104

“The orientation provided by Survey of related literatures is

helpful in making a straight forward statement of need for investigation and

of avoiding two extremes of apologetic attitudes and exaggerated claims”1.

“Effect of selected Yoga Asanas

on Motor abilities of High School students” Phy. Edu. Deptt.

Motor ability

1 C.V. Good, A.S. Barr and D.E. Scaltes, Methodology of Educational Research, New

York.

105

Strength, Speed, Endurance, Agility, Co-ordination, Flexibility, Improve

Dr. Bajrang Dev Singh “Effect of conditioning

Programme with and without Yogic exercises on selected Physical and

Physiological variables.” Conditioning Programme with

Yogic Exercises provided better than the conditioning programme without

yogic exercise. Conditioning Programme with and without Yogic Exercise

had significant effect on the max-Vo2 shuttle run and 600 yards Run-walk.

However, conditioning Programme without Yogic ex. proved better than the

conditioning programme with Yogic Exercise. It is recommended that

conditioning programme with yogic exercise should be given to enhance the

conditioning programme C.P. index.3

Dr. Mahender Singh “Effect of Yoga Asana’s on

Physical and Psychological fitness of college level students in Relation to

sports performance.” Motor-abilities,

strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, agility, co-ordination

Positive effect In sum, the findings of the study provide ample supports to

2 Dr. Rakam Singh Sandhu, “Effect of Selected Yoga Asana’s on Motor ability of high

School students” – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U.K. 1994. 3 Dr. Bajrang Dev Singh, “Effect of Conditioning Programme with and without Yogic

exercise on Selected Physical and Physiological variables.” – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U. K.

1994.

106

the conclusion that the regular practice of Yoga asana’s improve physical

and psychological fitness of sports person on most of measures.4

4 Dr. Mahender Singh, “Effect of Yoga” Asanas on Physical and Psychological Fitness of

College level students in Relation to Sports Performances”. – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U.K.

2000. 5

107

6 F.KOROVKIN “The History of the Ancient World in Hindi.

7

108

109

8

110

9

111

10

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

Larson and Yocom (1951) surveyed physiological research and

tested 10 components of physical fitness like: (i) Resistance to disease; (ii)

Muscular strength; (iii) Cardiovascular respiratory endurance; (iv) Muscular

power; (v) Flexibility, (vi) Accuracy.

Fleishman has done considerable research in the area of

physical fitness and he recommended nine physical fitness components, such

as, extent flexibility, dynamic flexibility, explosive strength, static strength,

dynamic strength, trunk strength, gross body Co-ordination, gross body

equilibrium and cardiovascular endurance.

Fleishman further grouped these factors in a number of areas

after the factor analysis. The most important among these areas were

strength, flexibility and endurance, which have been invesrtigated for further

research purposes by a number of researchers (Hattinger and Muller (1953),

Mathews and Krauze (1957), Venderhoof (1961), Berger (1962), Burnham

(1966), Shvartz (1966), Bhole (1972), Ganguli (1974) and Gharote (1976)).

Vinekar (1957) has made a study “Asanas in every day life”.

Asana could be done as exercise and as posture. Through the practice of

both types of asanas, one can achieve organic and functional promotion of

health and fitness. As postures they worked on postural substrate and muscle

124

tone and thus helped to develop body awareness through proprioception and

vestibular senses. Sensation of pleasant pain felt by the individual.

Herbert de Vries (1961) evaluated the static trretching

procedures of Hathayoga (technically called Asans) for improvement of

flexibility. Comparing the effects of static stretching with that of

conventional ballistic methods of stretching for seven periods of 30 minutes

each, he found that both the methods improved flexibility.

For the purpose of assessing the effect of long term Yogic

training programme on the cardio-vascular efficiency, Campbell and Tricker

(1967) took a sample of eleven male students who were admitted to the yoga

course. The test period continued for 8 months. The training programme

included yogic practices like asanas, kriyas, pranayamasm bandhas, mudras

and also meditation. The fitness index score of initial and final tests were

compared by ‘t’ test. Conclusion of this supported that the long-term yogic

training programme seemed to improve cardiovascular efficiency.

