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© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 1
Presentation for the:
McIlvaine Company Hot Topic Hour on
Compliance Strategies for PM2.5
Thursday, May 12, 2011
One Source Many Solutions One Purpose
Circulating Dry Scrubbers for PM2.5 Compliance
Terence Ake
Turbosorp® CDS Product Manager
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 2
Circulating Dry Scrubbers for PM2.5 Compliance
A. EPA Regulations
B. Particulate Measurement Methods
C. Circulating Dry Scrubbers
Outline
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 3
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
• New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS)
• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT)
• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial
Boiler MACT
EPA Regulations
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 4
EXAMPLE
Coal-Fired Units (Except Lignite)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Total PM Non-Hg Metal HCl SO2 Hg
Em
iss
ion
(lb
/10
6 B
tu)
Existing
New
Proposed Utility MACT Limits
Total PM = Filterable (PM2.5) + Condensibles
CEMS
required
if not
testing
for HAP CEMS
required
if no
scrubber
SO2
may be
surrogate
for HCl
with
scrubber
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 5
EXAMPLE
Coal Fired Units (Coals Except Lignite)0.000000001
0.00000001
0.0000001
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Total PM
Non-Hg
Metal HCl SO2 Hg
Em
iss
ion
(lb
/10
6 B
tu)
Existing
New
Proposed Utility MACT Limits
Reverse Logarithmic Scale
(Bigger Bar Means Much Smaller Limit)
Measure
every 2
months if
no PM
CEMS
Hg or
sorbent
trap
CEMS
required
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 6
• 30-day Rolling Averages of Continuous Monitor
Readings Compared to Limits
• Limits are All Pollutants for All-Times
No Provisions for Startup Shutdown or Malfunction
• Total PM =
Filterable (PM2.5) +Condensibles (SO3, NH4Cl, etc.)
• Measurement programs mandated within 30 days of
compliance date
• Operating practices must be defined and established
Proposed Utility MACT Limits
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 7
A. EPA Regulations
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT)
• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial Boiler MACT
B. Particulate Measurement Methods
C. Circulating Dry Scrubbers
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 8
Particulate Matter Measurement Methods
Method 5
Method
202
• Method 5 for PM2.5
• Method 17 for Total PM
• Method 202 for Condensibles
EPA issued New Method 202 in Dec-10
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 9
A. EPA Regulations
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
• Proposed Utility Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT)
• Proposed Area and Major Source Industrial Boiler MACT
B. Particulate Matter Measurement Methods
C. Circulating Dry Scrubbers
• Process
• Chemistry
• Emissions
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 10
Circulating Dry Scrubbers
Internal Solids
Recirculation
Enhances
Reactions
Turbosorp® CDSFlue Gas and Solids Path Diagram
High Solids
Recirculation
Turbulent
Reactor Mixing
No Slurry
Handling
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 11
Chemistry
Circulating Dry Scrubbers
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 12
CaSO ½ H O3 2
Ca(OH)2
CaSO ½ H O3 2
Ca(OH)2
CaSO ½ H O3 2
Ca(OH)2
Reaction after
first pass
Water added to
surface during
recirculation
Sulfite crystal
forms, exposing
fresh surfaces
Formation of reaction
products layer
Circulating Dry Scrubbers
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 13
Coal-Fired Units
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
EPA Total Total PM Total PM PM PM
PM Limit Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4
Em
iss
ion
(lb
/10
6 B
tu)
Existing
New
Turbosorp® CDSPM Emission Data Compared to Utility MACT
Circulating Dry Scrubbers
Total Filter-
able
1 CMPT
OOS
All
CMPTS
Condensibles
Not Measured with
New Method 202
© 2011 Babcock Power Inc. All rights reserved. www.babcockpower.com 14
Turbosorp® CDS Emissions Summary(Conclusion)
SO2 95 – 98 %
SO3 95 – 99 %
HCl 95 – 99 %
HF 95 – 99 %
Mercury 90 – 95 %
• Coals up to 6 lbs of SO2/106Btu
• SO2 down to 0.03 lb/106Btu
Circulating Dry Scrubbers
Reduces PM
Condensibles