airborne Weapon Assembly Manual

11-140-6.1 - Air-Intercept Missile Airborne Weapon Assembly Manual

11-140-6.2 - Air-Ground Missiles (Tactical) Organizational and Intermediate Maintenance Activities

11-140-6.3 - Air-Launched Guided Missile Training Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual

B-3


11-140-7 - Pyrotechnics Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual

11-140-9 - CBU Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual

11-140-10 - Paveway II/III GBU Airborne Weapons Assembly Manual

11-140-25 - Armament Weapons Support Equipment Configuration Manual (Organizational and Intermediate Maintenance Activities)

16-1-529, Volume 2 - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance

17-1-127 - Periodic Proofload Testing of Weapons Support Equipment

B-2.5.2. NAVAIR Air Requirements (AR).

67 - Air Requirement, Handling

68 - Air Requirement, Packing

B-2.6. NAVAL EDUCATION TRAINING (NAVEDTRA).

B-2.6.1. NAVEDTRA Courses.

43100-1 - Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) Unit Coordinator’s Guide

43108 - Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) for Weapons/Cargo Elevators

43386 - Magazine Protection Systems

B-2.7. NAVAL ORDNANCE SAFETY AND SECURITY ACTIVITY (NOSSA).

B-2.7.1. NOSSA Instructions (NOSSAINST).

8023.12 - Conventional Ordnance Safety Review (COSR) (formerly NAVSEAINST 8023.12)

B-2.8. NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEASYSCOM).

B-2.8.1. NAVSEA Instructions (NAVSEAINST).

4570.1 - Demilitarization and Disposal of Excess, Surplus, and Foreign Excess Ammunition, Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles and Inert Ordnance Material

8020.6 - Navy Weapon System Safety Program

8020.8 - DOD Ammunition and Explosives Hazard Classification Procedures

B-4


8024.2 - Magazine Stowage Layout Standards

10490.1 - Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Allowances for Amphibious Warfare Ships

10490.2 - Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Allowances for Combatant Ships

10490.3 - Portable Ordnance Handling Equipment (OHE) Allowance for Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Ships

B-2.8.2. NAVSEA Ordnance Documents (OD).

10773 - Safety Principles for Operations Involving Electro-Explosive Devices (EEDs)

44979 Volume 2 (SOF Supplement) - Firing Craft Operating Procedures and Checklists for Special Operations Forces (SOF)

B-2.8.3. NAVSEA Ordnance Pamphlets (OP).

5 Volume 1 - Ammunition and Explosives Ashore

2173 - Approved Handling Equipment for Weapons and Explosives (2 volumes)

2979 - TERRIER, TARTAR and STANDARD Missile Containers and Handling Equipment

3199 - Handling and Storage of Liquid Propellants

3206 - Handling and Stowage of Naval Ordnance Aboard Ammunition Ships (3 volumes)

3221/TM 55-607 - Loading and Stowage of Military Ammunition and Explosives Aboard Breakbulk Merchant Ships

3565 Volume 2 - Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards to Ordnance

3696 - Explosive Safety Precautions for Research Vessels

3703 Volume 1 - Swimmer Weapons Systems, System Summary

B-2.8.4. NAVSEA Ordnance Requirements (OR).

67 - Ordnance Requirement, Handling

68 - Ordnance Requirement, Packing

99 - Intermediate and Depot Maintenance Instructions

B-5


B-2.8.5. NAVSEA Technical Manuals.

S6340-AA-MMA-010 - OTTO Fuel II, Safety, Storage and Handling Instructions

S9000-AB-GTP-010 - Shipboard Safety and Damage Control Facilities for Stowage of Hypergolic Fueled Missiles and Fuel-Air-Explosive (FAE) Bombs

S9AAO-AB-GOS-010 - General Specifications for Overhaul of Surface Ships

S9522-AA-HBK-010 - Magazine Sprinkler Systems: Description, Operation and Maintenance Handbook

S9571-AA-MMA-010 - Underway Replenishment: Ordnance Handling Equipment and Transfer Units

SG420-AP-MMA-010 - Periodic Testing Arrangements for Ordnance Handling Equipment

SG420-AV-MMO-010/020 - Air Launched Weapons Handling and Stowage (CV-67)

SG420-BA-WHS-010 (All CV/CVN) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air-Launched Conventional Weapons

SG420-BA-WHS-020/050(C) - Air Launched Weapons Handling and Stowage (CVN-65)

SG420-BJ-WHS-010/020(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-70)

SG420-BM-WHS-010 - Air Launched Weapons, Handling and Stowage (CV-63)

SG420-BO-WHS-010 - Air Launched Weapons, Handling and Stowage (CV-64)

SG420-B5-WHS-010 - Technical Manual for Handling and Stowage of Air-Launched Weapons Aboard Amphibious Ships

SG420-B9-WHS-010/020(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-71)

SG420-CP-WHS-010 - Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CVN-72)

SG420-CU-MMO-010/020 - Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-68)

SG420-CV-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-73)

B-6


SG420-CY-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-74)

SG420-DB-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-69)

SG420-DC-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-75)

SG420-DD-WHS-010(C) - Shipboard Stowage and Handling of Air Launched Conventional Weapons (CV-76)

SG827-AF-MMO-010 - Portable Monorail Hoist, Pneumatic Powered

SG827-AV-MMM-010 - Pneumatic Operated Monorail Hoist

SO400-AD-URM-010/TUM - Tag-out User’s Manual

SW010-AB-GTP-010 - United States Navy Ammunition: Historical and Functional Data

SW010-AD-GTP-010 - Small Arms and Special Warfare Ammunition

SW010-AF-ORD-010 - Identification of Ammunition

SW020-AC-SAF-010 - Transportation and Storage Data for Ammunition, Explosives, and Related Hazardous Materials (formerly NAVSEA OP 5 Volume 2 and NAVSEA OP 2165 Volume 2)

SW020-AD-SAF-010 - Explosives Safety Accidents and Lessons Learned (formerly NAVSEA OP 1014 and NAVSEA OP3347)

SW020-AG-SAF-010 - Navy Transportation Safety Handbook for Ammunition, Explosives, and Related Hazardous Materials (formerly OP 2165, Volume 1)

