On Streets Ppt

7/30/2019 On Streets Ppt

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On Streets Edited by Stanford Anderson

Street Form and Use: A survey of PrincipalAmerican Street Environment

By Victor Caliandro

Urban history Hiral Gandhi 1204



Introduction

On Streets……..

Contains

On Streets is a book, full of views of number of people on the study of the

history and sociology of streets, street definition, their role in urban life,their design and structure, and actual project of street as an institute.

Objective

The streets in anywhere of the world are known to have an objective of

permitting a certain range of social interaction and pedestrian activitieswhich enhance the street environment and space is converted intoplace. Throughout the book, the author seems to struggle with thisobjective.

Chapter : Street Form and Use Victor Caliandro, in his chapter elaborates on the structure of streets by

demonstrating it on American streets and social life of urbanAmericans.



Introduction

The author in his selected examples of typical American streets classifiesand analyzes space factor of a street by taking below factors into

consideration in order to talk with solution.• Land use

• Building density

• Orientation of building towards street

Each category in detail discusses about

• Context

• Circulation

• Automobile traffic, spatial hierarchy

• Pedestrian flow, pedestrian potential

• Enclosure of streets, public/ private boundary

• Range and concentration of activities, location and types of activitiesOn Streets……..



New York

Willow Place

Manhattan

West End AvenueMontague street, Brooklyn Heights

Broadway

Cambria Heights

On Streets…….. Streets of New York

Smithtown



Classification of streets of New York

• Residential streets

• Mixed residential & commercial streets

• Commercial streets

• Low – Medium rise buildings

• Medium – high rise buildings

• Street oriented

• Non-street oriented

On Streets…….. Streets of New York

Land use

Building density

Orientation of building towards street



Residential streets

Cambria Heights

Low – Medium rise buildings, one family, detached, street oriented

• Escape from overcrowding, traffic and lack of green in the city lead todetached houses in suburbs.

• Due to low density, the houses are scattered so distances between 2houses have tremendously increased which in turn minimizes the

pedestrian flow.

• Parking is found to be continuous through out street frontage and in midst ofstreet was automobiles traffic. This type of behavior of street leads to breakof continuity in the street character and socialization.

• Public-private boundary are strongly defined.

On Streets…….. Cambria Heights



Residential streets

On Streets…….. Cambria Heights



Residential streets

Willow PlaceMedium rise buildings, row house, street oriented

• Traditional row houses with garden behind on street which does not readilyaccept the coming of automobile.

• Due to high density, the houses are closed packed offers a potential toencourage pedestrian-oriented environment with face to face houses. This

makes it have an active street life with random as well as organizedcommunity event taking place.

• Continuity with adjacent building fabric, by means good scale proportions offaçade including areaways, entries, stoops, enclosures to areaways,

pavement materials, planting and building heights

On Streets…….. Willow Place



Residential streets

On Streets…….. Willow Place



Residential streets

West End AvenueMedium - High rise buildings, apartment block, street oriented

• High rise replacement for row house street and convenience to shoppingand rapid transit.

• Street space acts primarily as access route. Pedestrian activity is drawn toside streets.

• Public and private spaces are strictly demarcated due to absence oftransition space between them.

• There is provision of green open space along the street for communityactivities. It appears to be ideal solution for creating illusion of park oriented

buildings and hence an urban boulevard capable of sustaining pedestriancontact in pleasant setting.

On Streets…….. West End Avenue



Residential streets

On Streets…….. West End Avenue



Mixed residential & commercial streets

Montague street, Brooklyn HeightsLow - Medium rise buildings, row house and shops, street oriented

• This was row house street which slowly transformed itself from pureresidential to mixed commercial and residential character.

• Typical segment would consist of row house configuration but with 2 levelsof commercial and apartments above.

• The distribution and character of activities create a pedestrian publicdomain where space is extended into the buildings.

On Streets…….. Montague street, Brooklyn Heights




Montague street, Brooklyn Heights• Principal access is by foot and limited parking along with high density of

residential density and small scale compact commercial and social activitiesgoing by side. Due to on-streets parking, the effective width of street isreduced. This has lead to low speed traffic and sometimes in worst case,traffic to standstill.

• But confluence of pedestrian and low speed vehicles enhance the activitiesinto enclosure of street space. Wide sidewalks, variation in setbacks, bay-window projections, level changes and similar details create rich interplaybetween public and private spaces.

• But due to same wide sidewalks, it reduces impact of automobile on

pedestrian activities. But still selective control of vehicular traffic, pedestrianaccess and street oriented life did to be rethought and redefine public useboundaries.









BroadwayMedium - High rise buildings, apartment block and shops, street oriented

• Predominantly residential with occasional commercial and institutionalcoming together.

• Buildings with varied heights from 2 to 16 stories. Continuous commercialgrouping at ground level and apartment entrance from side streets.

• Due to mixed use of street (residential, commercial and institutional ), alongwith variety of settings like broad way plaza and avenues with row houseson cross streets promotes complex setting of structured and randomactivities.

• Goal directed activities are confined mainly to interior spaces with exceptionof several specialty food and clothing stores set up on street fronts.

On Streets…….. Broadway





Broadway• This leads to Manhattan, it has carry principal and subway lines. The traffic

at this street is combination of low and high traffic flow as per peak hours. Itdeals with local as well as district traffic whereas most of cross streetsserves slow residential traffic.

• Though principal access is by foot and automobile access is possible but is

discouraged by insufficient parking facilities.• Continuous commercial grouping at ground level and apartment entrance

from side streets. Tree divider separates two directions of traffic flow, streetspace is divided into 2 spaces tends to functions to one sided streets.

• Wide sidewalks reduces impact of automobile on pedestrian activities.Fenced-in center strip prevents pedestrian crossing except at breaks forcross streets.







Commercial streets

SmithtownLow - Medium rise buildings, regional shopping center, non-street oriented

• But then there was a shift in this anti street character with intensedevelopment of the suburbs and shopping centers. The shopping centerswere developed to replace small town shopping streets and offer car tostore contact. The whole concept of automobile shopping street came in.

• The building began to be removed from street edge and set behind to give aparking lot to lead high pedestrianization. Community setbacks fromproperty line lead to extension of private property in public realm. Cornerstores, church, nursery, play house, parking garages, etc were coming up.

This is all improved the public use of open and pedestrian activities.

On Streets…….. Smithtown



Commercial streets

On Streets…….. Smithtown



Commercial streets

Fifth Avenue, ManhattanMedium - High rise buildings, metropolitan commercial, street oriented

• Skyscrapers with many offices and shops have attracted high densities ofcrowd. This has brought in intense pedestrian street use which looks moreintense than it is due to the proportion of street width to building height. Dueto extensive crowd, there is no extension of private space in public realm.

• With time, there came solution of skyways at Minnesota and Place VillaMarie, Canada. Skywards are elevated pedestrian ways woven with bldgline and interior pubic realm resulting in activity placement choice andinterior plazas.

On Streets…….. Fifth Avenue, Manhattan



Commercial streets




Commercial streets




Conclusion

At the end, the author has almost made the reader believe in potential fordeveloping pedestrian oriented city and strict restriction on automobile uses

through vast different examples. He frames a picture of recognizable streetthat would sustain social life of Americans.

Expression of a community and sense of togetherness seems to be vanishing

due to lack of contact and personal interchange within an environment. It isobserved of street becoming less dense and more private.

It made me think about of street of not as one which a road network lead in

maps but it as an institution or a space which is result of all factors above.Pedestrian, that is people on streets are the ones which impart a livelycharacter to street.

On Streets……..

Documents

On Streets Ppt