ONLINE COURSE, PART I : AN INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION
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DESCRIPTION
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them!
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them!
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them! Back
Protons : Electrical charge : + 1 Interacts with other charged
particles Mass : 1.6726 10 -27 kg ~ 1 unit of mass u About the same
mass as a neutron Size : 10 -15 meters 100 000 times smaller than
the atom! + + + + + + - -
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them! Back
Neutrons : Electrical charge : 0 Does not interacts with other
charged particles Mass : 1.6726 10 -27 kg ~ 1 unit of mass u About
the same mass as a proton Size : 10 -15 meters 100 000 times
smaller than the atom!
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them! Back
Electrons : Electrical charge : - 1 Interacts with other charged
particles Mass : 9.1 x 10 -31 kg 2000 times less massive than
protons and neutrons Size : 10 -18 meters 1000 times smaller than
protons and neutrons + + - - - - - -
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ATOMS protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nucleus All matter is
made up of atoms. The different elements are simply made up of
atoms with different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Click on the different particles to learn more about them! Back
Nucleus : Electrical charge : Z (Atomic Number, number of protons)
Mass : A (Mass Number, number of protons and neutrons) Size : 10
-14 meters 10 000 times smaller than the atom!
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RADIOACTIVITY Unstable Atom Stable! Radiation Nuclear Forces
keep the nucleus together. Weak nuclear forces unstable nucleus,
needs to release energy Radiation anything emitted from an unstable
nucleus Unstable atoms are called a radioactive atom, a
radioisotope, or a radionuclide... Radioactive atom, radioisotope,
radionuclide
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RADIOACTIVITY Unstable Atom Stable! Radiation Nuclear Forces
keep the nucleus together. Weak nuclear forces unstable nucleus,
needs to release energy Radiation anything emitted from an unstable
nucleus Unstable atoms are called a radioactive atom, a
radioisotope, or a radionuclide... Radioactive atom, radioisotope,
radionuclide
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Radiation Unstable Atom Stable! Nuclear Forces keep the nucleus
together. Weak nuclear forces unstable nucleus, needs to release
energy Radiation anything emitted from an unstable nucleus Unstable
atoms are called a radioactive atom, a radioisotope, or a
radionuclide Nuclear force: makes nucleons (protons and neutrons)
attract Only acts on a very short scale, but powerful on that scale
Large nuclei or nuclei with too few neutrons: electromagnetic force
greater than the nuclear force, and the nucleus is unstable Nuclear
force: makes nucleons (protons and neutrons) attract Only acts on a
very short scale, but powerful on that scale Large nuclei or nuclei
with too few neutrons: electromagnetic force greater than the
nuclear force, and the nucleus is unstable Close RADIOACTIVITY
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TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY A radioactive decay is a process in
which the unstable nucleus releases energy. There are several types
of radioactive decays. Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha
Decay Gamma Decay Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive
Decay
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TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY A radioactive decay is a process in
which the unstable nucleus releases energy. There are several types
of radioactive decays. Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha
Decay Gamma Decay Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive
Decay
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TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY A radioactive decay is a process in
which the unstable nucleus releases energy. There are several types
of radioactive decays. Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha
Decay Gamma Decay Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay
Alpha Decays : 2 protons and 2 neutrons They are heavy and doubly
charged They interact strongly with other charged particles A sheet
of paper can stop them If they are ingested, inhaled or absorbed by
the skin, they can be very damaging Alpha decays only occur in
elements heavier than lead (Z > 82) Back Examples of alpha
decays
Uranium-238 4.18 MeV Alpha Thorium-234 Radon-222Radium-226 4.77
MeV Alpha + + This is the isotope of Uranium which contains 238
nucleons (protons and neutrons) Uranium has 92 protons, but can
have between 140 and 146 neutrons Atoms with different numbers of
neutrons are called isotopes Uranium-238 has 92 protons and 146
neutrons, for a total of 238 nucleons. This is the isotope of
Uranium which contains 238 nucleons (protons and neutrons) Uranium
has 92 protons, but can have between 140 and 146 neutrons Atoms
with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes Uranium-238
has 92 protons and 146 neutrons, for a total of 238 nucleons....
