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MARGNALNOTESINTRODUCTONTh sQ u a e n a y g e o og c a ma p p e
sen s t h e d s t b u o n and sequenceo f re c en a nd g a c a d ep
o ss in theMe opol i tan Torono andsuounding areas. The c o o u s a
n d p a e n s on the map depictthe type of sedimen on thegroundsu a
c e Th e profes provde theloca sequence ofse dme n a y l a ye s t h
e l e ge nd l ss al l of t h e d e po ss g e ne a y f o modes (a
thebotom) to younges (a thetop) Thelegend is oganzedbyorgin of d ep
os ( v e s lakes, andice some un s are theeore notlsed
chonologicaly andfootnotesprovdetme tems for thoseexceptonsBEDROCK
GEOLOGYThebedockconsss of shale , ine beddeddolomitc stsone
andminorlmesone whch weedeposed in shaow seas abou 450 million
yearsago. These beds, namedtheGeogan BayFormaon are approximaey250
m thick anddp to thesou heas a a b ou 5 m/km. Followng longpeods of
a d d o n a se d me n a o n a n d e o so n t he a n c i en La u e n
a nRve an d is t b u a e s c u several deep poorydened
bedockvaeystendng nohwessouheas across the area (see c o sssec o n
s Th eyhave an imporan inuenceon d thckness an d g rou n dw a e d s
b uton in theTorono are a.TOPOGRAPHYThe landcape of Torono andthe
su oundng territory feauestwog e n y so p n g su a c e sd vd e d b
y a p ro mi n en sh ore b u f o rme d b yg a c a La ke I o q uo s S
o u h of t h ssh o re b u t h e o l d l ak e b o t o m isa mo s l e
ve N o rh o f t h e I o q uo i sbu thesuace is a g e n y u n d u
atng till p l a n t h a g a d ua y rises t o wa d s t h e n o rh u
n l i t mee s t h eOakRdgesMoane Ths t plan incudes several o va h
l s o e n edsouheasnorhwes These dumlinsindcae tha gaca ice moved
ouoftheLakeOna o basntowadsthenorhwes Lakebotom sedmensd d n o t c
o ve these dumlinsbeowthe Ioquois buf in the souheasporon of the
are a.Dssecng these two sopngp ans are large r ve va e y sw h c h
in pamiror t h e p e g a c a rve va e y scu in thebedocksu ace
These largeva e y s ( o f t h e N u mb e D on a n d Ro u ge rve s w
e enottotaly formedby p e sen d a y rve d sch a g e Ma o re o so n
o c c u e d d u n g th e d a nage of series o f l a e g a c a
lakes.QUATERNARYGEOLOGYThe e a y su d e s an d forma s a graphy of
thegaca andrecendeposits in the Torono area are summazedby K a o w
[1969 The basicsequence o f d e po ss re p ese n n g t h e e ma n g
a c a a n d t h e e n o ng a c apeods was knownove 100yeas ago. The
Torono sequence is famousacro ss N o rh A me c a because of t he w
e p e se ved re c o d o f f o ss c hdeposs indcang boh wam-cl imae
andcool-cl imae condons Thewam-cl imae inegaca be ds (DonFormaon 5c
6c) indcaetempea e c m a e s u p t o 30 C (ave rage ) wame
thanpesen Thecool-climaei n a g a c a be ds ( S ca b o o ug h F o
rma o n 5 b 6b i n dc a e c o nd o n spossby 5 D C c o o e t h a n
p e se n D e a e d su d e s of these f o ss e o u sbe ds a nd a d a
c en g a c a d e p oss have reveaed an i n c a e s o r y of thee
ven sa n d c ma e so ve t h e past 200000yeas in theTorono area.