Experimenmts by Karambelkar et al. (1968) have demonstrated

that yoga exercises could reduce the urepepsin secretion and thus induce

relaxation in the body.

Johnson and Spielberger (1968) found that relaxation training

significantly reduced anxiety state.

125

Partap (1968) made a study “Steadiness in normal before and

after yogic practices” significant increase in hand steadiness was observed in

26 males and 8 females at the end of one month training in Yoga. “Relax

subject” showed better steadiness as compared with “tense subjects”.

Karambelkar (1969) et al. made a study “Muscles activity in

some asanas”. They found that electricl activity in muscles was reduced

during practice of selected asanas.

Therrien (1969) and Dhanaraj (1974) also confirmed the results

about the improvement in flexibility though yogic exercises.

Certain investigartors (Datay et al., 1969) observed that changes

brought about by this asana were dropped in blood pressure, metabolic rate,

slowing down of respiration and the heart rate a well as increase in the skin

temperature.

Rangan (1969), conducted an experimental study to investigate

the effect of SArvangasana and Halasana on the basal metabolic rate of

athletes. The subjects were 23 students of the first year B.P.E. of Lakshmibai

College of Physical Education, Gwalior, Basal metabolic rates of the

subjects were calculated from oxygen consumption. The mean gain of

experimental group was found to be statistically significant while mean gain

of control group was not statistically significant.

126

Moorthy (1982) made a study “Effect of selected yogic asanas

and physical exercise on flexibility”. He find out that yogic asanas as well as

physical exercise improved flexibility of 90 boys and 90 girls after six week

of training as judged by Curton’s flexibility test.

Gore and Bhole (1982) studied the influence of

paschimottanasana on heart rate and compared with isometric practice of

similar type and sit-ups with isotonic background. Thi study was conducted

on 20 male students of teacher training course in Yoga 1979 undergoing a

training in yogic physical culture for four weeks. After 10 days of training in

asana, the students were taken up for experiments. Pulse rate near wrist joint

was measured before, immediately after different conditions given the

sufficient rest in between.

Moorthy (1982) conducted a study on ‘Influence of Selected

Yogic Exercises on Minimum Muscular Fitness of the Elementary School

Children.’ The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of

selected yogic exercises on minimum muscular fitness of the elementary

school children. Some students of 6 to 11 years old form elementary school

were selected and their minimum muscular fitness was measured. Yogic

training programme of selected asanas was given to all the selected subjects

who were ket yogic training programme. Six weeks’ yogic training was

127

given to them and after completing the training programme again their

minimum muscular fitness was measured. The result revealed a positive

change amongst the school children.

128

11

129

"Combined group of (Asana and Pranayam) has been found to be considerably

better in all areas of physical and physiological fitness. This suggests that importance

should be given to Asana and Pranayama both training and completion. The Training

Programmes should be arranged in such away that each one may experience these yogic

practices.

In the Training sessions with other exercises the practice of Asana and Pranayama

should find favour with planners to promote physical and physiological fitness. These

12

130

yogic practices are recommended even during off season for athletes specializing in

various games to promote fitness.

Mass participation in yogic Practices in also recommended for sound health and

to arrest psycho physiological Problems.13

13

Usha Deshwas, Effects of Asanas and Pranayamas on Physical and

Physiological Components of Boys between age group 12-16 years.

14

131

15

16

132

17

133

18

134

19

20

135

21

22

136

Swami Ramdev in his book “Yog: Its Philosophy and Practice”

describe easy and simple interpretation of the secrets of metaphysics for

internal purification and meeting with our own soul through the eight yogic

practices established by Saint Patanjali and practical yogic medication to

cure diseases like diabetes, obesity, gas formation, constipation, piles,

stomach problems, backache, cervical spondalities, slip disc, wind problems,

allergy, sinusitis, respiratory problem, migraine, depression, high blood

pressure, stress, hyper cholestimia and heart diseases.24

L.N.C.P.

23

24 Swami Ramdev in his book “Yog: Its Philosophy and Practice”, 2005.

137