NASA/GMAO Activities in Support of JCSDA

S. Akella, A. da Silva, C. Draper, R. Errico, D. Holdaway, R. Mahajan, N. Prive, B. Putman, R. Riechle, M. Sienkiewicz, M. Suarez, R. Todling, R.Gelaro

Ongoing• Major contributions to GSI development• All-sky satellite radiance assimilation • Integration of NASA satellite data (TRMM, GPM, MLS, OMPS-LP)• Observation impact studies• Production of new nature run for OSSEs• Staging of data on JIBB machine, hosted by NCCS• Aerosol modules in GFS, for air quality, etc.

Possible near-future• SMAP information• Air quality – modified aerosols, reactive chemistry

All-Sky Satellite Radiance Assimilation

Will McCarty, Min-Jeong Kim, Dan Holdaway, Ron Errico

Status and near-term plans

• AMSU-A and MHS cloud-affected MW radiances being assimilated in research mode.

• Linearized GEOS-5 microphysics incorporated.• Background and observation errors included for cloud-ice and -liquid

control variables.• GSI expanded to assimilate cloud-affected IR radiances using a gray-

body assumption.• Current efforts targeted to assimilation of GPM/GMI all-sky radiances.• Use GMAO OSSE framework to examine/refine all-sky methodology

and results (observation errors, increment characteristics, ...).

Results for Microwave All-Sky Radiance Assimilation (AMSU-A)30 June 2013 00Z

GEOS-5 Background Clouds

Cloud Analysis Increments

Observed (GSI-Retrieved) Clouds

• Increments of vertically integrated cloud water move GEOS-5 background closer to observations

Min-Jeong Kim

Expand GSI to include cloud-affected infrared radiances

• Essential to expanding the number of observations considered from infrared instruments (~80% of observations at the surface are rejected)

• CRTM expanded to incorporate clouds under a gray-body assumption (single, fractionally-covered cloud)

• GSI extended to include a flexible cloud height in the analysis: allows adjustment of initial guess

• First results suggest errors in GSI cloud detection require further investigation

StdDev (Tcloudy – Tclear) at 850 hPa

Temperature (K)

Used Cloudy Obs for AIRS Ch. 123 (12 m)Will McCarty

• First assess cloud screening methods used to separate observations affected and unaffected by clouds

• Relate errors in cloud detection to analysis statistics and adjoint based observation impacts

• Cloud contamination entering the analysis is readily apparent both in terms of the observation departures (cold cloud signal) and adjoint-based observation impacts (degrades 24hr forecast)

Obs Departure (O-F, K) Impact per Ob (J/kg)

Low Clouds

Improved Handling of Clouds in the Infrared in GEOS-5/GSI

AIRS Channel

Will McCarty

Assimilation of TRMM/TMI and GPM/GMI Radiances

Jianjun Jin, Will McCarty, Min-Jeong Kim

Status and near-term plans

• In preparation for assimilating GPM/GMI radiances, GSI has been extended to assimilate TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) level-1 clear-sky radiances (9 channels: 10.7 - 89 GHz).

• GPM is providing GMI radiances in real-time for early development. efforts; scientifically usable data started in mid-April 2014.

• GSI has been extended to assimilate GMI clear-sky radiances. • Extension to GMI all-sky radiance assimilation is underway.

Assimilation of TMI Radiances in GEOS-5

• TMI clear-sky radiances assimilated in GEOS-5 for the period 15 Mar – 31 May 2012

• Channels 3 – 9 (19 – 89 GHz)

• TMI radiance assimilation acts to lessen model precipitation, moving it towards the GPCP retrieved product.

Mean Obs Departure (K) RMS Obs Departure (K)

Mean Rain Rate 40oN – 40oS (mm/day)

Jianjun Jin

Assimilation of GMI Radiances in

GEOS-5

“Plumbing Tests”

GPM Orbits TRMM

OrbitsTMI and GMI Channel 7 Clear-Sky O-F (K)

TMI and GMI Channel 3 Clear-Sky O-F (K)

GMI observation departures (O-F)comparable to those for TMI

4 Apr 2014 00z

Jianjun Jin

Adjoint-based Observation Impacts

Dan Holdaway, Rahul Mahajan, Ricardo Todling, Jong Kim, Ron Gelaro

Status and near-term plans

• Routine monitoring in near real time continues...• January 2014 trials include updated physics (cloud scheme, boundary

layer, gravity wave drag, radiation) and additional data types (SSMI/S, MetOp-B, S-NPP).

• Exploring extension of impact lead time to 48 hrs using Gaussian quadrature (translates to using a single average trajectory, versus two separate trajectories, for model adjoint integration).

Observation CountFraction of Obs that Improve the Forecast

GEOS-5 Adjoint-Based 24-h Observation Impacts

ALL DATA TYPES

Total Impact

Observation Count

SATELLITE RADIANCE PLATFORMS

Total Impact

IR

MW

GEOS-5 Adjoint-Based 24-h Observation Impacts

Fraction of Obs that Improve the Forecast