Thefollowng descrpton traces t h sh so ry se q ue n a l
yQUATERNARYHSTORYYork Tll: The o d es e x po sed g a c a d ep o ss
in the Torono area areknown as theYork Tll ( un 2 d see re e e n ce
se c o n se c o ns 1 and2I is a dense cayey to san d till tha has
incorporaed much of theundel y n g Ge o g a n B a y F o rma o n u p
on w h c h i t u su a y rests. Ths till iswdespead commony beng
found in excavaons in downown Torono.YorkT ll u n de e s t h e i n
e g a c a D on be ds andrepesens a g a c a o n(l inoisan Stage)
predang the othe tlls (Wsconsnan Stage) in theTorono regonabou200
000 ye ars ago ,DonFormaon Fol lowng thedeposon ofYork Tll, c ma e
sw p me ddamaca ly toabou 3n C w a me t h a n p e sen d ay c ma e
Th e w a mclimae fosss are conaned in detac deposs ofclay san d, an
d grave l( u n s 5c, 6c re p ese n n g t h e o d e s in a series of
lakes (Tabe 1) toa e c t the Torono area, Ths l a ke c a e d La k e
C o e ma n so o d 2 0m{ 65 f ee o mo e a b ove La k e O n a o (7 5
m, 2 4 6 f ee I sd e t a c deposs cove abou 65 km2 wth up to 10 m
of sedmen TheDon be dsare also commonyencouneed in
downownexcavaonsTABLE 1 SUMMARYOF LAKES IN THETORONTO AREALake
Lake O n a oAdmiratyLake IoquoisPeel po n dsT ho n c e lakeslow
lake stageLakeScabooughLake Co le man
Eevaon1m (eea.s.l.75 1246}-o130 (425)183+600+130+ (42B+)< 9
K255
1 22(40095 (310
Ageyea rs B. . 2pesen> 1 0 00012500- 1200013000-1250050 000
22 00075000~ 90000^ 125000
Deposs
Torono Isand bea c hesno deposssps sand, ssand, sThornci eFoma
onP o e y Ro ad FomaonScaboough FormaonDon Formaon
1. Al lake l evels (whee approprae are meaued approximaeyfom
therp o so n a t h e D o nValeyBckyad2. B .P. Beoep esen Exampesof
imporan foss remansincudeBackLocus (a t e e w h c hp rese n y g o
ws f a t o t h e so u h ofTorono} insecs bson and largef e sh w a e
c a ms w h c h are k e y i n d c a o s of these beds. Thewamcl
imaeDon beds lie beweenthe deposs oftwo ma o rg a c a e piso de
sand have been c o e a e d t o the Sangamonan Ineglacia, judged to
beode than125000yeas ;S carborough Formaon Anothe od
lakeLakeScabooughdeposedd e t a c sed men s( u n s 5 b 6b u p t o 5
0 m thick a an eevaon reachng47 m (154fee aboveLake O n a o . Th sh
g h lake leve was ceaedbyadvancng gaca ice bockng danage down theS
Lawence Rve Inc on a s t o the undeyng Don beds, theScaboough be ds
conanfosss ( p la n f a g me n s p o ll e n and she lls) t ha i nd
c a e c oo c m a e( bo e a c o nd o n s a b ou 5 C coolethanp esen
The se deposs coveabou195km 2 andthey are promineny
dsplayedaongtheScabooughb u s {see re e e nc e se c o n 3 H e e t h
e d e t a c de p oss c o nss o f alowec aymembe and an uppe san d
membe a s u a o n t h a leads toexcessive seepage ofgroundwae
andpiping a thesandcayboundayThe S c a bo o u gh F o rma o n a b ou
90 0 0 0 ye ars old repesenstheea esWsconsnan age deposs inthe
Torono are a.P o t e y Road F o rma o n Lak e levels in the Torono
are a fel to an unknown level (less t ha n 6 9 m 2 25 f e e
followng LakeScabooughRves fowng ino t h s l o w stage c u v a e y
s t ha w e e p a a l y f l e dwth san d an d gave These deposs (unt
12c are we exposed at theD on V a e y b c k y a d The P o t e y R
oa d F o rma o n is eay Wsconsnanin age, based on is c o re a o n
wth deposs a S P e e Q ue be c d a e dabou75000 yeas B. P
.Sunnybrook T As glacier ice reuned to theTorono area it moved outo
f t h e La k e O n a o basin incorporang preexisng deposs
especayLakeScabooughcaysThs ice thendeposed a c l ay c h till known
astheSunnybookTll (unt 2 c a b o u 7 0 0 0 0 y ea s B. P . Ths
close re a o nshpto theScaboough Formaon an d thewdespeadexten of
such aunform till sheet a o w s i t t o be an imporan make be d
thoughouthe are a.Thornciife F o rma o n F u c tu a n g l a ke be
ds c e a e d b y n e a b y o sc atons of t h e g a c e re su e d (
ma n y in thedeposon of lake deposs( u n s 5a, 6a s a ed san ds, s
t an d vavedcay IntheScabooughregon two tlls, theSemnay (unt 2b an
d theMeadowcl ie (unt 2a)i n e u p t ths complex lake sequence Fo
ssil remans f o m these depossi n d ca e c o ol -cl i ma e c o nd o
n ssm i a t o t h e S c a bo o u gh F o rma o nlake beds. Radocabon
dang howeve sho ws the Thornciife Fomaton to dae fom roughy22000to
50000 yeas B. P . (Mdde WsconsnanYoung Tl ls: Once again thegace s
reuned depos ng younge tlls(ae Wsconsnan tme in the Torono area.
