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Th
is d
ocu
me
nt
an
d its
co
nte
nt is
th
e p
rop
ert
y o
f A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
.
It s
ha
ll n
ot
be
co
mm
un
ica
ted
to
an
y t
hir
d p
art
y w
ith
ou
t th
e o
wn
er’
s w
ritt
en
co
nse
nt | [A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
Co
mp
an
y n
am
e].
All r
igh
ts r
ese
rve
d.
Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems
ISWC 2016 Emerging Applications Paper
20 October 2016
Christian Hennig1, Alexander Viehl2, Benedikt Kämpgen2, and Harald Eisenmann1
1 Airbus Defence and Space, Space Systems, Friedrichshafen, Germany2 FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Th
is d
ocu
me
nt
an
d its
co
nte
nt is
th
e p
rop
ert
y o
f A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
.
It s
ha
ll n
ot
be
co
mm
un
ica
ted
to
an
y t
hir
d p
art
y w
ith
ou
t th
e o
wn
er’
s w
ritt
en
co
nse
nt | [A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
Co
mp
an
y n
am
e].
All r
igh
ts r
ese
rve
d.
State of the Art in System Modeling in
European Space Engineering
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Realization of interdisciplinary design process through Model-Based
Systems Engineering (MBSE)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
3
Control
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Thermal
Engineering
Simulator
Engineering
Requirement
Engineering
Verification
Engineering
Power
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Optical
Engineering
Mission
Design
Operational
Engineering
Production
Engineering
Space
System
Engineering
Design of space systems with strong
multi-disciplinary characteristic
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Realization of interdisciplinary design process through Model-Based
Systems Engineering (MBSE)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
3
Control
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Thermal
Engineering
Simulator
Engineering
Requirement
Engineering
Verification
Engineering
Power
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Optical
Engineering
Mission
Design
Operational
Engineering
Production
Engineering
Space
System
Engineering
Mission Design
Mechanical Engineering
CATIA
Design
Model
Systems Engineering
PATRAN
Analysis
Model
Simulator Engineering
Verification Engineering
Access
Verification
DB
DOORS
Requirement
DB
System Model
Excel
Power
Budget
SysML
Functional
Specification
SimTG
Equipment
Models
MATLAB
Orbit
Model
EMF
TM/TC
DB
Excel
Mass
Budget
Design of space systems with strong
multi-disciplinary characteristic
Realization through Model-Based
Systems Engineering (MBSE),
with a central database acting as
data versioning and exchange hub
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Realization of interdisciplinary design process through Model-Based
Systems Engineering (MBSE)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
3
Control
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Thermal
Engineering
Simulator
Engineering
Requirement
Engineering
Verification
Engineering
Power
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Optical
Engineering
Mission
Design
Operational
Engineering
Production
Engineering
Space
System
Engineering
Mission Design
Mechanical Engineering
CATIA
Design
Model
Systems Engineering
PATRAN
Analysis
Model
Simulator Engineering
Verification Engineering
Access
Verification
DB
DOORS
Requirement
DB
System Model
Excel
Power
Budget
SysML
Functional
Specification
SimTG
Equipment
Models
MATLAB
Orbit
Model
EMF
TM/TC
DB
Excel
Mass
Budget
Design of space systems with strong
multi-disciplinary characteristic
Realization through Model-Based
Systems Engineering (MBSE),
with a central database acting as
data versioning and exchange hub
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
System Database
RangeDB developed by Airbus DS as engineering data management
solution: Object-oriented database based on UML data specification
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
4
as System Database
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
System Database
RangeDB developed by Airbus DS as engineering data management
solution: Object-oriented database based on UML data specification
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
4
ECSS-E-TM-10-
23A
UML
instanceOf
implements
as System Database
ECSS-E-TM-10-23 data specification
shared by European space community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
System Database
RangeDB developed by Airbus DS as engineering data management
solution: Object-oriented database based on UML data specification
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
4
ECSS-E-TM-10-
23A
UML
instanceOf
implements
as System Database
ECSS-E-TM-10-23 data specification
shared by European space community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Current approach with a number of shortcomings
• SC1: Necessity for cost-efficient deployment of system modeling application often leads to using generic structures
for CDM implementation, weakening semantics of defined concepts
• SC2: Inadequate tailoring support, resulting in re-deployment of an application for specific projects
• SC3: No explicit discipline context information on elements, missing out on further supporting the interdisciplinary
nature of the system design process
• SC4: No real exploitation of existing system design data, as the main focus is on data versioning and exchange
and concepts required for associating real semantics to CDM concepts are missing
• SC5: No existing capture and application mechanism for operational knowledge
5
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Th
is d
ocu
me
nt
an
d its
co
nte
nt is
th
e p
rop
ert
y o
f A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
.