SW023-AH-WHM-010 (formerly OP 4098) - Handling Ammunition and Explosives With Industrial Materials Handling Equipment (MHE)

SW023-AJ-WHS-010 - Handling and Stowage of Amphibious Assault Ammunition Aboard Amphibious Ships (formerly NAVSEA OP 4550)

SW030-AA-MMO-010 - Navy Gun Ammunition

SW050-AB-MMA-010 - Pyrotechnic Screening, Marking, and Countermeasure Devices

SW050-AC-ORD-010 - Toxic Hazards Associated with Pyrotechnic Items

SW060-AA-MMA-010 - Demolition Materials

B-7


SW073-AC-MMA-010 - Miscellaneous Chemical Munitions

SW073-HO-MMO-010 - Miscellaneous Chemical Munitions

SW221-BF-MMO-060 - Close-In Weapons System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 11 through 14, Phalanx, Block I, Baseline 1 and 2, and Block IA (Maintenance)

SW221-BH-MMO-010 - Integrated Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) for Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 21, 22, 25, 26, 27 and 28

SW221-JO-MMO-060 - Close-In Weapon System (CIWS), Mk 15 Mods 11 through 14

SW300-BC-SAF-010 - Safety Manual for Clearing of Live Ammunition for Guns

SW370-AH-11N-010 - Shipboard Small Arms Ranges; Description and Installation

T9074-AD-GIB-010 - Fabrication, Welding and Inspection of Submarine Structure (formerly MIL-STD-1688A (SH) for HY80/HY100)

0938-LP-018-0010 - Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Criteria Manual for Surface Ships

B-2.8.6. Naval Ships Technical Manuals (NSTM).

S9086-CH-STM-010, Chapter 074 - Welding and Allied Processes

S9086-CH-STM-020, Chapter 074 - Non-Destructive Testing of Metals: Qualification and Certification Requirements for Naval Personnel

S9086-CH-STM-030, Chapter 074 - Gas-Free Engineering

S9086-CN-STM-010, Chapter 079 - Damage Control, Stability and Buoyancy

S9086-CN-STM-020, Chapter 079 - Damage Control, Practical Damage Control

S9086-CN-STM-030, Chapter 079 - Damage Control, Engineering Casualty Control

S9086-RJ-STM-000, Chapter 504 - Pressure, Temperature and Other Mechanical and Electromechanical Measuring Instruments

S9086-RK-STM-010, Chapter 505 - Piping Systems

S9086-SX-STM-010, Chapter 550 - Industrial Gases; Generating, Handling and Storage

S9086-S3-STM-010, Chapter 555 - Surface Ship Firefighting

B-8


S9086-S3-STM-020, Chapter 555 - Submarine Firefighting

S9086-TL-STM-010, Chapter 572 - Shipboard Stores and Provision Handling

S9086-TM-STM-010, Chapter 573 - Cargo Booms

S9086-T4-STM-010, Chapter 589 - Cranes

S9086-XG-STM-010, Chapter 700 - Shipboard Ammunition Handling and Stowage

S9086-ZN-STM-010, Chapter 772 - Cargo and Weapons Elevators

0378-LP-040-8002 - Overhead Monorail System (LHD Class)

0920-LP-101-1010 - Crane System (Sideport) (LHA Class)

0978-LP-039-9010 - Hand Operated Trolley Hoists.

B-2.9. NAVAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSUPSYSCOM).

B-2.9.1. NAVSUP Publications.

538 - Management of Materials Handling Equipment (MHE)

600 - Navy Logistics Library User Guide

P-485, Volume III - Ashore Supply (Replaces NAVSUP Publication 437 - MILSTRIP/MILSTRAP Operating Procedures Manual)

P-724 - Conventional Ordnance Management; Policies and Procedures (formerly SPCCINST 8010.12)

P-801 - Ammunition Unserviceable Suspended and Limited Use (formerly NAVSEA TW024-AA-ORD-010)

P-802 - Navy Ammunition Logistic Code (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA-ORD-030)

P-803 - Index to Navy Ammunition Stock (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA-ORD-010)

P-804 - Stock List of Navy Ammunition Data Supplement (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AA-ORD-020)

P-805 - Receipt, Storage and Issue Sentencing (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AC-ORD-010)

P-806 - 0T/2E/2T Cog Ammunition Segregation Sentencing (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AC-ORD-020)

B-9


P-807 - Fleet Sentencing (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AC-ORD-030)

P-808 - Visual Aids (formerly NAVSEA TW010-AC-ORD-040)

B-2.10. MILITARY STANDARDS.

B-2.10.1. DOD Military Standards.

108 - Definition of and Basic Requirements for Enclosures for Electric and Electronic Equipment

129 - Marking for Shipment and Storage

167/1 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type I - Environment and Type II - Internally Excited)

167/2 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Reciprocating Machinery and Propulsion System and Shafting) Types III, IV and V (Controlled Distribution)

882 - Standard Practice for Systems Safety

1472 - Department of Defense Criteria Standard: Human Engineering

1760 - Interface Standard for Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System

B-2.10.2. Navy Military Standards.

1322 - Unit Loads of Ammunition and Explosives for Domestic and Overseas Shipment

1323 - Unit Loads of Ammunition and Explosives for Underway Replenishment

1365 - General Design Criteria for Handling Equipment Associated with Weapons and Related Items

1386 - Loading Hazardous Materials in MILVAN Containers

B-2.10.3. Weapon Requirements (WR).

53 - Unit Loads of Ammunition and Explosives for Domestic and Overseas Shipment

54 - Unit Loads of Ammunition and Explosives for Underway Replenishment

55 - Palletizing Amphibious Loads

B-10


B-2.11. MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND (MSC).

B-2.11.1. MSC Instructions (MSCINST).

3540.6 - Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management (SAMM)

B-3. STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT ORDER DESK. The following military handbooks, specifications and other standardization documents are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.

B-3.1. MILITARY HANDBOOKS (MIL-HDBK).

274 - Electrical Grounding for Aircraft Safety

419 - Grounding, Bonding and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities

B-3.2. MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS.

