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On meeting the challenges of globalization:
The Global Filipino Engineers
Philip G. de Guzman
Michael Angelo B. Promentilla
Presentation Outline
Background on globalization and its impact in Philippine and international settings
International agreements and mobility of engineers
Globalization of engineering education and practice in coping with globalization demands
Key players and framework for globalization of engineering education and practice in the Philippines
Globalization: the World is FLAT
A process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade
(Source: Wikipedia)
Forces of globalization
International trade agreements
Expansion of knowledge and shifts toward a knowledge-based economy
Explosion of information and communication technology
International mobility of human capital
Global Filipino
Also referred to as Overseas Filipino, a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines:
People of Filipino ancestry who are citizens or residents of a different country
Filipino citizens abroad on a more temporary status
Total Overseas Filipinos
Estimated to be 8.75-11.0M in 182 countries
(~10% of entire population)
Regions with significant population:
* Estimated to be 4M by US State Dept (2007)
United States * 2,802,586 Germany 54,336
Saudi Arabia 1,066,401 France 47,075
UAE 529,114 Bahrain 44,703
Canada 462,935 Spain 41,780
Australia 270,347 Israel 36,880
Malaysia 244,967 Austria 30,000
United Kingdom 203,035 Greece 29,344
Japan 202,557 Lebanon 25,818
Qatar 195,558 Macau 23,348
Singapore 156,466 New Zealand 23,023
Kuwait 139,802 Guam 22,567
Hong Kong 130,537 Norway 20,035
Italy 120,192 Netherlands 19,163
South Korea 80,715 Sweden 18,435
Taiwan 74,010 Ireland 16,832
OFW Distribution by Occupation
* From 2005, no data on exact distribution per major occupation.Thus, the figures are inclusive of all occupations whereby an engineer could hold a position.
Apr–Sep 2001-2007
(in Thousands)
Labor Exports in Globalization Context
Overseas remittance (among the world’s highest) major factor in Philippine economy
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2005* 2006 2007 2008 2009
Rem
itta
nces (
Bil
lio
ns U
SD
)
Year
*4th behind India, China and Mexico; 13.5% of GDP (highest among four)
Effects of Globalization
Opportunities Threats
Employment, international experience
Empowerment
Financial support to family
Business outsourcing
Illegal recruitment
Human rights issues
Brain drain
Is international mobility of engineers becoming a trend?
In practice, an idea for a structure, project or product may be
conceived by an engineer in one country
designed in one or more countries
constructed or produced with components from many countries
operated and maintained where used
disposed of with international support.
(Source: Ir Dr Gue See Sew, International Mobility of Engineers)
Implications of this trend on competitiveness of Filipino engineers and industry
Opportunities to work on international projects
Philippine-based companies, foreign or Filipino-owned, could improve productivity and competitiveness with such qualified engineers
Attractive to foreign investors with the presence of a pool of internationally-qualified engineers
Potential for offshoring and/or outsourcing of engineering services to the Philippines
Towards the globalization of engineering education and practice
Internationalization of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs)
Competency-based assessment of qualifications
Outcome-based engineering education
Agreements to define international standards in engineering education
Towards the globalization of engineering education and practice
Mobility of engineering professionals and jobs
Cross-border practice and supply of services
Mutual recognition agreements (MRA) on academic preparation/qualification and regulatory/statutory/licensure requirements
International Engineering Registers / Agreements (IEA)
Examples of International Engineering Registers
Register Operated by Year
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Engineer
1995
Euro Engineer Federacion Europeenne d’Associations Nationales d’Ingenieurs (FEANI)
1992
ASEAN Engineer ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations (AFEO)
1998
APEC Engineer Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Engineer Coordinating Committee
2000
International Professional Engineers (IntPE)
Engineers’ Mobility Forum (EMF) 1997
ASEAN Engineers Register
Country # Members
Brunei
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
0
129
173
12
594
114
92
12
30
108
TOTAL 1,264
(Source: http://aer.afeo.org/)
Membership to Other IE Agreements
COUNTRY APEC ENGINEER EMF IntPE WASHINGTON ACCORD
Australia / New Zealand / Canada 2000 1997 1989
Bangladesh (P)
Germany (P)
Hong Kong China 2000 1997 1995
India 2009 (P)
Indonesia 2001
Japan 2000 1999 2005
Korea 2000 2000 2007
Malaysia 2000 1999 2009
Pakistan (P)
Philippines 2003
Russia (P) (P)
Singapore 2005 2007 2006
Sri Lanka 2007 (P)
Chinese Taipei 2005 2009 2007
Thailand 2003
Turkey (P)
United Kingdom 1997 1989
USA 2001 1997 1989
Membership to EMF IntPE
Membership to Washington Accord is one of the requirement for admission to IntPE Register
CRITERIA FOR THE EMF:
Academic achievement substantially equivalent to that of a graduate holding an engineering degree accredited under the terms of the Washington Accord
The Washington Accord
Signed in 1989, mutual agreement between bodies responsible for accrediting professional engineering degree programs in each of signatory countries.