It s
ha
ll n
ot
be
co
mm
un
ica
ted
to
an
y t
hir
d p
art
y w
ith
ou
t th
e o
wn
er’
s w
ritt
en
co
nse
nt | [A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
Co
mp
an
y n
am
e].
All r
igh
ts r
ese
rve
d.
Usage of OWL 2 for improving identified
shortcomings
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing Data Model and System Model in
OWL 2, additional formalization of operational knowledge
7
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML
instance of
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing Data Model and System Model in
OWL 2, additional formalization of operational knowledge
7
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML OWL 2
MBSE Ontology
Ontological Satellite
System Model
(Satellite Dataset)
instance of
manual
transformation
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing Data Model and System Model in
OWL 2, additional formalization of operational knowledge
7
Knowledge not yet covered by
CDMs, also available only on
„instance level“ per mission
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML OWL 2
MBSE Ontology
Ontological Satellite
System Model
(Satellite Dataset)
Engineering
Documents
instance of
manual
transformation
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Transformation of existing data (instance model and
data model) into an OWL 2 description
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing Data Model and System Model in
OWL 2, additional formalization of operational knowledge
7
Knowledge not yet covered by
CDMs, also available only on
„instance level“ per mission
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML OWL 2
MBSE Ontology
Ontological Satellite
System Model
(Satellite Dataset)
Engineering
Documents
instance of
manual
transformation
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Transformation of existing data (instance model and
data model) into an OWL 2 description
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
MBSE Ontology and Satellite Dataset freely available
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
8
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57955
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57957
MBSE Ontology MagSat Dataset
Axiom count 1632 1102
Logical axiom count 946 779
Declaration axioms count 664 301
Class count 360 14
Object property count 93 0
Data property count 30 0
Individual count 181 280
Expressivity SROIQ(D)
Both resources available at Zenodo
under Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Contributions
• Outlining of shortcomings of the established industrial data management practice used in space system
engineering.
• Delivery and application of an ontology for model-based space systems engineering for supporting numerous
activities involved in a satellite's design.
• Critical discussion on how OWL 2 can fit into current industrial data management and model-based systems
engineering settings.
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
9
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing CDM and System Model in OWL 2,
additional formalization of operational knowledge
10
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML OWL 2
MBSE Ontology
Ontological Satellite
System Model
(Satellite Dataset)
Engineering
Documents
instance of
manual
transformation
demonstration
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Approach: Re-hosting of existing CDM and System Model in OWL 2,
additional formalization of operational knowledge
10
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Object-Oriented
Satellite
System Model
Object-Oriented
10-23 CDM
UML OWL 2
MBSE Ontology
Ontological Satellite
System Model
(Satellite Dataset)
Engineering
Documents
Test Session
Identification Demo
CaseTest Identification
Demo Case
Property
Consistency
Demo Case
Discipline
Management
Demo CaseCritical Items List
Demo Case
instance of
manual
transformation
demonstration
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) as
currently established (roughly)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
11
Propellant Tank
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) as
currently established (roughly)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
11
Does the element exhibit
any kind of criticality?
Technology critical item?
Single point of failure?
Life limited item?
Contamination critical item?
Item with non-recoverable errors?
Safety critical item?
…?
Propellant Tank
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) as
currently established (roughly)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
11
Does the element exhibit
any kind of criticality?
Technology critical item?
Single point of failure?
Life limited item?
Contamination critical item?
Item with non-recoverable errors?
Safety critical item?
…?
What are the effects
of the criticality?
Fill/vent cycles lead to material wear
In case of rupture during test injury to personnell
In case of rupture during flight loss of spacecraft
Propellant Tank
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) as
currently established (roughly)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
11
Does the element exhibit
any kind of criticality?
Technology critical item?
Single point of failure?
Life limited item?
Contamination critical item?
Item with non-recoverable errors?
Safety critical item?
…?
What are the effects
of the criticality?
Fill/vent cycles lead to material wear
What are risk
reduction measures?
In case of rupture during test injury to personnell
Limit number of cycles
Include design margins
In case of rupture during flight loss of spacecraft
Perform burst test
Follow leak before burst design
Perform proof pressure test
Perform dye penetrant flaw detection
Propellant Tank
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) as
currently established (roughly)
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
11
Does the element exhibit
any kind of criticality?
Technology critical item?
Single point of failure?
Life limited item?
Contamination critical item?
Item with non-recoverable errors?
Safety critical item?
…?
What are the effects
of the criticality?
Fill/vent cycles lead to material wear
What are risk
reduction measures?