FF-S-2738 - Seals, Antipilferage

MIL-C-21215 - Crate, Pallet, Ammunition

MIL-F-24385 - Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentrate, for Fresh and Seawater

MIL-H-24653 - Hasp, High Security, Shrouded for Shipboard Doors and Hatches Using High and Medium Security Padlock

MIL-I-17244 - Indicators, Temperature, Direct-Reading, Bimetallic

MIL-L-19140 - Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated

MIL-P-43607 - Padlock, Key Operated, High Security, Shrouded Shackle

MIL-PRF-17951 - Deck Covering, Lightweight, Nonship, Abrasive Particle Coated Fabric, Film or Composite and Sealing Compound (formerly MIL-D-17951)

MIL-PRF-24667 - Coating System, Non-Skid for Roll or Spray Application (formerly MIL-D-24483)

MIL-S-901 - Shock Tests, High - Impact Shipboard Machinery, Equipment and Systems; Requirements for

MS3367 - Strap, Tiedown, Electrical Components, Adjustable, Self-Clinching, Plastic, Type I, Class I (Inactive for new procurement; replaced by SAE-AS33671)

B-11


TT-F-325 - Filler, Engraving, Stamped Marking (Type II)

B-4. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402; Telephone (202) 783-3238.

B-4.1. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR).

29, Part 1910 - Occupational Safety and Health Standards

40, Part 227 - Protection of Environment, Ocean Dumping Criteria

46, Part 199 - Lifesaving Systems for Certain Inspected Vessels

49, Part 171 - General Information, Regulations and Definitions

49, Part 172 - Hazardous Materials Tables and Hazardous Materials Communications Regulations

49, Part 173 - Shippers - General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings

49, Part 175 - Carriage by Aircraft

49, Part 176 - Carriage by Vessel

B-5. BUREAU OF EXPLOSIVES (BOE). The following publication is published by the Bureau of Explosives, 50 F Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20001.

B-5.1. BOE TARIFF.

BOE-6000 - Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation

B-6. MARINE CORPS (MC). Requests for Marine Corps publications should be directed to CMC (HQSP-2), Washington, D.C. 20380, and should be submitted in accordance with the current edition of MCO P5600.31.

3500.27 - Operational Risk Management (ORM)

3571.2 - Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Program

8020.1 - Handling, Transportation, Storage, Reclassification and Disposal of Class V (W) Materiel

P5102.1 - Marine Corps Ground Mishap Reporting

P8011.4 - Marine Corps Table of Allowances for Class V (W) Materiel (Peacetime)

B-12


P8020.10 - Ammunition and Explosives Safety Policies, Program Requirements and Procedures for Class V Materiel

P8020.11 - Department of the Navy Explosives Safety Policy Manual

B-7. UNDERWRITER’S LABORATORY. The following standard is available from Underwriter’s Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062; Telephone (312) 272-8800.

B-7.1. UL STANDARD.

96A - Standard for Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems

467 - Grounding and Bonding Equipment

B-8. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION. The following publication is available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London, U.K. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

B-9. SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. The following specification is available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Phone number is (724) 776-4841.

B-9.1. SAE SPECIFICATIONS

AS33671 - Strap, Tiedown, Electrical Components, Adjustable, Self-Clinching, Plastic, Type I, Class I (replaces MS3367 which is inactive for new procurement).

B-10. STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT (STANAG). The following STANAG may be accessed by the internet at: http://www.global.ihs.com.

4439 - Policy for Introduction, Assessment Testing for Insensitive Munitions (MURAT)

B-13/(B-14 Blank)



APPENDIX C

LANDING FORCE AMMUNITION COMPATIBILITY

C-1. GENERAL. This appendix further amplifies the landing force ammunition stowage compatibility requirements identified in paragraph 3-13.2.3. aboard amphibious warfare ships. Table C-1 provides a list of examples of ammunition compatibility, by Naval Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC), for each ammunition group.

C-2. AMMUNITION GROUPS. Table 3-4 identifies only 8 of 13 stowage compatibility groups normally found aboard ship when applying table 3-4, the compatibility groups are broken down into six ammunition groups. Each ammunition group allows NALCs from different compatibility groups to be stowed together. This helps the load planner stow landing force ammunition and explosives aboard his ship. An example of how this helps the load planner is ammunition group CC. When bombs only are stowed in ammunition group CC, it is limited to 11 of the listed NALCs. However, by adding hazard class S, the amount of NALCs is increased to 137 in the compatibility checklist. A brief explanation of each ammunition group is below, starting with the most restrictive.

a. AMMUNTION GROUP EE contains the most restrictive ammunition and is stowed in jettisonable lockers on amphibious ships. Thermite (TH) ammunition is in this group and must be stowed in jettisonable lockers.

b. AMMUNITION GROUP FF is the most restrictive ammunition group stowed within the skin of the ship. The use of portable plywood bulkheads is not authorized to segregate ammunition. It consists of white phosphorous (WP) filled ammunition, compatibility group H. Remember that HC smoke and small arms ammunition of compatibility groups G and S may be stowed with WP.

c. AMMUNITION GROUP DD consists of demolition materials in compatibility group D. These materials range from ¼-pound. blocks of C4 high explosives to 170-foot linear charges for clearing mine fields. Only demolition charges may be stowed in this ammunition group.

d. AMMUNITION GROUP CC consists of bombs in compatibility group D. These are primarily aviation in nature. Compatibility group S may be stowed in this group. Bombs must be stowed in this ammunition group.

e. AMMUNTION GROUP BB consists of fuzes, detonators, blasting caps, small arms and small arms primers in compatibility groups B and S. Compatibility group B must be stowed in this ammunition group.

f. AMMUNITION GROUP AA consists of the remaining items of ammunition and explosives not already stowed. It consists of compatibility groups, C, D, E, F, G and S.

C-1


Table C-1. Examples of Ammunition Compatibility Using Ammunition Groups Aboard Amphibious Ships

This is not all inclusive compatibility checklist. However, it does contain 626 NALCs frequently found on amphibious ships. Bold NALCs like C870 must be stowed in the pyrotechnic locker if available. LPDs are authorized to stow these NALCs with AMMUNITION GROUP AA below decks providing those items are in the original shipping containers.