Incuded in thsg oup (un3) are several t ls theexten of whch is
notknown in d e a . Ge n e a ydense sandy tlls (Leasde 3d
andWenworh, 3c u n de e thecayeys t t o siltytlls (Haton 3b an d W
i ld e d 3a) andt o ge h e c o ve mo so ft h e p e sen l a nd su a
c e Th ese tlls weedeposedbeween22000 and13 000 ye ars ago .E ske
rs a nd K a me sD u n g th s l a e s g a c a e p so de s t san d,
andgrave lwee deposed insubgacachannesand crevasses to form the
eske an dkamedeposs (unt 4) of theBamptoneske an d
theOakRdgesMoanenear MapeBoth of thesedeposs are o ve a n b y t h e
H a t on Tll ( 3 b o ft h sg a c a su bstage .Peel ponds Asthe last
ice sheeme edaway it pondedme waes thad a n e d t o wa d s t h e O
n a o b asn Th sc e a e d e x t en sve sh a o w lakesove large are
as of Peel and adacencounes The lake d ep o ss ( u n s7 an d B) 1
temedthe Peel p on ds c o nss o f a thin c o ve n g o f sand,.st
andminorclayAs waes fe to lowe levels, themao rve va e y s ofthe
Torono regonw e e e o d ed a n d l a e a t e a c e s (unt 12 1 weeg
aded to these levels,includng thoseofgaca LakeIoquoisLake Ioquois
Lakelevels sa b z e d w h e t h e w a e in t h e On a o basindaned
via theHudsonRve at Rome NewYork Thssabe stage formed theprominen
sh o e n e f e a u e s of g a c a Lak e Ioquois beween12 500and 12
000yeas B. P . Weswadmovng lake c u e n s bult sandyp e bb y sp s o
islands (unt 1 1 w h c h are sm i a t o t he p e se n ToronoI san d
A w e ma k e d sh o e n e i n c l u dn g b u s u p t o 15 m hgh
wasesabshed acro ss t h e c e n e o f t h eCty of Torono, souh of
St. CaAvenue In Torono, theeevaons for t h ssh o e n e range fom 53
m(174fee in the east, to 61 m (200fee in thewes abo ve LakeOnao.Ths
is dueto wapingof thelandsuace followng glaciaon AddtonaLake
Ioquoisdeposs incudea ge n e ral c o ve n g o f san d (unt 10)
beowt h e sho e n e t o a s ty botom cove (unt 9) in theeasenexten
of thelake planRecen deposs Due t o e x e n sve va e y e o so n d u
n g l a e g a c a an drecentmes mo de n rve deposs (unt 13) are sp
e ad o ve ve y wdefoodplans of t h e mo de n rve s S ed me n su p
pl y to LakeOna o bythese rves andby buf e o so n a t h e S ca b o
o u gh b u s has formeds p s c e a n g t he p e s en Torono Isand
Consdeabe fll (un 15)has been addedto the isand an d w a e o n
snceabou1910especayfor such newproecs as Ha b ou o n AshbdgesBay an
d B u e sPak D ue to the s cale and availability o themappngall o
these d ep os i ts maynot be shown
F ee Me e sas
6
500
400
R F R N S
Anevs E.1928 The Las Gaciaon wth Speca Reeence to the Ice SheeR
e e a in N o h e ase n N orh A me c a Amecan GeogaphcaSocey
Research Series 17 292 p.B d S. J. G. andAms ong,J. L.1970
Scaboough Bu s Recessional Sudy Poceedngs 13hConeenceGea Lake s Re
se arch, p. 187197Caey J. F.1940 Paeozoc Geoogy oftheTorono-Hamil
ton Aea Ona o; Ge o
logcaSuveyofCanada Memoi 224284 p.Chapman L. J. andPunam D.