In case of rupture during test injury to personnell
Limit number of cycles
Include design margins
In case of rupture during flight loss of spacecraft
Perform burst test
Follow leak before burst design
Perform proof pressure test
Perform dye penetrant flaw detection
• Activity performed by experienced experts
• Has to be done for each component
• Potential to miss out on critical item assertions
• Highly formal work, but also a lot of thinking required
• Maintenance of list required during all project phases
Propellant Tank
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL)
ontology-supported approach
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
12
Propellant Tank
Inferred Statements
PropellantTank : LifeLimitedItem
PropellantTank hasFailureEffect MaterialWear
PropellantTank hasRiskReductionMeasure LimitNumberOfCycles
…
PropellantTank : SafetyCriticalItem
PropellantTank hasFailureEffect InjuryToPersonnell
PropellantTank hasRiskReductionMeasure FollowLeakBeforeBurstDesign
…
Reasoner
Accumulated
across projects
System
ModelCritical
ItemsOp. Knowledge
© 2
014 A
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All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL)
ontology-supported approach
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
13
Propellant Tank
Star Tracker ElectronicsZeeman Effect Magnetometer
Asserted Statements:
StarTrackerBootLoaderMemory : PROM
StarTrackerBootLoaderMemory contains StarTrackerBootLoader
StarTrackerBootLoader : StartupSoftware
Inferred Statements:
StarTrackerBootLoader : UnpatchableStartupSoftware
StarTrackerBootLoader hasFailureEffect SofwareBugMayLeadToBootFailure
StarTrackerBootLoader hasRiskReductionMeasure HighDegreeOfQuality
StarTrackerBootLoader hasRiskReductionMeasure CodeInspectionRequired
Reasoner
Accumulated
across projects
System
ModelCritical
ItemsOp. Knowledge
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Th
is d
ocu
me
nt
an
d its
co
nte
nt is
th
e p
rop
ert
y o
f A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
.
It s
ha
ll n
ot
be
co
mm
un
ica
ted
to
an
y t
hir
d p
art
y w
ith
ou
t th
e o
wn
er’
s w
ritt
en
co
nse
nt | [A
irb
us D
efe
nce
an
d S
pa
ce
Co
mp
an
y n
am
e].
All r
igh
ts r
ese
rve
d.
Lessons Learned and Conclusion
© 2
014 A
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pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
The usage of OWL 2 in the MBSE context draws an ambivalent
picture
Good deal of helpful functionality introduced by usage of OWL 2
• Classification of individuals based on modeled information
• Ability to infer new property assertions on individuals based on asserted types
• Explanation of made inferences
• Ability to ensure semantic consistency of a multi-classification environment
Ambivalent aspects that behave „differently“ compared to existing engineering data
management applications
• Nonunique Naming Assumption
• Possibility to manage data in the ABox that is not scoped by the TBox
However, also problematic aspects were introduced
• Lack of built-in part-of/containment/composition semantics
• Shortcomings when reasoning with numeric values
• Lack of closed world behavior, no possibility to employ negation as failure
15
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Conclusion
• Direct replacement of current system models with ontologies not feasible, too much in contrast to
established modeling and working approach
• However, ontology-based system models introduce functionality benefical to system design quality, system
development cost, and time required, that cannot be ignored
• Exploration of hybrid architectures that offer both object-oriented and ontological semantics on system level
16
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Contact Details
17
Christian Hennig
Functional Verification Infrastructure & Space Physics Germany (TSOTC5)
Airbus DS GmbH
Claude-Dornier-Str.