Recognizes substantial equivalency of programsand recommends that graduates of accredited programs in any of the signatory countries be recognized by the other countries.
Covers professional engineering undergraduate degrees, and the academic requirements which are part of licensing/regulation requirements.
(Source: http://www.washingtonaccord.org/)
Towards Membership to Washington Accord (WA)
“Membership in the Washington Accord is important in order for our individual engineers to be eligible to be members of the international registers of engineers. They cannot be outside looking in without a place at the dinner table”
~ Dr. Reynaldo VeaChair, Science, Math and Engineering (SME) Panel, COMSTE
Towards Membership to Washington Accord (WA): Key Players
Congressional Commission on Science, Technology and Education (COMSTE)
The Philippine Technological Council (PTC) -Certification and Accreditation Board for Engineering Education
Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA)
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
PTC - PACUCOA
COMSTE hosted MOA signing between PTC and PACUCOA on March 2, 2010 to set up an accreditation system to be eligible for membership to WA.
Accreditation system to be:
National in scope
Unified in approach
Outcome-based
Continuous quality improvement-promoting
Independent of schools
Run by professional engineering societies
Engineering-Wide Desired Program Outcomes
Abilities to: apply knowledge of mathematics, physical, life, information, and
engineering sciences appropriate to the field of practice.
design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within identified constraints.
work effectively in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams.
recognize, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
recognize professional, social, and ethical responsibility.
effectively communicate orally and in writing using the English language.
understand effects of engineering solutions in a comprehensive context.
engage in life-long learning and an understanding of the need to keep current of the developments in the specific field of practice.
use the techniques, skills, and engineering tools necessary for engineering and business practice.
PRC: on improving the quality of
professional engineers
Enhancement of the continuing professional education (CPE)
Enforcement of government regulations on the working environment for professionals
Focus on the development of specialization among professionals
CHED: on improving the quality of higher education in the Philippines
Improvement of faculty qualifications through massive faculty development programs
Expansion of research and improvement of graduate education
Improvement in the role of CHED in information dissemination
Towards Internationalization of Engineering Education
“Education is a lifelong process…
As for schools and teachers, the school of the future must be different from the school of the past, and even from the school of today. Technology will transform the school of tomorrow just as radically as technology will transform the business corporation of tomorrow.”
~ Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos
Internationalization in Engineering Education
Staff and student mobility
Faculty exchange and development
Research and collaboration
Internationalizing curricula: building international perspectives
International networks
Transnational distant education, twinning and articulation programs
International quality assurance systems
Conclusions
Globalization has profound impact on Philippines and Filipino engineers
The need to globalize engineering education and practice through international agreements
Are the concerned Philippine institutions and stakeholders on the right track?
With the initiative and preliminary action… yes. While it promises to be a long and enduring process, the rewards would be global.
Thank you for listening!
Main References: R. Vea, Globalization of Engineering Education and Practice,
Conference on Science, Math and Engineering Education, COMSTE, 2008.
T. Tullao Jr. ed. Education and Globalization, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2003.
R. Adel, Mis-education of Filipino Engineers, 2009 http://www.ieagreements.com/
“Human capital accumulation is a necessary condition for
sustained rapid growth”
(World Bank, the East Asian Miracle, 1993)