Close EXAMPLES OF ALPHA DECAY
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Uranium-238 4.18 MeV Alpha Thorium-234 Radon-222Radium-226 4.77
MeV Alpha + +... This is the kinetic energy, or energy of motion,
of the alpha particle. It is indicative of how much energy this
particle can deposit in matter. 1 MeV = 1 000 000 eV 1 eV = 1.6 x
10 -19 J This is the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, of the
alpha particle. It is indicative of how much energy this particle
can deposit in matter. 1 MeV = 1 000 000 eV 1 eV = 1.6 x 10 -19 J
Close EXAMPLES OF ALPHA DECAY
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Beta Decays: Small, charged particles emitted from the
nucleus Negative beta : electron Positive beta : positron They
interact electrically with other charged particles A layer of
plastic or aluminum can stop beta particles Beta radiation occurs
when a nucleus changes a neutron into a proton or a proton into a
neutron Positive Beta Decay ( + decay) : Negative Beta Decay ( -
decay) : p+p+ p+p+ n0n0 n0n0 + - p+p+ n0n0 + - Proton Neutron
Electron Positron Examples of Beta Decay Back
A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Gamma decay: Energetic photon liberated from a nucleus No
mass or charge, so dont change the nature of the nuclei they are
emitted from Typically follow alpha or beta decays Electrically
neutral, dont interact as readily with matter Only slowed down or
stopped in direct collisions with electrons Thick layers of lead
are required to reduce their intensity Example of gamma decays...
Back
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Gamma decay: Energetic photon liberated from a nucleus No
mass or charge, so dont change the nature of the nuclei they are
emitted from Typically follow alpha or beta decays Electrically
neutral, dont interact as readily with matter Only slowed down or
stopped in direct collisions with electrons Thick layers of lead
are required to reduce their intensity Example of gamma decays...
Back
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Example of gamma decays Gamma decay: Energetic photon
liberated from a nucleus No mass or charge, so dont change the
nature of the nuclei they are emitted from Typically follow alpha
or beta decays Electrically neutral, dont interact as readily with
matter Only slowed down or stopped in direct collisions with
electrons Thick layers of lead are required to reduce their
intensity A photon is an electromagnetic wave A photon is an
electromagnetic wave It has a frequency and a wavelength, which
dictate its characteristics It has a frequency and a wavelength,
which dictate its characteristics Visible light is photons with a
certain range of wavelengths Visible light is photons with a
certain range of wavelengths Less energetic photons (longer
wavelengths) compose radio frequencies, microwaves and infrared
light Less energetic photons (longer wavelengths) compose radio
frequencies, microwaves and infrared light Higher energy photons
comprise UV light, X- rays, and gamma rays. Higher energy photons
comprise UV light, X- rays, and gamma rays. Close Back
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Neon-22* Sodium-22 Beta particle Gamma ray Neon-22 Unstable
Stable! EXAMPLE OF GAMMA DECAY
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Neutron radiation : Neutrons are not emitted on their own
from an unstable nucleus During nuclear fission, several neutrons
can be ejected They only interact with particles through direct
collisions They deposit a lot of energy in collisions with single
protons There are many single protons in water (hydrogen) The
tissue in our body is made of 60% water Neutrons therefore deposit
a lot of energy in our body Good shields : Thick layers of water,
preferably heavy water Other materials heavy in hydrogen (e.g.
concrete, paraffin) Example of neutron radiation Back...
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Neutron radiation : Neutrons are not emitted on their own
from an unstable nucleus During nuclear fission, several neutrons
can be ejected They only interact with particles through direct
collisions They deposit a lot of energy in collisions with single
protons There are many single protons in water (hydrogen) The
tissue in our body is made of 60% water Neutrons therefore deposit
a lot of energy in our body Good shields : Thick layers of water,
preferably heavy water Other materials heavy in hydrogen (e.g.
concrete, paraffin) Example of neutron radiation Back...
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A radioactive decay is a process in which the unstable nucleus
releases energy. There are several types of radioactive decays.