88090 Immenstaad
Germany
T +49 7545 8 4685
www.airbusdefenceandspace.com
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Generation and Administration of the Critical Items List (CIL) -
Conclusion
18
Total
classes
Modeled
classes
Inferred critical
item assertions
Inferred total
effects
Inferred total
measures
Contamination critical items 3 3 4 4 4
Life limited items 12 5 6 7 13
Magnetic cleanliness items 10 7 11 11 10
Safety critical items 31 22 27 45 64
Total 56 37 48 67 91
No satisfying solution found for modeling the class of Single Points
of Failure, due Open World Assumption
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
This demonstration case deals deals with SC4 (Inadequate exploitation of existing
system design data) and SC5 (No notion of knowledge base)
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Design of space systems with strong multi-disciplinary characteristic
• Systems engineering is a means to manage complexity and coordinate disciplines
• First usage in the 1940s at Bell Labs
• First large-scale employment during development of the Atlas ICBM, key success factor in Apollo space program
• Spreading into other domains, such as automotive, healthcare, infrastructure
19
Control
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Thermal
Engineering
Simulator
Engineering
Requirements
Engineering
Verification
Engineering
Power
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Optical
Engineering
Mission DesignOperational
Engineering
Production
Engineering
Space
System
Engineering
Image credits: European Space Agency, "ESA Science & Technology: Rosetta," 2015. [Online]. Available: http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
System model as a central hub for data management and exchange
in the approach of „Model-based Systems Engineering“ (MBSE)
20
Mission Design
Mechanical Engineering
CATIA
Design
Model
Systems Engineering
PATRAN
Analysis
Model
Simulator Engineering
Verification Engineering
Access
Verification
DB
DOORS
Requirement
DB
System Model
Excel
Power
Budget
SysML
Functional
Specification
SimTG
Equipment
Models
MATLAB
Orbit
Model
EMF
TM/TC
DB
Excel
Mass
Budget
• Domains well covered by mature models and model chains
• System model as a facilitator for data management and exchange, and as container for system design
• Possibility to perform operations on the system design that required data from numerous disciplines
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Implementation of the MBSE appraoch at Airbus DS with RangeDB
21
Functional
Decomposition
Data
Operational
Concepts
Data
System
Architecture
Data
Syste
m V
erification
Data
Product Structure
Product
Tree
Configuration
Tree
Assembly
Tree
Items
As Built
Interdisciplinary Shared Data
Me
ch
an
ical
En
gin
ee
ring D
ata
Ele
ctr
ica
l
En
gin
ee
ring D
ata
Mo
nito
rin
g a
nd
Co
ntr
ol D
ata
OB
SW
En
gin
ee
ring D
ata
AIT
En
gin
eerin
g
Data
AO
C E
ngin
eerin
g
Data
Key System Properties (budget, margin, assumptions)
(Me
ta-)
da
ta fo
r
co
nfigu
ratio
n
ma
na
gem
ent
(Me
ta-)
da
ta fo
r ch
an
ge
ma
na
gem
ent
Requ
ire
men
ts D
ata
Data Versioning
Branching and
Merging
Consistency
Checking
Querying
ScriptingData History and
Comparison
Online/Offline
Working Modes
Model Migration Reporting
Document
Generation
Data Reuse
Data Import and
Export
Data Function
RangeDB as System Database
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Technical background of data specification approach
22
ECSS-E-TM-
10-23A
UML
System Model
instanceOf
implements
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Object-oriented database implementing a
data specification shared by the community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Technical background of data specification approach
22
ECSS-E-TM-
10-23A
UML
System Model
instanceOf
implements
M0
System Model
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Object-oriented database implementing a
data specification shared by the community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Technical background of data specification approach
22
ECSS-E-TM-
10-23A
UML
System Model
instanceOf
implements
Conceptual
Data Model
M0
System Model
ECSS-E-TM-10-23 data specification
shared by European space community
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
M1
Object-oriented database implementing a
data specification shared by the community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Technical background of data specification approach
22
ECSS-E-TM-
10-23A
UML
System Model
instanceOf
implements
Conceptual
Data Model
M0
System Model
ECSS-E-TM-10-23 data specification
shared by European space community
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Logical and Technical
Data Models
M1
Object-oriented database implementing a
data specification shared by the community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
Technical background of data specification approach
22
ECSS-E-TM-
10-23A
UML
System Model
instanceOf
implements
M2
(Data) Modeling
Language
Conceptual
Data Model
M0
System Model
ECSS-E-TM-10-23 data specification
shared by European space community
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.
Logical and Technical
Data Models
M1
Object-oriented database implementing a
data specification shared by the community
© 2
014 A
irbus D
efe
nce a
nd S
pace –
All r
ights
reserv
ed. T
he r
epro
duction, dis
trib
ution a
nd u
tilization o
f th
is d
ocum
ent as w
ell a
s t
he c
om
munic
ation o
f its c
onte
nts
to o
thers
without expre
ss a
uth
ori
zation is
pro
hib
ited. O
ffenders
will be h
eld
lia
ble
for th
e p
aym
ent of dam
ages. A
ll r
ights
reserv
ed in
the e
vent of th
e g
rant of a p
ate
nt,
utility
model o
r desig
n.
MagSat dataset as a representative example derived from project
data
• Representative data, derived from
actual project
• Data subject to IPR issues left out
• System design close the
Preliminary Design Review,
extended at specific points for
demonstration purposes
• System called MagSat
• Scientific satellite, main goal
measurement of magnetic field
• 5.0 m x 1.4 m x 0.8 m (l x w x h)
• 600 kg wet mass
23
Structure
Electric Power Subsystem
Data Handling Subsystem
Telemetry, Tracking, and Telecommand Subsystem
Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem
Instruments
Hennig, et al., 2016. Ontology-Based Design of Space Systems.