AMMUNITION GROUP AA

AA04 A066 A260 A608 BY30 B650 D503 EWAF G826 HX07 LA01 L305 L598 MG36 MS63 M193 N286 PL95 WA83

AA06 A068 A358 A659 B504 C380 D505 EW76 G839 HY71 LA02 L306 L599 MG37 MS64 M232 N289 PU16 WF10

AA11 A071 A360 A665 B505 C384 D509 EW92 G874 H567 LA10 L307 L601 MG38 MS66 M308 N290 PV14 WF15

AA12 A075 A362 A675 B506 C385 D510 E069 G881 H812 LW53 L311 MD15 MG39 MS67 M363 N291 PV15 XW36

AA19 A080 A363 A676 B508 C386 D514 E893 G911 H942 LW60 L312 MD16 MG40 MT23 M500 N340 PV18 XW70

AA21 A086 A400 A692 B509 C445 D515 E913 G922 H892 LW62 L314 MD17 MG59 MT85 M543 N523 PV30 XW78

AA27 A102 A406 A772 B519 C449 D529 FW92 G924 H893 LX21 L323 MD18 MG61 MT95 M596 N659 PV47 XW79

AA29 A106 A450 A777 B534 C484 D532 FW98 G930 H930 L118 L324 MD33 MG67 MU44 M597 PB55 PV66 1W18

AA30 A111 A475 A862 B535 C787 D533 F392 G940 H931 L131 L328 MD54 MH88 MU45 M627 PB69 PV67 2W04

AA31 A112 A483 A896 B542 C791 D540 F470 G945 H933 L132 L378 MD65 MJ21 MU46 M630 PB92 PV74 2W05

AA50 A124 A518 A974 B546 C868 D541 F534 G950 H943 L133 L441 MF21 MJ91 MW02 M644 PC06 PV76 2W89

AX11 A127 A552 A975 B567 C869 D544 F562 G955 J143 L161 L442 MF60 ML03 MW19 M647 PC91 PV82 3W80

AX14 A130 A553 A976 B568 C870 D563 F739 G963 J147 L193 L451 MF72 MM55 MW29 M648 PD15 PV89 3W92

A005 A131 A555 A978 B571 C871 D564 F810 G982 J271 L225 L495 MF78 MM56 MW37 M670 PD63 SS01 4W61

A011 A136 A557 A979 B572 C875 D579 GG04 HA03 J329 L227 L518 MF97 MM57 MW56 M682 PE42 SS12 5010

A014 A140 A562 A981 B576 C995 EA65 G213 HA06 J345 L258 L540 MG29 MM58 MW80 M688 PE43 SS13 7W69

A017 A165 A570 A982 B577 DA12 EB05 G214 HA07 K092 L272 L553 MG30 MM91 MW86 M966 PE96 SS14 9W22

A023 A168 A576 A990 B584 DA13 EB33 G215 HA16 K143 L273 L554 MG31 MM92 M012 MM14 PL23 SS15 9W23

A024 A171 A598 A991 B627 DWBS EB38 G216 HA27 K180 L275 L580 MG32 MM93 M015 M845 PL53 SS16 9W24

A059 A191 A605 BA07 B642 DWCI EB59 G217 HA28 K181 L283 L585 MG33 MN08 M162 M852 PL61 SS17

A063 A255 A606 BA08 B643 D003 EWAA G382 HX05 K867 L302 L592 MG34 MN29 M174 M905 PL87 SS45

A064 A257 A607 BWFA B647 D501 EWAB G815 HX06 K870 L304 L594 MG35 MN79 M190 N285 PL89 SS46

AMMUNITION GROUP BB INERT

AA11 A011 A071 A130 A360 EA65 FW98 G878 MG29 MM56 MS64 MW56 M644 N290 SS45 AA20 EA68 H308 M001

AA12 A014 A075 A131 A362 EB05 F739 HY71 MG30 MM57 MS66 MW80 M648 N291 SS46 AA55 E511 H663 M002

AA19 A017 A080 A136 A363 EB33 F810 J329 MG39 MM58 MS67 MW86 M670 N331 XW70 A060 E808 H886 M097

AA21 A023 A086 A140 A400 EB38 G213 K092 MG40 MM59 MT23 M130 M766 N659 XW78 A135 E894 H945 M098

AA29 A024 A102 A165 A406 EW76 G214 MD15 MG61 MM91 MU44 M131 M845 SS12 XW79 A159 E962 H946 M165

AA30 A059 A106 A171 A475 EW92 G215 MD16 MH88 MM92 MU45 M193 M852 SS13 1W18 A162 E973 JW01 M474

AA31 A063 A111 A191 A483 E069 G216 MD17 ML03 MM93 MU46 M232 M905 SS14 7W69 A359 FW25 JW83 M475

AX11 A064 A112 A255 BWFA E893 G217 MD18 ML65 MN08 MW02 M500 N285 SS15 9W22 A501 FW44 J136 M476

AX14 A066 A124 A257 BY30 E913 G382 MD33 ML83 MN29 MW19 M627 N286 SS16 A560 FW90 J416 M477

A005 A068 A127 A260 B534 FW92 G839 MF60 MM55 MS63 MW29 M630 N289 SS17 A844 FW95 J433 M478

A924 F017 J434 M479

AMMUNITION GROUP CC EW76 FW92 G839 MD33 MM56 MS64 MW56 M670 SS16 A929 F411 LW02 M480

AA11 A005 A066 A112 A191 A475 EW92 FW98 HY71 MF60 MM57 MS66 MW80 M766 SS17 A931 F415 LW05 M481

AA12 A011 A068 A124 A255 A483 E069 F288 J004 MG30 MM58 MS67 MW86 M845 SS45 A966 F417 LW20 M482

AA19 A014 A071 A127 A257 BWFA E488 F289 K133 MG29 MM59 MT23 M193 M853 SS46 A967 F448 LW25 M483

AA21 A017 A075 A130 A260 BY30 E510 G213 K295 MG39 MM91 MU44 M232 N905 XW70 A968 F763 LX11 M484

AA29 A023 A080 A131 A360 B534 E892 G214 K301 MG40 MM92 MU45 M500 N289 XW78 BWBG F766 LY15 M486

AA30 A024 A086 A136 A362 EA56 E893 G215 MD15 MG61 MM93 MU46 M627 SS12 XW79 BWHC F768 LY53 M487

AA31 A059 A102 A140 A363 EA65 E895 G216 MG16 MH88 MN08 MW02 M630 SS13 1W18 B472 F780 LY57 M914

AX11 A063 A106 A165 A400 EB33 E913 G217 MD17 ML03 MN29 MW19 M644 SS14 7W69 CWCD F782 L111 NW20

AX14 A064 A111 A171 A406 EB38 E917 G382 MD18 MM55 MS63 MW29 M648 SS15 9W22 CWCG F919 L431 NW33

CWDC GG05 ML06 PN16

AMMUNITION GROUP DD M457 M913 M984 DWBG GW03 MN11 XWS7

ML04 ML12 ML17 MM26 MM31 MM38 MM43 MM48 MN33 MU43 M023 M031 M485 M976 M986 DWBH G130 MN12 XW38

ML05 ML13 ML18 MM27 MM32 MM39 MM44 MM51 MN34 MW52 M024 M032 M591 M977 M995 DWBI HW01 MW14 XW73

ML09 ML14 ML19 MM28 MM33 MM40 MM45 MM52 MU40 MW53 M028 M420 M757 M980 M996 DWBJ HW02 MW28 1W73

ML10 ML15 ML25 MM29 MM34 MM41 MM46 MM53 MU41 MW82 M029 M421 M791 M981 M997 DWBK HW49 MW38 1W82

ML11 ML16 MM24 MM30 MM35 MM42 MM47 MM54 MU42 MW84 M030 M456 M792 M982 M998 DWBY H121 MW49 2W12

DWCF H122 MW85 5W32

AMMUNITION GROUP EE G900 M598 M601 EA11 H142 MX14

AMMUNITION GROUP FF A360 A576 C477 EW92 G217 MD15 MG39 MM58 MS64 MW19 M627 M905 SS45