Click on each to lean more about them! Alpha Decay Gamma Decay
Neutron Radiation Beta Decay Radioactive Decay TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE
DECAY Neutron radiation : Neutrons are not emitted on their own
from an unstable nucleus During nuclear fission, several neutrons
can be ejected They only interact with particles through direct
collisions They deposit a lot of energy in collisions with single
protons There are many single protons in water (hydrogen) The
tissue in our body is made of 60% water Neutrons therefore deposit
a lot of energy in our body Good shields : Thick layers of water,
preferably heavy water Other materials heavy in hydrogen (e.g.
concrete, paraffin) Example of neutron radiation Back Heavy water
is water in which the hydrogen atoms are made up of a proton and a
neutron, instead of simply a proton. This hydrogen isotope is
called deuterium. Heavy water is used in CANDU reactors. Close
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Fission fragment Photon Neutron EXAMPLE OF NEUTRON
RADIATION
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Radiation with enough energy can knock electrons out of their
orbits Alpha and beta particles strip electrons from their orbit
through electric interactions Photons can give all or a fraction of
their energy to electrons, liberating them from their orbit Both
types of interactions result in a positive and negative piece of
atom : ions Neutral Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Replay!
IONIZATION
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Neutral Atom Negative Ion Positive Ion Radiation with enough
energy can knock electrons out of their orbits Alpha and beta
particles strip electrons from their orbit through electric
interactions Photons can give all or a fraction of their energy to
electrons, liberating them from their orbit Both types of
interactions result in a positive and negative piece of atom : ions
IONIZATION
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IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Ionizing Radiation :
radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are
always ionizing Ions travelling through your body can break DNA and
cells Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.
Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create
ions Will not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not
lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. Radio waves
MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad.... Click
on the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more!
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IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Ionizing Radiation :
radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are
always ionizing Ions travelling through your body can break DNA and
cells Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.
Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create
ions Will not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not
lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. Radio waves
MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad.... Click
on the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more!
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Radio waves MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing
Rad. Click on the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more!
Ionizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta,
gamma and X-rays are always ionizing Ions travelling through your
body can break DNA and cells Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can
lead to cancer. Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic
enough to create ions Will not produce breaks in your cells and
DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure.
X-rays are photons Very energetic Produced when electrons lose
energy, e.g. when electrons interact with matter, notably with
other electrons. Close IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION
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Click on the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more!
IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Ionizing Radiation : radiation
which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always
ionizing Ions travelling through your body can break DNA and cells
Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer. Non-ionizing
radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ions Will not
produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to
cancers related to radiation exposure. Radio waves
MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad. Microwaves
: Less energetic than visible light Optimal wavelength (size) to
transfer energy to water Analogous to pushing a kid on a swing If
you are not at the right place, you are wasting a lot of energy
Placing yourself at the end of the natural motion of the swing will
allow for a maximal push Back O HH
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Ionizing Radiation : radiation which can create ions Alpha,
beta, gamma and X-rays are always ionizing Ions travelling through
your body can break DNA and cells Poor repairs of the DNA and cells
can lead to cancer. Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic
enough to create ions Will not produce breaks in your cells and
DNA, and should not lead to cancers related to radiation exposure.
IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Radio waves MicrowavesVisible
Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad. Radio waves
MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad. Click on
the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more! Radiowaves :
Radiofrequencies are not ionizing They therefore do not break DNA
strands and cells in our bodies Regardless, many research projects
have investigated if there is a link between cell phone use and
brain cancer. So far, the results have NOT shown a link For more
information on these topics, consult the following pages : Health
Canada :
www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/prod/cell-eng.phpwww.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/prod/cell-eng.php
World Health Organization :
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs193/en/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs193/en/
Back
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Radio waves Click on the types of non- ionizing radiation to
learn more! IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Ionizing Radiation
: radiation which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are
always ionizing Ions travelling through your body can break DNA and
cells Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer.