F.1966 Th e P h yso g a ph y o f S o u he n O n a o ; U n ve sy of
ToronoPress, 386 p.Chuche C. S . an d K a o w P. F.1963 Mammas of
Lake Ioquos Age Canadan Jo u n a o f Z o ol o gyVolume41 Numbe 2,
p. 1531581977 Lae PesoceneMuskox (Obos fom t h e E a y W sc on sn
aS c a bo o u gh B u s O n a o , Can ada; Canadan Jo u n a of E a
hSciences, Voume 14, p. 326331C a k L J.1891 Th e F o rma o n of
Torono Isand Canadan I n su e Ta n scrp tVolume 1, p. 3 7 3 8 2 3
924 6Coeman A P1894 I n e g a c a Fossils f o m the Don Vaey
Torono; AmecanGeoogs Volume13 p. 85951895 Ga c a an d I n e g a c a
D e p oss n e ar Torono; Jouna of GeoogyVolume 3, p. 6226451913
Geoogy of the Torono Regon p. 5181 in Th e Na u a H so
ryoftheTorono RegonOna o, Can ada, Ededby J. H. Fau Briggs,419
p.1933 ThePes ocene of the Torono Regon O n a o D e pa me n o
fMines Annua Repo 1932Volume41 Part 7, p. 1 -55.1937 Lake Ioquois
Ona o Depa men of Mnes Annua Repor
1936 Voume45 Pa 7 p. 1 -36,1941 TheLas Mllion y e a sU n ve sy
ofTorono Press, 216 p.C u d a K a n d Q u g ey R. M.1973 C a c k ng
o f a Concee Tunne in the MeaodDundasFormaonMississauga, O n a o ;
Re se arch R ep o S M 3 73 F ac u y o f Engneeng Scence U n ve sy o
f Wesen O n a o , 14 p.D e ma n sA1961 T l so f S o u he n O n a o
; p. 8096 in Sosof CanadaEdedbyR. F. Le gg e 2 4 0p.Demans A an d
Teasmae J.195 8 S a g rap h y o f W sco n sn Gac a D ep o ssof
Torono A e a O n aio; Poceedngs of theGeoogcaAssoca on of Canada
Voume10, p. 119136Feming, Sanord1853 Torono Habou ts Formaon an d
Pesevaon CanadanJouna Voume 2, p. 105107(Decembe1853 an d p.
223230(Aprl 1854Feeman E . B.1976 Torono's Geoogca Past n Inoducton
O n a o D vso n ofMnesMsceaneousPubicaon1978 Ge o og y o f t h e Ge
a e To ro n o R eg o n p. 8492 in Torono '78FedT psGudebook
GeoogcaAssocaonof Can ada, Geoogcal S o c e y o f A me c a A n n u
a Mee n g E d e d b y A L C u e a ndW. O. Mackasey 361 p.Fcsbegs Ka
S.1970 E o so n C o n o l in theTorono Aea Poceedngsof the13h
ConeenceGea Lake s Re se arch, p. 751755Gorel , H A1952
TheDundas Formaon as Exposed in theExcavaons for theTorono Tanspora
onCommssonSubwaysP oceedngsoftheGeoogcaAssocaon of Can ada, Volume
5, p. 8393H e w t D. F.1969a I n du s a Mn e a Resources of
theMakham-Newmake area;O n a o De p a me n o f Mn e s I n du s a Mn
e a R e p o 2 4 41 p.1969b n d us a Mn e a Resources o t h e B a
mpt o n A e a O n a o Dep a me n o f Mn e s I n d us a Mn e a R e p
o 2 3 2 2 p.Hew D. F. and Yundt, S. E.1 9 71 M ne a Resources
oftheTorono-cenedRegon Ona o Depa
me n o f Mn es I n du s a Mn e a R e p o 3 8 3 4 p.Hnd H. Y1853
Noes on theGeoogyof Torono; CanadanJouna, Voume 1,p. 147151Hnde G.