AA06 AA31 A017 A068 A111 A140 A362 A577 D528 F069 G382 MD16 MG40 MM59 MS66 MW29 M630 N289 SS46

AA11 AA50 A023 A071 A1112A165 A363 A606 D550 FW92 G839 MD17 MG61 MM91 MS67 MW56 M644 SS12 XW70

AA12 AX11 A024 A075 A124 A171 A400 A607 EA65 FW98 G930 MD18 MH88 MM92 MT23 MW80 M648 SS13 XW78

AA19 AX14 A059 A080 A127 A191 A406 A608 EB05 G213 G937 MD33 ML03 MM93 MU44 MW86 M670 SS14 XW79

AA21 A005 A063 A086 A130 A255 A475 BY30 EB33 G214 HY71 MF60 MM55 MN08 MU45 M193 M766 SS15 1W18

AA29 A011 A064 A102 A131 A257 A483 B534 EB38 G215 H929 MG29 MM56 MN29 MU46 M232 M845 SS16 7W79

AA30 A014 A066 A106 A136 A260 A562 B646 EW76 G216 K867 MG30 MM57 MS63 MW02 M500 M852 SS17 9W22

C-2 Change 1


APPENDIX D

SIGNS, PLACARDS, HAZARD MARKINGS AND LABEL PLATES

D-1. GENERAL. This appendix identifies the appropriate accident prevention signs, such as warnings, cautions, etc., and safety precautions shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of the meaning and intent of all accident prevention signs and safety precautions. The following signs, placards and hazard identifications and markings, and safety precaution label plates shall be clearly identified where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired

D-2. AMMUNITION FAR SIDE SIGNS. The words, “AMMUNITION FAR SIDE”, as shown in figure D-1, shall be posted on the external side of all boundaries of ammunition stowage spaces, except for those outside surfaces which are visible from the exterior of the ship or interior surfaces with special decorative material. They shall be paint-stenciled labels, painted signs, or permanently affixed adhesive reflective labels with a yellow rectangle, a minimum of 5 inches high by 9 inches wide. Black slanted lines are required along the top and bottom edges, not to obscure the letters. Letters shall be black, a minimum of 1/8-inch thick and 3/4-inch high. Markings on bulkheads shall be placed 5 feet above the deck and spaced 12 feet apart horizontally, if possible. Markings on decks and overheads shall be spaced 12 feet apart, if possible. Deck markings shall be placed to maximize visibility and in places where labels will not be destroyed during normal ship operations. All measurements are approximate and may be adjusted slightly where required.

FIGURE D-1. Sample “AMMUNITION FAR SIDE” Sign or Label

D-1


D-3. OTHER SIGNS AND PLACARDS. Appropriate signs and placards shall be posted conspicuously in all areas where ammunition and explosives are handled and stowed. Regularly scheduled training shall be conducted to make all personnel aware of their meaning and intent.

D-3.1. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO) WARNING SYMBOLS AND LABELS. HERO warning labels shall be posted at any location where radar equipment or other possible sources of electromagnetic radiation might create the potential for premature initiation of ordnance. Warning labels shall be affixed to portable and mobile radios. Refer to NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Volume 2 for detailed HERO information.

D-3.2. GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR MAGAZINE AND LOCKERS PLACARD. An explosives safety precaution placard will be posted at designated locations in all shipboard magazines and lockers. The Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and Lockers placard is shown in figure D-2. Some weapons may require special stowage instructions unique to the weapon. Program Managers for these weapons are required to provide and maintain the unique precautionary information to supplement the standardized placard shown in figure D-2.

D-3.3. GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR ORDNANCE HANDLING PLACARD. An explosives safety precaution placard will be posted at designated locations in all shipboard ordnance handling areas. The Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling placard is shown in figure D-3. Some weapons may require special handling instructions unique to the weapon. Program Managers for these weapons are required to provide and maintain the unique precautionary information to supplement the standardized placard shown in figure D-3, which is available through the local supply system.

D-3.4. WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP) SAFETY PLACARD. The safety precautions and treatment for white phosphorus (WP) injuries shall be posted in the vicinity of authorized stowage locations when stowing WP-loaded munitions as mission load, shipfill or landing force ammunition allowance. Figures D-4 and D-5 depict an example of each placard type.

D-3.5. NON-SPRINKLED BELOW DECK LOCKER PLACARD. A placard shall be posted on the hatch (door) of each non-sprinkled below deck locker that states: "Un-Sprinkled Ordnance Locker Max: 5 Pounds NEW of Hazard Class/Division 1.4S or less hazardous material.

D-3.6. DEPLETED URANIUM (DU) SAFETY SIGNS. Magazines and ready-service lockers approved to stow the Mk 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) containing DU ammunition will be posted on the exterior of the outside door with a "Safety Precaution, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling" sign, figure D-6. An example of this sign is also provided in the permit. Refer to paragraph 3-14.5.2. to obtain a current copy of the DU permit. Likewise, magazines below decks used for the stowage of DU ammunition shall be posted with the standard, "Caution: Radioactive Material," sign on the magazine entrance.

D-2


FIGURE D-2. Standardized General Safety Regulations for Magazines and Lockers Placard

GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR MAGAZINES AND LOCKERS(REFER TO NAVSEA OP 4 FOR DETAILED REQUIREMENTS)

1. No smoking, matches, lighters or open flames.

2. No hot work allowed in this space or to its boundaries.

3. No eating or drinking.

4. No alterations or modifications to this space without prior COMNAVSEASYSCOM approval.

5. This space shall be kept clean.

6. No unauthorized equipment shall be used in this space.

7. No other material shall be stowed in this space with ordnance.

8. Any unusual conditions of the ordnance such as leaks, moisture damage, odors or shifting in stowage shall be reported to supervisory personnel immediately.

9. No safety device shall be bypassed.

10. All ordnance shall be secured against ship’s movement. Ordnance shall be stowed in designated stowage spaces only.

11. Magazine temperature shall not exceed the limits for the stowed ordnance.

D-3


FIGURE D-3. Standardized General Safety Regulations for Ordnance Handling Placard

GENERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR ORDNANCE HANDLING(REFER TO NAVSEA OP 4 FOR DETAILED REQUIREMENTS)

1. A supervisor certified in accordance with OPNAVINST 8020.14/MCO P8020.11 (series) shall be present prior to starting handling operations.

2. An ordnance handling pre-brief shall be conducted prior to starting handling operations.

3. Personnel present shall be kept to a minimum.

4. Handling of ordnance shall be kept to a minimum.

5. Only authorized equipment that has been properly maintained shall be used.

6. Competition with other handling parties is prohibited.

7. Horseplay is prohibited.

8. Do not drop, bump, or hit ordnance. Do not strike ordnance with handling gear.

9. All handling equipment shall completely engage the ordnance suspension lugs or ordnance handling points. Supervisors shall verify complete engagement prior to lift or movement.

10. A minimum of two persons must be present to move ordnance.

11. Ordnance should not be left unattended on handling equipment. If it is necessary to do so, the ordnance and the equipment must be secured with tiedowns.

12. Do not move armed or damaged ordnance. Notify supervisory personnel immediately.

13. Bale hooks are not authorized in handling areas. All hooks shall be moused.

14. Never use cargo nets alone to handle ordnance.

15. Personnel shall be assigned to guide ordnance through scuttles or hatches.

16. Set HERO EMCON in accordance with the ship’s HERO bill prior to handling ordnance.

D-4




D-4. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MARKINGS. The following hazard identification and markings shall be clearly identified where ammunition and explosives are stowed, handled or fired.

D-4.1. DANGER STAND CLEAR OF LAUNCHER DECK AREA. For launcher areas, a "DANGER STAND CLEAR OF LAUNCHER DECK AREA" sign shall be conspicuously located on each side of the launcher deck. These signs must be stenciled in 2-inch white letters on a 21-inch by 18-inch red background.

D-4.2. DANGER CIRCLE. The Weapons Program Manager, in conjunction with NAVSEASYSCOM, is required to establish a danger circle around power-driven systems, such as gun mounts, turrets, gun/missile directors and missile launchers. The circles shall meet the following requirements:

a. The danger area shall be encircled by a painted red line, 4 inches wide. The inside of the red line shall be approximately 18 inches from the maximum rotating projection of the armament.

b. The danger area shall be labeled by painting the words “DANGER AREA” in 2-inch high white letters, centered within the 4-inch wide red circle line described in subparagraph a. The words “DANGER AREA” shall be repeated around the circle every 4 feet.

c. All ship’s structures that come in contact with the 4-inch wide red line and vertical extension of the line to a height of 7 feet shall be labeled with the words “DANGER AREA” by painting 2-inch high red letters, centered on the area, and its extremities at a height of 5 feet from the deck. The danger circle markings shall be extended to adjacent horizontal or near-horizontal surface where personnel could potentially stand or sit. It is not required to connect the arc across vertical surfaces to form a continuous connected circle.

NOTE

Without changing embedded functions the following applies:

d. If the danger circle falls inside of or on a gun tub enclosure, the outside of the enclosures shall be labeled by painting a 4-inch wide danger circle with 2-inch high letters spelling “DANGER CIRCLE” centered in the circle line. The top of the danger circle shall be in line with the upper edge of the gun tub and shall be painted as described in subparagraphs b and c.

D-5


FIGURE D-4. General Safety Precautions for White Phosphorus (WP)

FIGURE D-5. First Aid Treatment for White Phosphorus (WP)

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP)

1. All WP projectiles shall be stowed nose up to prevent them from becoming unbalanced should the filler melt and subsequently solidify.

2. WP must be stowed where temperatures can be maintained below 100° F because it melts at 110° F.

3. WP ammunition shall be handled carefully so it may retain its airtight seal. 4. WP will spontaneously ignite if exposed to air. If combustion occurs in a confined space,

the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the space will not be sufficient to support life. Further, high concentrations of the vapors produced by burning WP are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and skin.

5. WP vapors and fires can best be controlled by complete immersion of the leaking item in a tank of water which shall be kept available in the magazine or the adjacent handling area. Vapors and fires also can be controlled by the application of water fog, however, WP will reignite when the water has dried from it.

6. Exposed WP shall be kept wet until all traces are washed or scraped overboard. 7. Personnel involved in handling WP “leakers” shall wear goggles or face shield, heavy

leather or rubber gloves and rubber apron. 8. Prior to any handling operation, Medical Department shall be notified.9. WP munitions shall be protected from direct sunlight, rain, sea spray or other conditions

that may cause corrosion of the munitions containers.

FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS (WP)

1. Prompt first aid treatment of personnel hit by WP is required.2. First aid shall consist of flushing with large amounts of water. Remove obvious large

particles of WP from the skin by brushing with a knife, tool or stick, and cover with a wet dressing.

WARNING

Use water wet dressings only. Contaminated clothing should be removed as quickly as possible to the extent that this can be readily done.

3. Most effective treatment is neutralization of any phosphoric acid with a 5 percent bicarbonate solution (one cup sodium bicarbonate dissolved in a gallon of water). Irrigation should be continued for 10 to 15 minutes.

4. Do not use grease or ointments on WP burns.

NAVMED P-5041 provides information regarding treatment of WP injuries.

D-6


FIGURE D-6. Safety Precautions, CIWS Mk 15 Ammunition Handling

D-4.3. MISSILE BLAST AREAS. The Weapons Program Manager, in conjunction with NAVSEASYSCOM, shall establish a missile blast area in the vicinity of all missile launchers. This area shall meet the following requirements:

a. The location for missile blast areas shall be established as follows:

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, CIWS MK 15 AMMUNITION HANDLING

1. THE CARTRIDGE MK 149 MOD 0 AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN THE CIWS IS CLASSIFIED AS HAZARD CLASS/DIVISION 1.4. THE PRIMER AND PROPELLANT ARE THE ONLY COMPONENTS HAVING EXPLOSIVE HAZARD. THIS AMMUNITION MUST BE HANDLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH OP 4. THE CARTRIDGE CONTAINS AN ELECTRIC PRIMER AND IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO RADIATION HAZARD (RADHAZ). ALL HF TRANSMITTERS (2-32 MHZ) AND B-BAND RADARS (200-400 MHZ) SHOULD BE SECURED WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO HANDLE UNLINKED AMMUNITION, SUCH AS WHEN CLEANING A GUN JAM.

2. AMMUNITION ON DECK, OUT OF ITS APPROVED CONTAINER AND NOT IN THE GUN SYSTEM, SHOULD ALWAYS BE HANDLED IN THE APPROVED MK 7 MOD 1 RADHAZ LINKS. ANY LOOSE AMMUNITION THAT IS EXPOSED TO RF FIELDS SHOULD BE DISPOSED OF IMMEDIATELY. ANY CONDUCTING OBJECT IN CONTACT WITH THE PRIMER, INCLUDING PERSONNEL TOUCHING THE PRIMER, IN AN RF FIELD CAN CAUSE THE PRIMER TO DETONATE. EXTREME CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO HANDLE LOOSE AMMUNITION.

3. THE CARTRIDGE MK 149 MOD 0 CONTAINS A SUBCALIBER HEAVY-METAL PENETRATOR OF DEPLETED URANIUM (DU). THE RESIDUAL LEVEL OF THE DU, PRIMARILY ALPHA PARTICLES, IS SO LOW AS TO PRESENT NO HAZARD TO PERSONNEL. THE ONLY PERSONNEL HAZARD FROM DU IS ITS TOXICITY, THAT IS, THE POSSIBILITY OF HEAVY METAL POISONING IF ANY DU IS INGESTED INTO THE BODY. IN IT S UNFIRED STATE, THE DU PENETRATOR IS ENCASED IN A PLASTIC SABOT THAT EFFECTIVELY PROTECTS, OPERATING PERSONNEL FROM CONTACT WITH THE HEAVY METAL. HOWEVER, IF A CARTRIDGE SHOULD BECOME DAMAGED AND EXPOSED THE DU DURING HANDLING, OR IF DEBRIS FROM TARGETS THAT HAVE SUSTAINED HITS IS COVERED BY SHIPBOARD PERSONNEL, POSSIBLE HEAVY METAL POISONING MAY RESULT. LOOSE DU PENETRATORS AND TARGET DEBRIS SHOULD BE HANDLED ONLY WITH HEAVY GLOVES. SPECIAL CARE SHOULD BE EXERCISED IF ANY PART OF THE OBJECT BEING HANDLED CONTAINS JAGGED METAL THAT CAN EASILY TEAR THROUGH GLOVES AND OTHER CLOTHING TO DAMAGE THE SKIN. HANDS SHOULD BE WASHED THOROUGHLY AFTER ANY HANDLING OPERATION, AND ANY CUTS OR BRUISES SUSTAINED DURING THE OPERATION SHOULD BE REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO THE MEDICAL OFFICER.

D-7


(1) For ships with forward missile batteries/VLS, the weather decks forward of the deckhouse shall be considered a missile blast area.

(2) For ships with aft missile batteries/VLS, the weather decks aft of the aft extremity of the deckhouse and the weather decks immediately below the launcher deck shall be considered a missile blast area.

(3) For HARPOON, clear weather decks extending to a 50-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area. Weather decks immediately below the launcher deck shall be considered a missile blast area.

(4) For SRBOC/NULKA Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 25-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads, including topside areas directly above and below, shall be considered a missile blast area. Safety placards (see appendix D) shall be installed at all entrances to chaff and launcher groups.

(5) For CV/CVN and CLF ships with launchers on sponsons, the sponson shall be considered a missile blast area.

(6) For RAM Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 30-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area.

(7) For NATO SEASPARROW Launchers, the launcher deck extending to a 50-foot radius or bounded by bulkheads shall be considered a missile blast area.

b. The missile blast area shall be identified as follows:

(1) Accident prevention signs shall be conspicuously displayed on exterior bulkheads in missile blast areas. These signs shall read “DANGER: MISSILE BLAST AREA”.

(2) Accident prevention signs shall be conspicuously displayed on the interior of doors, hatches and other openings to missile blast areas. The signs shall read “DANGER: MISSILE BLAST AREA”.

(3) Accident prevention signs shall be conspicuously displayed at boundaries and accesses to launcher blast areas. These accident prevention signs shall read “DANGER: THIS OPENS TO A MISSILE BLAST AREA, DO NOT LOITER, LAUNCH MAY OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING”.

(4) Painting lines, circles, etc., to identify blast areas is not authorized, since there are no clear safety boundaries where blast is concerned.

D-4.4. AUDIBLE OR VISUAL WARNING DEVICES. All fully automated launching and firing systems must be equipped with either a functional audible or visual alarm system or both systems.

D-5. SAFETY PRECAUTION LABEL PLATE. Table D-1 identifies all the safety precaution label plates that shall be clearly and conspicuously located, as appropriate, where ammunition and explosives

D-8


are stowed, handled or fired. This table also provides National Stock Number (NSNs) and applicable form numbers to obtain the required label plates.

Table D-1. Safety Precaution Label Plates

NOMENCLATUREOLD/

SUPERSEDED STOCK NO./NSN

NEW/CURRENT STOCK NO./NSN FORM NO.

NO SMOKING 0177LF2216300 0118LF1134400 NAVSEA 1995/47

UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL-KEEP OUT

0177LF2251600 (Three Items still in stock)

0118LF1298800 NO NUMBER ASSIGNED (Awaiting Stock Depletion)

MAGAZINE & AMMUNITION HANDLING SPACES -SAFETY PREACAUTIONS

0177LF3300601 0118LF1134200 NAVSEA 1995/45

HANDLING AND STOWAGE OF BOMB TYPE AMMO

0177LF3307300 NOT LISTED

TORPEDO SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

40MM SALUTING MOUNT MK 11

0177LF33403000177LF0081400

0118LF1142800 NAVSEA 1995/63

LINE THROWING GUN NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

20MM GUN NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

PYROTECHNIC MAGAZINE SAFETY

0177LF3331601 0118LF1142200 NAVSEA 1995/60

ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

0177LF22511000177LF2251101

0118LF0196100 NAVSEA 1995/1

PYROTECHNIC AMMUNITION SAFETY PRECAUTION

0177LF33043000177LF3304301

0118LF0203300 NAVSEA 1995/28

STORAGE BATTERY SAFETY PRECAUTION

0118LF1143900 NAVSEA 1995/71

ROCKET MAGAZINE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

0177LF3306500 0118LF1143800 NAVSEA 1995/70

AIRBORNE ROCKETS NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

PRESSURIZED AIR SYSTEMS


AIRCRAFT GUIDED MISSILES


CARTRIDGE ACTIVATED DEVICES


D-9


WARNING-RESTRICTED AREA-AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY


AIRCRAFT MINES NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

FUZES AND RELATED EXPLOSIVE COMPONENTS


DEMOLITION CHARGES AND DETONATORS


SHOTGUNS NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

SMALL ARMS & MACHINE GUNS

0177LF00000510177LF0000061

0118LF0202000 NAVSEA 1995/22

RESTRICTED AREA-AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

0177LF2264100 0118LF1132200 NAVSEA 1995/32

OP INSTR (S) REMOTE CONTROL SPRINKLING

0177LF2213600 0118LF1152200 NAVSEA 1995/85

ORDNANCE ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

NONE LISTED 0118LF1133300 NAVSEA 1995/40

RADIATION SAFETY NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

GUN FIRING HAZARDS NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

HYDRAULIC FLUID PRECAUTIONS


SAFETY SUMMARY NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

AMMUNITION HANDLING PRECAUTIONS


GUN MOUNT PRECAUTIONS


SAFETY SUMMARY NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

READY SERVICE LOCKERS & AMMUNITION SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

0177LF3303701 0118LF1149000 NAVSEA 1995/81

WEAPONS STOWAGE RESTRICTION NOTICE


MAGAZINE RESTRICTION NOT LISTED NOT LISTED

Table D-1. Safety Precaution Label Plates (Continued)

NOMENCLATUREOLD/



D-10


NOTICE (LOW ORD EXPL)

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS MACHHINE GUN READY SERVICE LOCKER

0177LF0000101 0118LF1135400 NAVSEA 1995/50

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SMALL ARMS & MACHINE GUNS

0177LF000061 0188LF0202000 NAVSEA 1995/22

NULKA PLACARDS 99050109702049905013285954

Table D-1. Safety Precaution Label Plates (Continued)

NOMENCLATUREOLD/



D-11/(D-12 Blank)


Ref: NAVSEAINST 4160.3A NAVSEA S0005-AA-GYD-030/TMMP

NAVSEA/SPAWAR TECHNICAL MANUAL DEFICIENCY/EVALUATION REPORT (TMDER)

INSTRUCTION: Continue on 8 1/2" x 11" paper if additional space is needed.1. Use this report to indicate deficiencies, problems and recommendations relating to publications.2. For CLASSIFIED TMDERs see OPNAVINST 5510H for mailing requirements.3. For TMDERs that affect more than one publication, submit a separate TMDER for each.4. Submit TMDERs at website http://nsdsa.phdnswc.navy.mil or mail to: COMMANDER, CODE 312 TMDER BLDG 1388, NAVSURFWARCENDIV NSDSA, 4363 MISSILE WAY, PORT HUENEME CA 93043-4307

1. PUBLICATION NUMBER 2. VOL/PART 3. REV. NO./DATE OR TM CH. NO./DATE

4. SYSTEM/EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

NAVSEA OP 4 8TH REV, 1 JULY 2006

5. TITLE OF PUBLICATION

AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES SAFETY AFLOAT6. REPORT CONTROL NUMBER(6 digit UIC-yy-any four: xxxxxx-03-xxxx

7. RECOMMENDED CHANGES TO PUBLICATION

7a. Page # 7b. Para # 7c. RECOMMENDED CHANGES AND REASONS

8. ORIGINATOR’S NAME AND WORK CENTER 9. DATE 10. ORIGINATOR’S EMAIL ADDRESS 11. TMMA of Manual(NSDSA will complete)

12. SHIP OR ACTIVITY Name and Address (Include UIC/CAGE/HULL) 13. Phone Numbers: Commercial (____) _____-________

DSN (____) _____-________

FAX (____) _____-________

NAVSEA 4160/1 (Rev. 7-2003) S/N 0116-LF-985-4100


PLEASE CLOSE WITH TAPE - DO NOT STAPLE - THANK YOU

FOLD HERE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

=================

Official Business

COMMANDERCODE 312 TMDER BLDG 1388NAVSURFWARCENDIV NSDSA4363 MISSILE WAYPORT HUENEME, CA 93043-4307

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FOLD HERE

NAVSEA 4160/1 (REV 8/95) BACK