Non-ionizing radiation : photons not energetic enough to create
ions Will not produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not
lead to cancers related to radiation exposure. MicrowavesVisible
Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad. Visible Light : Did you know
your eyes are sensitive to as few as 5 to 9 photons? Heres some
literature if you are interested :
http://www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Quantum/see_a_photon.html
Back
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Radio waves MicrowavesVisible Light Infrared light Non-Ionizing
Rad. Click on the types of non- ionizing radiation to learn more!
IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Ionizing Radiation : radiation
which can create ions Alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays are always
ionizing Ions travelling through your body can break DNA and cells
Poor repairs of the DNA and cells can lead to cancer. Non-ionizing
radiation : photons not energetic enough to create ions Will not
produce breaks in your cells and DNA, and should not lead to
cancers related to radiation exposure. MicrowavesVisible Light
Infrared light Non-Ionizing Rad. Infrared Light: Our eyes cannot
see infrared photons, but our body can still sense them Infrared
light is essentially heat Slightly less energetic than red light
Reason why oven elements glow red Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
Electromagnetic Spectrum Energy Increasing Back
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SUMMARY The atom is made up of a small nucleus at its centre,
with electrons orbiting around it. The nucleus, in turn, is made up
of protons and neutrons. An unstable nucleus will try to become
stable by undergoing radioactive decay. During this process,
different types of particles can be emitted: alpha, beta or gamma.
During fission, neutrons can also be emitted X-rays are not
produced by unstable particles, but by electrons losing energy.
Ionization is the process of creating ions, in other words breaking
up an electrically neutral atom or molecule into a positive
component and a negative one. Alpha, beta, gamma and X-ray
radiation are always ionizing. Examples of non- ionizing radiation
are radiowaves, microwaves, visible light, and infrared light.
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QUIZ 1. All types of radiation are dangerous and exposure to
them can lead to cancer. True False
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QUIZ 1. All types of radiation are dangerous and exposure to
them can lead to cancer. True False
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1. All types of radiation are dangerous and exposure to them
can lead to cancer. True False Wrong. The minimum energy required
for ionization is 34 eV. Any radiation from photons with energies
below that cannot ionize matter, therefore cannot break atoms in
your body, kill cells, or induce mutations. Examples of radiation
which do not cause damage are visible light, infrared light,
microwaves and radiofrequencies. Try again! QUIZ
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1. All types of radiation are dangerous and exposure to them
can lead to cancer. True False Good ! The minimum energy required
for ionization is 34 eV. Any radiation from photons with energies
below that cannot ionize matter, therefore cannot break atoms in
your body, kill cells, or induce mutations. Examples of unharmful
radiation are visible light, infrared light, microwaves and
radiofrequencies. Continue QUIZ
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2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also known as
photons Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons
QUIZ
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2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also known as
photons Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons
QUIZ
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2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also known as
photons Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons
Wrong. Gamma rays are photon. Beta particles arent. Try again!
QUIZ
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2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also known as
photons Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons
Wrong. Those are alpha particles. QUIZ Try again!
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2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also known as
photons Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons Good
! Remember, electrons have a negative charge, and positrons are the
electrons anti- particle. In other words, they have the same mass
and size than electrons, but they have an opposite charge. They are
positive. Continue QUIZ
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Made up of two protons and two neutrons, in other words the
nucleus of Helium 2. Beta particles are : Bundles of energy, also
known as photons Small, charged particles. Examples are electrons
and positrons. Neutral hadrons, the most common being neutrons
Wrong. QUIZ Try again!
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3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above
QUIZ
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3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above
QUIZ
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3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above QUIZ
Youre right, but its not the complete answer... Ill give you
another chance! Try again!
Slide 53
3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above QUIZ
Youre right, but its not the complete answer... Ill give you
another chance! Try again!
Slide 54
3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above QUIZ
Youre right, but its not the complete answer... Ill give you
another chance! Try again!