J.187 7 Ga c a an d I n e g a c a S aa o f S c a b o o s Heghs an d
otheLo ca e s n e ar Torono, Ona o; CanadanJouna, New Series,Volume
15, p. 388413.K a o w P. F. 11967 P e so ce n e Ge o og y o f t h e
S c a bo o u gh A e a O n a o D ep ame n o f Mnes Ge o og c a R e p
o 4 6 10 8p.1969 S a g rap h c S u d e s in the Torono Pesocene
Poceedngsof
theGeoogca Assoca ono Can ada, Voume 20 p. 416K a o w P. F.1970
PesoceneGeoogy of the Thornhill area. Torono; O n a o Dep a me n o
f Mines, I n du s a Mn e a R e p o 32 51 p.1974 Tll S a g rap h y
in Part s o f S o u h we se n O n a o ; Geo o g c a
S o c e y o f A me c a B u l e n V o lu me 8 5 p. 761768K a o w
P. F C a ke A H a nd H e n g to n H B.1972 Pesocenemo uscs fom Lake
Ioquos Deposs in O n a o;CanadanJounaof Eah Sciences, Volume9 p.
589-595K a o w P. F. andMoganA V1975 Q u a e n a y S a g rap h yof
the Torono area; Wa e oo ' 7 5 F e dTps Gudebook Geoogca Assoca
onof Canad a, 330 p.K a o w P, F Ha s on W. , an d SaundesonH
C*1977 RewokedMddeWsconsnan(?) Pan Fossils fom theBamptonE ske r, S
o u he n O n a o ; Ca n ad a n Jo u n a o f E a h Sciences,
Voume14 p. 426430Laa E. Z1966 P e so ce n e S e d me n so f t h
e B o o rD a n orh S ub wa y S e c o nTorono, Canada Ph, D. thess
Unves yofTorono, 109p.1 96 7 O g n o f some Vaves in Torono,
CanadaCanadanJouna ofEah Sciences, Volume4 p. 633-6391969 S a g rap
h y o t h e U n ve sy S u bw a y Torono, Canada Proc e ed n gs o t
h e Geo o g c a A sso c a o n o f Can ada, V o u me 2 0p. 1723Lews
C. F. M. andSy P. G.1971 S e smc Pofing an d Geoogy of the To ro n
o W a e o n Aea ofLake O n a o ; P o c ee d ng so f t h e 14 h C on
e e n c e Ge a La ke sRe se arch, p. 303354Lb e y B. A1964 U pp e O
d ovc a n S a g ra p hy o f t he To ro n o A e a Gu d eb oo k
Geoogy o Ce'ntral O n a o ; AmecanAssoca on o PeoeumGeoogss p.
4353Parks, W. A1925 The S a g rap h y an d C or e a o n o f the
Dundas FormaonO n a o D ep a me n o Mn es A n nu a R ep o 1923 V o
u me3 2 P a 7, p. 89116Puen M. J.1966 ThePe soceneGeoogy of Torono
as Seen f o m t h e B o oDanorh SubwayCu M. A Se. Thesis, U n ve sy
of Torono,55 p.Qugey R. M., M a c h M A J. Hovah R. G an d HawsonH
H1971 S we n g Clays in Two S o pe F a u e s at Torono;
CanadanGeotechnca Jouna Voume 8, p. 417424Robnsky E. l. and Moron
J. D.1973 Foundaon Invesga on for CN Towe Torono; 26h
CanadanGeoechnca ConeenceCanadanGeoechncaSocey Torono,p. 237245R og
e s D P., Osty R C and K a o w P. F.1961 BedockConous, Metropol i
tan Toronto, Ona o Depamen of
Mnes Map P. 1 0 2 S a e 1:12 000Sbu U., Wang, K T , an d V a l e
y D1977 Go u nd w a e Resources o f t h e D u n s C e ek Rouge
RveDanage Basin s; Wae Resources Repo 8, M n s y o f t he En
vo n me n 10 9pSupavsky M Gaveno C. P., andSymonsD T A1974 P a
eo mag ne sm a nd Ma g ne c F a b c o f t h e Le aside an d
Sunnybook Tlls near Torono, O n a o ; Ge o o g ca S o c e y o f A
mecan Bulen Volume85 p. 1233-1236"97 9 P a eo mag n e c S a g rap h
y o f t h e Me a do w c e Tll, Scaboo ug h b u s O n a o : A late
PesoceneExcuson?GeophyscaResearch Le e s V ol u me 6, Numbe 4 p.
269272Tayor G.1936 Topographc Conol in theTorono Regon
CanadanJounaof Economcs an d Pol ica Scence Volume 2. Numbe 4, p.
119Te rasmae , J.1960 A P a y n o og c a S u d y o f P e so c e ne
I n e g a c a Be ds at Torono,O n a o ; GeoogcaSuvey of Can ada, B
u l e n 5 6 p. 2440Thomas R. L K em p A L. W. , an d Lews C. F. M.1
97 2 D s t b u o n C om po s o n a nd C h a ac e s c s o t he S u c
iaSedmens o Lake O n a o ; Jo u n a o S e dme n a y P e o o g
yVoume42 Numbe 1, p. 6684To w W. an d Badsock J.1972 Insumened
Foundaons for Two 4 3 -so ry B u d n g so n Tll,Meopol ian Torono;
Canadan Geoechnca Jouna, Volume9, p. 290303W an A K1954 C o re a o
n o f thePesoceneGeoogy as Seen in theSubwaywthThaof theTorono
Regon CanadaPoceedngsot theGeoogcaAssocaono Can ada, Voume 6 p.
69811957 Pesocene"^eoogy an d Goundwae Resources oftheTownshpof N o
rh Y o rk O n a o D e pa me n of Mnes Annua Repo1955 Volume 64 Part
7, 64 p.1968 PesoceneGeoogy and Goundwae Resources, Townshp ofE o b
c ok e O n a o D e p a me n o f Mn es Ge o og c a R e po 5 9
50 p.Whie O. L.1975 Q u a e n a y Ge o og y o t h e B ol t on A
e a S ou h e n O n a o ; O n aio D vso n o f Mines, Geoogca Repo
117119 p.
Whe O. L. an d K a o w P. F.1971 NewEvdence for Spences Lauenan
Rve Poceedngs of the14hConeence Gea Lake s Re se arch, p.
394400'Containsad d i tional ea e re ferences .
-STOUFFVILLE3
TOWN [ OF RICHMOND
JpWN OF VAUGHANorrville
ff*A J
,, BOROUGH OlNORTH YORKO A \ V
CARBOROUGH
j 5 / i* Vs T IT *P r LakeOnaro7 5me e sa sBOROUGH OF
ETOBfCCKF
ROUGH OF YORK
PURPOSE OFTHEMAPQuaenay geo l ogy invo l ves the events and
deposits of glacial andrecen times: el ements tha have s hap ed the
l andscape and s oi l strataof the Torono region. The purpose of th
is map then is to summarizee x s n g inormaon concerning the
Quaenay and bedock geologyof th is reg ion. Th is map s erves as an
inroductonto furher geologicaland geo technical s tud i es in the
Torono area. Therefore,the expectedus ers incl ude the general
pubc, students, and earth - science pro fess ionals . Ths is pa of
a series of pubc a on s tha wll ou ine theurban geology, incudng
eng ineering as p ects , of theTorono area.Th is pubicaon is
composed of s everal el ements. The geological maps cale 1:100000
is s uppe m en e d by n or hs ouh and west- east cros s -sections s
cale 1:25000 dawn al ong the subway rou tes. The detaled geology o
f wesud ed l ocations is presented as reference sections. More
specific inormaon is a v a a be from the indvidua map ss ee index
map) and theb biographyakeOnaro
75meies .s .
Feet Metresa.s. l .
Feet Metresa.s. l .
SunnybookTSu nybmokDSunnybookT
1 DonValeyB ckyard 2 WoodbdgeRawayCuREFERENCE SECTIONS
1-3)
Mn stry of H o n J a m e s A c. A u l dMinisterNatural ^ ,,,
DDr. J. K. ReynoldsDeputy MinisterOntar io
ONTARO GEOLOGICAL SURVEYPRELMNARYMAPP. 2204
GEOLOGICAL SERES
QUATERNARY GEOLOGYTORONTOANDS URROUN D IN G A RE ASOUTHERN
ONTARIO
Scale: 1100000Mes 1 0 1
l iK o me e s 1 0 2
34es4 6 K o me e s
2005 km
3 Stratigraphy o t he Scarborough Bu sHor izontalscale is
1:24,000. Ver ti cal exaggeration is x 8.
INDEXMAPThe followng references were the source o mo st o t
hesurface geology. The areas of these maps are shown on
theindexnap. They are at a large r scale and wl ge n e ral ly prov
ide the user wh mo re deaed i n o ima o n f o rp a c u aareas. Al
ha ve been pubshed by t h e O n a o D e p a me n(or D v s on o
Mines.
1. Co le man ( 193 3 The Pleistocene o t he Torono RegonODM Map
41g. S cale 1633602. H ew ( 19 69 a I nd us a m n e as o the
Makhan
Newmake area; ODM Map 2124Scale 1633603. Hew (1969b Industrial
mnea resources o th eBampon area; ODM Map 2176Scale 1:63360
4. Kaow(1965 Pleistocene geology o f t h e Scaboough drea;
ODMMaps 2076 and 2077Scale 1:31 6805. Kaow(1970 Pleistocene g eo o
gy o f t h e Th orn h larea; O DM P e mn a y Map P. 244Scale
1250006. Wa (1957 Pleistocene geology of theTownshp of
Noh York ODM Map 19556 Scale1 : 31 680 .7. Watt (1968
Pleistocene geoogyo EobcokeODMMap 2111. Scale 1 : 31 6808. W h e (
19 73 Q ua e n a y geology o B o o n OD MMap 2275 Scale 163360Note;
Thsindexincudesony themosreceny pubshedmap for an a rea .
Feet Metresa.s. l .
Metres Feeta.s. l .
- 200 Oy 200 2001600
500
400-
300-.
200
150-fr
100
50^
600
500
400
-300
-200
o km 14 kmSECTION N-S
(YongeSree subway)Horzona s cale is 1:25000 Ve ca exaggeaon is x
10.
NTS References: 30M11 12E, 13E, 14OMNROGS 1980
NOZOIQU TERN RYRECENT
LEGEND
Ontario Geological S u rMINES L I B R A R YM U L 12 1 9 9 0RE
EIVERECENTDEPOSn **c
15 Manmade deposits: fill.14 Lake O n a o beach and nearshore
deposs sand .
13 Modern ri ve r deposi ts:sand, s m no gravel and
ICEAGEDEPOSTS:- V^i-vV'' Older river deposits 3 : sand, grave in
terrace remnants.
GLACAL LAKEDEPOSTS11 Lake Iroquo is*3 beach or ba deposits:
gravel sand .10 Lake Iroquo is, shal l ow-wate r deposits: sand, si
ty
Lake Iroquois, deeper-water deposits: s clay.8 Peel ponds; shal
l ow-wate r deposi ts: san d .
Pee l ponds deepe wae deposits: s clay.Ode lakesc; shalowwae
deposits; sand(Fomaons 6a, Thornci e 6bScaboough6cDonOlder lakes;
deeper-water deposits: s clay.(Formaons 5a, Thornci i fe 5b
Scaborough 5c, Don.GLACAL ICE DEPOSTSIce-contact deposits: sand,
gravel , sit n esker s andmoanc r id ges.Young tills b: clayeys t [
W i d e d 3a; Haon 3b)andsandys ( W en w o h 3 c Leaside, 3d
2 Ode tills0 : siltycay to silt tilt (Meadowclif fe,2a;Seminary,
2b; S unnybrook, 2ct to cayey sand till(York2dPALEOZOC
ORDOVCAN BEDROCKShae ine beddedsiltstone and minor limestone(Ge
o rgian Bay Fomaon
Notes:a. Mutple age; 1 2a, deposited at leve ls lowe than Lake
Ioquois; i2b.Potey Road Formaon 12c, peW sconsnan?b. Lae
Wisconsinan.c. Mdde Wisconsinan and older.
SYMBOLSGeo l og icalboundayapproximaeGeo l og
icalboundayassumed.LakeIoquois shorel ine.
Dumlin [ineindcaesdrectonof ice movemenSma bedockoucrop.Locaon
of cros s -section
200-
O ir^ ov Lake Ioquois bufllliiiH ^
CROSSSECTONS AND REFERENCESECTONSInorde to expandthe genera l i
n o r ma o n i l u s a e d on theQuaenay map two types ofprofes
have been added to them ap F s geneazed cross- sections l ocated al
ong the exisngsubway roues show the depth and va a on o f the
sedmensto bedock Section WE he B o or S e e s u bway l n e i l u s
a e sthethcke moe complex sedmenslocaed in Scarboroughr e a ve to
the thn deposits in Eobcoke Se c on NS theY onge S e e subway l
ine, shows thick sedmen p a e n s n o r hof the Lake Ioquois shorel
ine and thinne deposits on thelakeplan to the souhSecond, th ree
reference sections are incl uded as exampl es of thed e a e d g eo
o g ca in o r ma o n t h a p o vde s t h e basis for extendngthe
Qua e n a y s a g r a ph y in the Torono area. Theforma Quaenay s a
g a ph c names have been added to thes esecons for theineesed
reader.Thereeence s ections are mo d e d from: 1. Teasmae 196U2. Ka
ow and Morgan 1975 3. K a o w 1967 The subwayprofes wee suppledby
J. Wong of the Torono Tansit Commission wth addtona daa fo m Wa
1954 1957 and 1968.
SOURCESOF INFORMATIONGeoogycompied (1980 fom pubshed maps (see
index mapAddtona daawee made avaabebythefollowng:H. Q Golde
Associates LdMe opolitan Torono WoksDepamenTorono Tansit CommissonM
n s t y of Tansporaon and Communcaons Ona o)Ontario Hydo
Cty of Torono Pubc Wok s DepamenMetropolitanToron o and Reg ion
Consevaon AuthortyCty o Torono P l anning BoardJohn Wesgae
unpubsheddataD a n g by D C. Roumbans and Lo r a ne F a e l .Desgn
by D. R. ShapeandRamonds BagavsBase-map supped by the Pubc Works
Depa men Cty ofTorono.Metrc Conversion Factor foot = 03048 mThsmap
is pubshed wth thepemsson of E. G. Pye, DrectorOnao
GeoogcaSuveyIssued 1980In o rma o n fo m t h s p u b i c a o n ma y
be quotedif cred isg ve n I is recommendedtharee enceto thsmap be
madeinthefollowng form:Sharpe, D. R.1980 Quae nay Geology of Torono
and SuoundngAeaO.ntario Geo l og ical Suvey Pe m in a y Map P.
2204Geo l og ical Series. Scal e 1:100000 Compied 1980
Metres Feea.s.l.
-600
. 5 0 0
--400
--300
--200
O kmSECTION W-E
{Boor S e e s u bwa y )Hozona sca le is 1 :25,000 . V e c a
exaggeration is x 10.
Reprinted 199