Slide 55
3. Ionization : Can be produced by alpha and beta particles
Results in two ions, ions being charged particles or molecules Is
not produced by visible light and microwaves All of the above QUIZ
Good ! Ionization is the process of creating ions. Alpha and beta
particles are always ionizing. Photons, on the other hand, have to
be energetic enough to knock electrons out of orbit in order to be
ionizing. Gamma Rays and X-Rays are ionizing, but visible light,
microwaves, radiowaves and infrared light are examples of photons
which arent energetic enough to ionize matter. Continue
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4. Fission: Is the splitting of an atom Typically results in
the emission of protons Only happens with Uranium atoms Is
typically created by bombarding atoms with photons QUIZ
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4. Fission: Is the splitting of an atom Typically results in
the emission of protons Only happens with Uranium atoms Is
typically created by bombarding atoms with photons QUIZ
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Only happens with Uranium atoms Typically results in the
emission of protons Is the splitting of an atom Good ! Fission is
used in nuclear power plants to produce power. The fission is
induced by the bombardment of Uranium, Plutonium or Thorium nuclei
by neutrons. When fission occurs, large amounts of energy are
released. Continue QUIZ Is typically created by bombarding atoms
with photons 4. Fission:
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Is the splitting of an atom Typically results in the emission
of protons Only happens with Uranium atoms Is typically created by
bombarding atoms with photons Wrong. The main products of fission,
along with the fission fragments and photons, are neutrons, not
protons Try again! QUIZ 4. Fission:
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Is the splitting of an atom Typically results in the emission
of protons Only happens with Uranium atoms Is typically created by
bombarding atoms with photons Wrong. Many large atoms can undergo
fission, especially when bombarded with neutrons. For example,
plutonium and thorium can also be used in fission reactions in
nuclear reactors. QUIZ 4. Fission: Try again!
Slide 61
Is the splitting of an atom Typically results in the emission
of protons Only happens with Uranium atoms Is typically created by
bombarding atoms with photons Wrong. To induce fission, heavy
isotopes are bombarded with neutrons, not photons. QUIZ 4. Fission:
Try again!
Slide 62
5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) X-Ray QUIZ
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5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) X-Ray QUIZ
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X-Ray 5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) QUIZ Wong X-rays are
created by the slowing down of electrons, not through radioactive
decay. Try again!
Slide 65
X-Ray 5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) QUIZ Wrong. In alpha
decays, the nucleus which decays looses two protons and two
neutrons. Here, we only gain 1 proton and lose 1 neutron. Try
again!
Slide 66
X-Ray 5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) QUIZ Wrong. This was a
tricky question. In decays, you have to make sure that mass and
charge are conserved. If a neutron, which is neutral in charge,
turns into a proton, all of a sudden youve got an extra positive
charge that didnt exist before. You therefore have to eject an
electron, so a negative charge from the nucleus, to balance this
out. (though I just gave you the answer!) Try again!
Slide 67
5. The nucleus of Iodine-131 (53 protons, 78 neutrons) is
unstable. To become stable, it changes one of its neutrons into a
proton, becoming Xenon-131 (54 protons, 77 neutrons). What kind of
particle is emitted from this decay? Alpha Positive beta particle
(positron) Negative beta particle (electron) Good ! In decays, you
have to make sure that mass and charge are conserved. If a neutron,
which is neutral in charge, turns into a proton, all of a sudden
youve got an extra positive charge that didnt exist before. You
therefore have to eject an electron, so a negative charge from the
nucleus, to balance this out. Continue QUIZ X-Ray
Slide 68
Learn more : Take the second part of this online course,
Radiation and Our Surroundings, which you can also find at
radiationsafety.ca/online-courses. Visit our website to view our
list of Professional Certificate Courses, Radiation Safety
Awareness Courses, and Employee Radiation Safety Training Courses :
radiationsafety.ca/workplace/education-and-training-
servicesradiationsafety.ca/workplace/education-and-training-
services Contact our Training Coordinator, Tara Hargreaves, at th
radiationsafety ca. If you have comments or questions regarding
this course, please send them to me, Claire, at ccohalan
radiationsafety ca. Acknowledgements THE END
Slide 69
The Radiation Safety Institute of Canada wishes to express its
appreciation to the following contributors of this online course :
Claire Cohalan Tara Hargreaves Justin McKinnon Don Bell Reza Moridi
Brian Bjorndal Ian Watson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS